48
M
Internet of Things (IoT) & Smart Home Automation
Ashutosh Sigdel, Prerak Silwal and Saurav G.C.
Computer Science, Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7th Avenue South, Moorhead, MN 56563
M
MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
MOORHEAD
MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
MOORHEAD.
Detailed Design and Implementation
Abstract: Internet of things is comprised of smart devices interacting with other machines,
objects and environment. It is all about adding intelligence to devices and making humans aware of the
environment by making meaningful interpretations. Our research is based on building connected home
products and enhancing smart home automation. In this project, we are exploiting the customization
ability of Raspberry-Pi and Voice control system to communicate with the user. We have explored the
future potential of Internet of Things and different ways devices around us can interact to make our day
to day life easier
Today, with voice commands through Alexa, we are able to control different smart devices connected
within a network. The purpose of our research is to explore further possibilities of controlling regular
home appliances (those that cannot be connected to internet/network) by connecting them to relay which
then connects to raspberry pi. Here, the raspberry pi is configured in order to act as a smart device. In this
way, the raspberry pi can be controlled through sending Alexa by sending voice commands to it. Then, the
raspberry pi sends signal over to the relay depending on the command Alexa sends. Hence, turning the
relay off/on through voice commands enables to control the power going through any general appliance
that is connected to it.
The code starts the server and raspberry pi starts listening to alexa commands. Now, as the raspberry pi is
fully configured as an IOT device, we can give voice commands to Alexa to discover smart devices, and
control the device that is found, which in this case will be the raspberry pi 3. The relay connected to
berry pi can be turned on or off, which will further control the regular home appliance connected to
the relay. For this project, we chose fan as the regular home device and connected it to the relay which was
being controlled through raspberry pi listening to commands from alexa.
Keywords: Internet of Things, Smart Home Automation, M2M, Raspberry pi, Relay
ctrl_interface-DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP-netdev
update_config=1
country=US
DISPLAY
network={
ssid="YOUR SSID"
psk="YOUR_PASSWORD"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
}
NENE
Ratay Driver
POWER
SUPPLY
PUPPLY
Using relay to connect the appliance to Pi 3
Introduction
"Internet of Things (IoT) as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary(OED) is the interconnection via
the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data.
As smartphones, wearable smart gadgets and other wired/wireless products become more
ommon, the
IoT is becoming more useful and popular. In other words, all objects that can be turned on and off can be
connected using the loT [5]. These devices are not only limited to smartphone and home appliances but
also include home security systems, medical devices and much more.
The increase in popularity of IoT can be accounted to the cheap high-speed internet. Due to the
low-priced high-speed internet more people are connected to each other [5]. Hence, due to this rise in
connectivity the demand of data is increasing day by day. Moreover, in the present the cost of hardware
and software production has decreased. This has given people access to the internet and data at all times
and in all places.
Required Components:
Raspberry Pi 3
• Amazon echo dot or echo
Relay
Micro SD card and card reader
• Breadboard wires
Micro USB cable
WEITE
ty
.
O
Lamps
LS
Lampe
FAN
Fig: The basic design of the project
board as
we
In the past decade, IoT has connected billions of devices to the Internet and has gained tremendous
popularity due to its potential applications. In general, IoT devices combine sensing, computation, and
communication techniques to deliver remote data collection and system control [5]. Majority of devices
today contain built in sensors which are connected to an Internet of Things Platform. A platform is a
software and hardware, which may include an operating system, storage, computing power, security,
development tools, and many other functionalities. These platforms are helpful because they can pinpoint
exactly what information is useful and what can safely be ignored [6]. Thus, helping application
developers detect patterns and focus on a specific problem they are solving.
Raspberry Pi offers a complete Linux server in a tiny platform. It is also fully Android compatible.
Raspberry Pi 3 is the latest version and it is the first 64-bit computing board that also comes with built-in
Wifi and bluetooth functions. The developers claim that Pi3 delivers an average 50% performance
improvement over the Pi2.
