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OUTLINE
I. Introduction
II. Causes of Terrorism
III. Why do people involve themselves in terrorism groups?
IV. Case Study of Iraq
V. Conclusion


Running Head: TERRORISM

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TERRORISM
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Terrorism
What is Terrorism?
Terrorism can be described as a strategy often used by a weaker person or group
against a powerful nation or state. The violent actions are aimed to achieve a specific end by
creating fear among the targeted population. In response, the powerful state is provoked and
prompted to act also violently. A violent attack by the terrorists is often followed by a violent
crackdown. This creates a cycle of fighting activities which gets hard to crack over time.
(Lemieux, 2017)
The major aim of terrorists is to spread fear among citizens, who will, in turn, plead
with their respective states to allow the terrorists to do what they want. Currently, the Islam
terrorists have gone as far as using the internet to scare people, thus spreading fear. The
internet is also used to recruit new entrants into the circle of terrorists. (Lemieux, 2017)
Causes of terrorism
Different terrorist groups have different reasons for their actions. These can be what
they perceive as social, political and religious unfairness. In most cases, the activities are
fuelled by religious or spiritual beliefs. War can also be between the poor and rich or between
people of different races where one is perceived as superior to the other. Nations can also use
terrorism tactics to safeguard their interests. For instance, Iran has been said to support
Hezbollah in Lebanon against Israel. When countries are fighting against each other, terrorist
activities may be involved. Politically, war can arise between the outcasts and elite. For
example, the FARC in Colombia is inspired by socioeconomic disparities while the Al-Qaida
and IS are inspired by the interpretation of their religious and prophetic messages. Most

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terrorist groups who are allied to the Al-Qaida and IS aim at eliminating those who do not
believe their doctrines (Lemieux, 2017).
Questions may arise; why the violent actions of the terrorists? Why can’t they use
diplomatic ways to solve their problems? Looking at this topic from the psychological point
of view, the following can explain the reason for the aggressive activities from terrorists:
i) Frustration
The inferior groups may feel frustrated if prevented from achieving a goal they so
much want to. In most cases, human violence is fuelled by frustration. Frustration leads to
anger which in turn produces aggression. However, it is important to note that frustration can
be solved in different ways other than aggressiveness. According to studies, it is aversive
frustration that can lead to violence (Borum, 2007)
ii) Social learning
Violent behaviour can be learnt from the environment. Terrorism being part of
aggression behaviour can be learnt from the surrounding. People can learn how to go about it,
when it is appropriate, how to justify it and to whom, it has to be directed to (Borum, 2007).
Young people growing up in terrorist infested areas may learn the tactics from their
environment. Most start involving themselves at a very young age due to the influence from
the community.
iii) Perception
People may be violent depending on how they perceive issues. Both internal and
external factors may influence perception. Social and political issues are perceived from the
angle of beliefs and memories instead of realities. Terrorists view the world subjectively
instead of objectively. In most cases, their actions are not based on realities (Borum, 2007).

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Why do people involve themselves in terrorism groups?
Most people involve themselves in terrorist activities because of these three reasons:
i) Injustice
People feel the desire to revenge against injustice causes. The bitterness and anger lead them
to act in a violent way. Groups which feel marginalised by their government take up arms to
avenge. If grievances are not addressed well, it can lead to unrest (Borum, 2007).
ii) Identity
Once one identifies himsel...