News Article Analysis 25 points Locate a current online news article that connects to specific geographic regions and concepts found in lecture and textbook readings. How recent must the article be? Use an article that is current, within the past three (3) months. How long should the article be? The news article that you select should be at least roughly equivalent to a Word document that is two double-spaced pages. Please do not select an article that is too short. Some news sources include: Al-Jazeera, BBC News, Xinhua News (China), New York Times, salon.com, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, National Geographic, Newsweek, etc. Locating an article is easy, as you can always simply start out with a basic Google search and by clicking on News. Please note that websites are not news articles. Do not write an analysis that only focuses on an organization website. For full credit on each Article Analysis, you must satisfy all the requirements found below: 1. Summarize the article in 3-4 sentences. (What is the main idea or argument of the article? What are the major issues?) (5 points) 2. Analyze the article: In the larger scheme of things, what does it all mean? Connect geographic concepts found in your textbook. Explain how it connects to your reading. As a geographer, you need to consider the human-environmental implications and impacts, and should always be thinking about how issues relate to culture, society, politics, economics, and the environment. Moreover, you should be thinking about scale, or rather thinking about how these issues connect locally, regionally, and globally. (10 points) 3. Please note that it should be abundantly clear that you are familiar with the textbook readings, PowerPoints, and additional reading/video sources in your analysis. You should show this by citing from the textbook (p. xxx) or by making references to the lecture PowerPoints or supplemental readings/videos. (5 points) 4. Article analyses should be at least 400 words, double-spaced. (3 points) 5. Lastly, you are responsible for citing this article in APA format on a separate page of your Word Document. (2 points) 6. Submission will be through eCampus. Directions to follow soon. Chapter 11: Economic and Environmental Geography of North America S Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Economic Geography S The U.S . and Canada are very wealthy nations S United S tates $52,800 GDP S Canada $43,100 GDP S United S tates : S Built economic s tructure of cons umption S Economy s till powerful S World’s 2 nd larges t manufacturer, larges t producer of oil, has world’s leading financial markets S Dollar is world’s leading currency Copyright © 2017 Ce ngage Le arning. All Rights Re s e rve d. Sources of the Region’s Affluence S Large population represents pool of labor and talent as well as a market S Peace and stability within and between these countries S Overall sense of internal unity and track record of continuity in political, economic, and cultural institutions Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Agriculture and Forestry in the US and Canada S U.S. agricultural trade surplus S Agricultural products represent 11% of exports; 5% imports S Agriculture workforce: 2% S Green Revolution and large Agribusiness S Subsidization – Great Depression S Conservation Reserve Program S Reintegrate plants and wildlife S Better land management practices and genetic modification of crops have boosted crop yields S Abundant forest resources S U.S. cuts more wood, produces more wood pulp, and produces more paper than any other country in the world Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. U.S.-Canadian Economic Relations S Vital Trading Partners S S S Canada is much more dependent on the U.S. Exchange of Canadian raw and intermediate materials for American manufactured goods 1965 – FTA production, import, and export of automobiles S Detroit, Michigan ----- Windsor, Ontario S Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement 1988 S North American Free Trade Agreement 1994 S S Maquiladoras Rules of origin – ½ or more of the components of any manufactured good must originate in Canada, US, or Mexico Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Manufacturing and the Great Recession S “American Dream” – Does it exist? S Rust Belt S Factories closing – less need for American-made goods S Steel moves from Pittsburgh, PA to South Korea S Growth in service sector –Manufacturing 10% in US, 11% in Canada S Outsourcing, mechanization, globalization S Investment from China – “insourcing” S Manufacturing – wind turbines, jet engine parts S Cars – Mercedes, Honda, Hyundai Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Services and Information Technology S Most Americans and Canadians employed in service sector S S S S ¾ of US and Canadian workforce 2 million federal gov’t employees; 19 million state and local gov’t – 15% Healthcare – 11% U.S. profits from a “knowledge economy” – STEM – Science, Technology, Engineering, Maths S S Development