Raspberry Pi has an excellent programming IDE with GUI. We can connect it to laptop or PC to program
it. RaspPi can be used for requirements that need high level of direct connectivity with the internet.
Another interesting thing about Raspberry Pi is the GPIO (General Purpose Input-output), which is a
low-level interface of self-operated control by input-output ports. Raspberry Pi has a 40-pin connector that
supports this.
Circuit Design
In order to connect raspberry pi to the relay we need three female to female breadboard wires. There are
three pins on the relay, the first one is negative, the middle one is positive and the third one is for signal.
The minus wire connects to the ground which is pin 6 on the board. The pin 6 on the pi board is ground.
The positive wire on the relay connects to the 5 volt power on the pi board (number 4 on the figure). The
signal wire from the relay connects to GPIO4 on the pi board. On the female to female breadboard wire,
connect the black wire to negative, white to positive and gray to the signal. Now, to connect the two
components together, on the other end of the wires connect black (ground) to pin3 also labeled as GPIO2,
power to the pin 4 (5V PWR) and the last wore to pin 7 (GPIO 4).
The relay can be connected to additional devices which can in turn be controlled by Alexa. However, the
GPIO pin in the pi board is not suitable for handling high voltage current. So, you might need additional
relays to connect more loads to the pi board.
Data collection is an important aspect of Internet of Things. On a larger scale it is used by navigation
apps like Waze, Google Maps, and Beat that collects data from millions of cars connected to the GPS and
information about heavy traffic and is able to suggest the best route for you. It is also used in home
appliances to collect data related to you. Smart objects are able to aggregate and access the data they
collect. For example a smart refrigerators use load cell sensors to collect information on different items in
your fridge and then notifies the user of about any scarce products.
Relay Switch is similar to normal switch but it operates using an electrical source, in our case, Raspberry
Pi. The Raspberry Pi we use cannot turn the device on by itself, so we use a relay switch to break the
circuit in order to turn off the home appliance connected to it and connect the circuit to turn on the device.
Electrical magnet that is in the middle of the switch controls turning on or off the device. Relays are
suitable for driving high power electrical equipment such as light bulbs, motors, etc. Raspberry Pi can be
connected to the Relay using jumper cables. For simplicity, we used the recommended red for positive and
black for negative. In raspberry Pi 3, we need a cable connected from the Raspberry Pi to the VCC port in
relay. A different cable from ground pin of Raspberry Pi to GND port in the relay. For scripting we
connect another cable from BCM pin 17 to INP port in the relay.
We connected raspberry pi to a single relay
were controlling just one
appliance. Hence, we used raspberry pi to
send signal to the relay through the signal
port in the connection header. For the
appliance, we split the wire and connected its
two ends to two of the three open
connections in relay board, one end to the
middle open connection and the other to the
open connection right below. Below is a
labelled diagram of the single relay board we
used for this project
Although we used voice control system to ultimately turn on/off devices, we can type in Python
commands to make this happen.
import RPi GPIO as GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(2, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(2, False)
However, using amazon echo dot (Alexa), we were able to discover raspberry pi as a smart device and
control it through voice command. Raspberry pi after enabling virtualeny was able to listen to Alexa's
commands and turn the relay on/off based on the commands. Turning the relay on closed the circuit for the
fan connected to it eventually turning it on. Likewise, turning the relay off opened the circuit hence turning
the fan off. Also, the led light in the relay works as an indicator as it lights up red if the relay is on.
