skin cancer

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Part I: Read through the following two studies. Tanning and Skin Cancer An investigator would like to assess the association of melanoma (skin cancer) and Hospitalized individuals with melanoma will be compared with hospitalized patients exposure to infrared skin tanning services by using a hospital-based case-control study. without melanoma (controls). This hospital, located in a low-income area of the city, is famous nationwide for its expertise in melanoma. Individuals with melanoma (cases) provided. However, this hospital is not as well known for any other medical conditions as it is for melanoma. Therefore, cases would come from all over the country, and controls will be mostly local low-income individuals. Smoking and Diabetes of A study to assess the association of diabetes and smoking compared a group diabetes (controls) who were full-time employees of the same hospital where the cases were identified. hospitalized individuals with diabetes (cases) with a group of hospital volunteers without Assignment: Discuss the possible validity and bias issues that may have occurred in each study. (See page 117-118 for an explanation about validity and bias.) Be specific and explain. Part II: Online Disease Outbreak Simulation Download “Botulism in Argentina” Epidemiologic computer-based case study. http://www.cdc.gov/epicasestudies/computer_botulism.html There are six steps to completing an epidemiologic outbreak study. Work through the six steps that are located throughout the downloaded program. This program is not MAC compatible. You are going to need to use a PC. Assignment: Describe each of the six steps of an epidemiologic outbreak study using the “Botulism in Argentina" case study as an example. You will need to summarize each step that you complete. Make sure to include specific details of the “Botulism in Argentina” case study is your response. Also make sure to incorporate the answers to the questions embedded with the program into your summary.
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Skin Cancer
Part 1: Validity and Bias
Melanoma consists of three classes namely class I, II. And III. Class iii melanoma is the one
responsible for the development of skin cancer. Usually, it depends on environmental factors such
as sunlight intensity. In the presence of sunlight, the likelihood of contacting melanoma is high,
and the vice versa is also true (Diepgen & Mahler 1). In the case of these two studies, given that
samples were taken from the whole country, they were compared against the same local
population. Such would not fit as an appropriate control method because the temperature in the
area is different from the other parts of the nation. In that case, the comparison is not valid.
Part 2: Online Disease Outbreak Simulation
Step 1: Detect the Outbreak
In the case study, epidemiologists detected the outbreak by diagnosing the botulism
condition from previous cases. Just like in Buenos Aires hospital, epidemiologists should first
research of prior cases that had similar symptoms. In Argentina, they discovered drooping eyelids,
respiratory malfunctions, double vision and difficulties in swallowing (Bossi, Philippe & Francois
463). The case found out that victims were bus drivers from the same firm. It is this that led doctors
into testing for botulinum in patients. Likewise, the simulation of any disease outbreak should

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follow a similar procedure through questioning, contacting the ministry of health and drafting press
releases to inform the public about the outbreak.
Step 2: Generate a Hypothesis
Physicians providing care to patients give demographic and clinical information about each
patient. In further encounters with botulism patients and bus drivers, only those who drove during
the morning shift and late night shift got exposure to the virus. From this, epidemiologists were
able to hypothesize that the condition mostly occurs to morning shift drivers especi...


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