of the Internet Global leadership in Information Technology S Platform economy – innovation and design homegrown – products made abroad S Tech bubble burst in 2000 Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Services and Information Technology S Housing bubble burst in 2007 S Great Recession 2007 – 2009 S S Sub-prime loans Credit crisis – banks foreclosed on unpaid properties, housing prices slumped S S Sell-off in global stock exchanges, prices of oil and other commodities supporting housing boom plummeted Recovery slow – falling tax revenues, huge cuts in city, state, and federal spending S Canada weathers the storm S Productivity paradox – “mechanized and computerized ourselves into obsolescence” S Technology polarizes employment Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inequalities S Gap between rich and poor S In 2014, America’s top 10% owned 75% of country’s wealth; 1% holds 20% of wealth (incomes grew 113% from 1988-2008) S Tax rates, rising stock market, dissolution of unions S Poor – 14% of the population in 2014, 22% of children S Spread across the country – Rust Belt, South S Digital divide S Canada has more equitable distribution of wealth – single-payer healthcare Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Poverty Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. S Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. S Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Physical Geography of North America Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Climates and Land Uses S All 11 climate types, plus undifferentiated highland S Megadrought – in Mediterranean climate S 60% of US fruits, 70% vegetables S “Corn Belt” – eastern Dakotas and Nebraska, through Iowa and into Illinois S Tobacco – south U.S. S Tropical climates S Southern Florida and Hawaii Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Climates and Biomes Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Natural Hazards Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Climate Change World wide reduction in mountain glacier cover. Glacier National Park: 1850: 150 glaciers 2010 25 glaciers greater than 25 acres Lessened snow-pack (the Colorado River depends on snow pack from the upper basin for 85% of its flow) Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Canada: Overfished Waters S Maritime provinces S New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island S 200-mile offshore jurisdiction prohibiting foreign competition in the fishing of the Grand Banks began 1977 S Moratorium on commercial fishing remains in effect S Cod populations have not recovered – economic shock Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Canada: The Race for the Arctic S Canada has a vast Arctic territory S Aims to exploit it to maximum advantage S Arctic Bridge S Canada and Russia S Shipping route from Churchill, Canada to the Russian port of Murmansk S Considerations: S Warming Arctic Ocean waters will mean new fishing grounds will open S Estimated 1/4 of world’s undiscovered oil and gas reserves lie in the Arctic Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Greenland: A Glacial Landscape S Greenland is geologically part of North America S Site of first N. American settlements – Vikings S Population 55,000 - mostly Inuit S Danish province (1814) S 1979- self-government S There are estimates that Greenland may have oil reserves as great as Libya’s S About 80% of the island is covered by an icecap up to 10,000 feet thick S Between 2003 and 2011, an average of about 50 cubic miles of icecap melted due to global warming S Climate models – if ice sheet completely melts, a sea level rise 20ft. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The United States: The Changing Geography of American Settlement S Four major patterns S Agricultural heartland depopulated – rural America 20% S People moving south and west S Cities revitalized and attract more people – S Socioeconomic divides widened in cities S Sun Belt S Adaptive reuse of structures S Gentrification S Congress for New Urbanism – “smart growth” Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Water Stress Index Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Where in the world is the water? S What percentage of the world’s available water is fresh water? S A. 2.5% S B. 12.5% S C. 22.5% S D. 24.5% Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. United States: The Thirsty West S Environmental challenges: S Dry climates S Rough topography S Lack of inland water transportation S Water differentiated S Underground vs. surface S Colorado River Compact (1922) Balance water between upper and lower basin S Several dams- Glen Canyon (1966) and Hoover Dam (1936) S S Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Hoover – 25 million people water S Central Arizona Project S Pumps water to Phoenix and Tucson, powered by coal burning Navajo Power Plant S Canal network S Wasteful practices • Exotic rivers – rivers that cross the desert but derive their flow from regions having a water surplus (e.g., Colorado River, US) • Major efforts to redirect flow and use the stream for a power source • 40 dams constructed S Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Since 1963, the only times when the Colorado River has reached the ocean have been during El Niño events in the 1980s and 1990s. Glen Canyon Dam Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Residential Community Phoenix, Arizona… Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Commercial Interests mining manufacturing and processing chemicals retail services Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Agriculture present crop irrigation systems livestock operations new land and water diversion projects Native American fishing Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Recreational Enthusiasts Boating and rafting tourism (sightseeing, camping, hiking, etc.) sport fishing facilities (retail, public service, etc.) Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Environmentalists Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. United States: The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge S Alaska’s Permanent Fund S From oil revenues S Oil supplies 80% of state’s revenue S Arctic National Wildlife Refuge S 12,500 square mile refuge set aside as wilderness in 1980 S Fate of oil beneath tundra ecosystem left for Congress to decide at later time S Oil interests/Inupiat vs. environmentalists and Gwich’in who argue that oil drilling disrupts caribou calving Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. “Within the next fifty years, the world population will increase by another 40-50%. This population growth – coupled with industrialization and urbanization – will result in an increasing demand for water and will have serious consequences on the environment.” S Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. SOUTH AMERICA: THE AMAZON, ITS FOREST, AND ITS PEOPLE (CONT’D.) ¡ Trans- Amazon Highway § Brazil began construction in 1970s on the main line of an interoceanic highway connecting Atlantic and Peruvian coasts § Regional Initiative for the Infrastructure Integration of South America § Ecological concerns about deforestation resulting from building this road Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. CRUDE ¡ Describe the struggle between indigenous communities and Texaco/Chevron. ¡ Describe some of the major geographic themes present in this film, some of which include: colonialism, capitalism, globalization, deforestation. ¡ In your opinion, do you think Big Oil should be held accountable for poisoning the Amazon and its people? Why? How? Or why not? Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. BERTA CACERES Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. COLONIAL LEGACIES, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, AND IMMIGRATION Chapter 11: North America Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. NORTH DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. AREA AND POPULATION ¡ Population § United States – 320 million § Canada – 35 million § Together, the countries have 5% of the world’s population on 13% of its land surface ¡ Megalopolis § Long, narrow urban belt from Virginia to Maine § Includes 5 of the 20 largest cities § Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and Boston Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHIES ¡ Origins § Began their migrations as Asians § Started crossing what was then a land bridge between Alaska and Siberia 23,000 years ago § Paleo-Indians § Heavily modified the landscape for their own benefit § Geographic, linguistic, cultural traits § Animism and reverence for natural world Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. NATIVE AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS ¡ No extensive urban civilizations ¡ Ancestral Pueblo – 4 Corners Region § Pueblos – dwellings built into cliffsides § Known as the Anasazi § 550 CE – early 14 th century ¡ Mound Builders – Cohokia, Illinois – Mississippian culture § Year 1200- home to 20,000 people Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. EUROPEAN IMPACTS ON NATIVE CULTURES ¡ Native Americans (US), First Nations (Canada) ¡ North America after 1492 § Native cultures devastated (by 1890: 250,000) § Hernando de Soto led a 500-man expedition wrecking everything its path from 1539 to 1542 – “razorbacks” § Brought pigs that spread disease, famine, and conflict Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. CENTURIES OF CONFLICT ¡ “Trail of Tears” – Indian Removal Act 1830-(Cherokees, Creeks, Seminoles) ¡ Indian wars – Battle of Little Big Horn (1876) ¡ Massacre at Wounded Knee (1890) § Sioux tribes of the northern plains § Tribes resettled to reservations ¡ Reservations still among poorest communities in the U.S. § Gaming industry revenues ¡ Canada – First Nations also placed on reservations - Apologized § Extirpation of bison § Nunavut – 1/5 land § Inuit Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. INDIAN LAND (1784) Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. INDIAN LAND - PRESENT Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. EUROPEAN SETTLERS AND SETTLEMENTS ¡ Early exploration – “Northwest Passage” – link between Atlantic and Asia ¡ Spanish § First to establish permanent presence ¡ French § Acadia 1605 – Maritime Provinces ¡ Dutch ¡ England § Jamestown 1607 Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED STATES ¡ Louisiana Purchase § From France, 1803 ¡ Manifest Destiny § U.S. fated to expand across the continent ¡ Homestead Acts 1862 § Allowed pioneer family to claim up to 160 acres of land for $10 ¡ Acquisition of Alaska 1867 Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. ETHNIC MINORITIES ¡ 1988 Multiculturalism Act in Canada § Encouragement and recognition of numerous cultures ¡ Mainstream European American culture ¡ Urban ethnic enclaves dominated by non-European peoples § “white flight” § 80% of Little Italy in NY now Chinese ¡ Québec - “Quebecois” – descendants of French settlers - 75% of Quebec § Conservative French Catholocism § Ribbon farming – discourages industrialization ¡ Amish in U.S. – Indiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio § Mennonites of Swiss-German origin – 1700s § 200,000 Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. WHITE FLIGHT Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. HISPANIC AMERICANS ¡ Hispanic – ethnolinguistic term § Spanish-derived cultures § 17% of the population in the U.S. ¡ Bracero Program (1942) § WWII – Mexicans filled labor shortages Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. MIGRATION INTO NORTH AMERICA ¡ U.S. is the only MDC in the world that is experiencing significant population growth § Immigration rates varied through history § 1845 – 1860 Britain, Ireland, Germany § 1880s – 1930 Germans, Italians, Poles, Jews, Irish § 1924 quota system gave preference to immigrants from northwestern European countries § 1965 nationalist quota system lifted; nature of immigration changed greatly Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. WHAT TO DO ABOUT ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION? ¡ Fear of immigrants taking jobs and bleeding social services § 5% U.S. workforce classified as illegal § Number of successful illegal entries to U.S. dropping steadily ¡ Sanctuary cities ¡ Birth tourism § Wealthy Chinese, Taiwanese, South Korean ¡ Secure Fence Act of 2006 Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. OPERATION WETBACK - 1954 Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 7: South and East Asia Objectives  Appreciate China and India as the demographic and economic giants of early 21st-century Asia.  Appreciate the physical geography and catastrophic reach of the region’s natural hazards  Learn about the cultures associated with rice, and the balance between precipitation, soils, crop varieties, and populations that have consistently allowed production to meet rising demand in the region Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Population density Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Ring of Fire Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Climate and Biomes Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Monsoons  Monsoons are the prevailing sea-to-land and land-to-sea winds  Summer monsoon  Winter Monsoon Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Agricultural Adaptations Many soils are infertile High temperatures and heavy rains Rapid leaching of mineral nutrients Decomposition of organic matter Local soils will not support more than one or two poor harvests Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Importance of Rice  Intensive subsistence agriculture  Shifting cultivation  Wet rice cultivation Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Are There Correlations between Agriculture and Culture? Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Where Asians Live  Villages  Main unit of Asian settlement is the village  Lowland villages tend to be situated on natural levees, dikes, or raised mounds  Cities  Japan is 91% urban  Pronounced rural-to-urban migration Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cultural & Historical Geographies  Cultural developments  First movable printing type (Korea)  Gunpowder, paper, silk, and porcelain (China)  Faiths of Hinduism and Buddhism (India)  Domesticated plants and animals  Rice, cabbage, chickens, water buffalo, zebu cattle, pigs Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Ethnic and Linguistic Patterns  Ethnic and linguistic composition is rich and complex  Language families  Indo-European  Sino-Tibetan  Altaic  Austric  Dravidian  Papuan Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Religions and Belief Systems  Belief systems practiced by a quarter of the world’s population originated in this region  Hinduism  Jainism  Buddhism  Sikhism  Confucianism  Daoism  Other practices  Shintoism, ancestor veneration, animism Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Hinduism -Lacks theology -pantheon of deities, different aspects of one God, Brahman -Brahman, the creator -Shiva, the destroyer -Vishnu, the preserver Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Ganges and Pilgrimages Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Caste  Caste system: hereditary hierarchical categories  One is born into a given subcaste, or community (called a jati)  Caste is incredibly complex Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Caste  Brahmins - priestly caste  Kshatriyas - warriors and rulers  Vaishyas - landowning (small-plot) farmers and merchants  Sudras - low-status laborers and artisans  Dalits - “the oppressed,” or untouchables Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Jainism Code of nonviolence Similar to Buddhism Reincarnation Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Buddhism Developed as a reaction to Hinduism Reincarnation Sri Lanka is 70% Buddhist Found in Nepal, Bhutan, and Afghanistan Theravada “Way of the Elders” Mahayan “Great Vehicle” Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Sikhism  Combines aspects of Hinduism with monotheism, specifically Islam  Universal tolerance  Concentrated in the Punjab region Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Confucianism  Sociopolitical philosophy that either serves on its own or is blended with other religions (particular among Han Chinese)  Writings of Confucius (551 to 479 BCE)  Ethical precepts  Honor of elders  Hierarchy  Education Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Daoism (Taoism)  Chinese  Daodejing, Classic of the Way and its Power  Lao-tzu, 6th century BCE  Rejection of social conformity  Conform only to the “Way”, the underlying pattern of the universe Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Jainism Code of nonviolence Similar to Buddhism Reincarnation Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Buddhism Developed as a reaction to Hinduism Reincarnation Sri Lanka is 70% Buddhist Found in Nepal, Bhutan, and Afghanistan Theravada “Way of the Elders” Mahayan “Great Vehicle” Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Sikhism  Combines aspects of Hinduism with monotheism, specifically Islam  Universal tolerance  Concentrated in the Punjab region Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Indus Valley Civilization First large agricultural communities - 4500 years ago Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Invasions and Influences Aryans: invaders from Central and SW Asia 3500 years ago Instituted caste system Developed Hinduism Other influences: Persians, Macedonians, Arab traders Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Invasions and Influences Mughals: Turkic Persians from Central Asia Controlled northern and central South Asia Introduced Islam Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Islam Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. British Empire Ruled from 1830s to 1947 -influenced the region politically, economically, socially Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Pre-Colonial vs. Colonial Old Delhi Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. New Delhi Borders and Boundaries British mapping of India Resistance Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. End of British Rule Mohandas Gandhi Non-violence & civil disobedience The Salt March Jawaharlal Nehru – India’s first prime minister Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Salt March An act of civil disobedience led by Gandhi to protest British rule in India Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Partition Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Struggle for Khalistan Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Operation Blue Star Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Conflict in East Pakistan (Bangladesh)  The Partition split West Bengal  Enclaves Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Independence Independence 1947 India: world’s largest democracy 29 states, 7 union territories Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Bombay-Mumba Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Calcutta-Kolkata Madras-Chennai East and West Pakistan Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Conflict in Kashmir and Jammu Conflicting borders Since 1947, 60,000 to 100,000 people killed Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Naxalites and Red Corridor Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Sri Lanka Civil War  Buddhist Sinhalese (75%) – Indo Aryan  Settled Sri Lanka 2,000 years ago  Hindu Tamils (12%) – descendants of early invaders and migrant labor from southern India  Tamil Tigers  25 year civil war, 70 thousand dead Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. South Asia: Keeping Malthus at Bay  Poverty and human health  Population surge in India since Independence  352 million in 1947 to 1.3 billion in 2014  32% of the population “abjectly poor”  Agricultural output growing  Women in the population  Outnumbered by men Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.