Conclusion
Through this research, we were able to explore the possibilities of lot in the near future. There are
numbers of ways loT can be implemented today as devices are getting smarter day by day with the
advancements in technology like artificial intelligence, cloud computing, machine learning, Machine to
machine (M2M) etc. However, all devices cannot be connected to a network, and everyone cannot afford
to buy smart appliances, whether that be an alarm clock or a coffee maker. Hence, the approach we made
towards loT focused on enabling control over the devices that cannot be connected to a network, or in
simple words, are not smart. We were able to do so by using raspberry pi as the platform to read listen to
alexa's commands and control the relay connected to it. The voice commands then could turn on/off the
relay further enabling control over the device connected to it. This opens up a broad aspect of loT in the
near future. From the garage door to the heating system of the house, these things can be setup to interact
with each other and automated in order to function without human interference or execution
Size of the Internet of Things market worldwide in 2014 and 2020, by
industry (in billion US dollars)
Configuring Raspberry Pi3
According to GrowthEnbler &
Marketsand Markets analysis, the
global IoT market will grow from
$157 billion in 2016 to $457 billion
by 2020, attaining a Compound
Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of
28.5%. The market share is predicted
to be dominated by Smart Cities
(26%), Industrial IoT (24%) and
Connected Health (20%). Followed
by Smart Homes (14%), Connected
Cars (7%), Smart Utilities (4%) and
Wearables (3%)
One of the most important part in this project was to configure the raspberry pi 3 and enable it to read
Alexa's commands. In order to this, first thing that was needed to be done was enabling WIFI connectivity
and ssh which we did by first installing Raspbian into the SD card and inserting it to raspberry pi.
“Raspbian stretch with desktop" can be found in ip://sw.asphemi. raspbian.
statista
We used a micro SD card reader and plugged the reader into a PC. We then formatted the SD card and
installed Raspbian Jessie With Pixel and Win32 Disk Imager. To install, Win32 Disk Imager is ran, and
Raspbian drive image is selected to be installed on the SD card drive. Then, wpa_supplicant.conf file
needs to be updated with the WIFI name and password, to enable ssh and wifi connectivity. After SD
configuration, it is inserted into the SD adapter in raspberry pi and the raspberry pi is turned on. To check
if the WIFI was enabled, we can do it through command prompt in windows by typing in the command
"arp -a". Any physical address starting with b8-27 would be the one for the raspberry pi and using the
physical address, we can make note of the IP address. Using the ip address in putty, we could ssh into the
raspberry pi and update/upgrade it with the latest packages. For this, the default user id is "pi" and the
default password is “raspberry". As we were able to login, we use itp.gutenb.com/toddmademus echo in
order to enable virtual environment for our Pi3. Once the virtual environment for this project was enabled,
we can run the pi IOT program by running the following code: "sudo python3 RPi_name_port_gpio.py".
References
Brief History
The term Internet of Things was invented in 1999, initially to promote RFID technology. The idea of
connected devices had been around since 70s. However, back then the idea was often called "embedded
internet" or "persuasive computing" The term "Internet of Things" was devised by Kevin Ashton in
1999 during his presentation of RFID technology at Procter & Gamble [2] . Since then different
organizations have proposed various names, some of them are Machine to machine (M2M)
Communication, Web of Things, Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet (of Things), Smart Systems, Pervasive
computing, Intelligent systems
SMK 2 Smart Refriges Using of Thiepilace Research des massTech 2017 www
This the Internet of Thing change the way her workThe Globe and Mail. In 2011 www.theglobe.com.co humbetet
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Kumar, Philip The boy w Big Dee Making the Connection The Huffing Port Thelingo.com. Di, www.ch) 1311
Savisine. Key How to Add Alesa te Ranger Zone lot Dent.com, Sept 2011. dece..wishow
Westerlind Mines, Raja Mus 2014Design Be Madela foto en of Things Tedim Menge
Dular. A Standard, Senad Beints Model Key Challenge for the lo Sumano Mobile views Applications, vol. 1-154.19364354
Changes in preterm births across various years in the state of Minnesota and
Minneapolis
Chimaobi Okakpu
Department, Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7th Avenue South, Moorhead, MN 56563
MOORHEAD
MOORHEAD
M
MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
M
MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
Methods:
Changes in Preters Birth
Obtain dataset from kids
count studio Centre.
ES
YE
R
Figure 3. Relationship in preterm births between Minneapolis and
Minnesota
Background:
The normal period required for the proper
development of a baby in the womb is 40
weeks. This period is known as pregnancy or
gestational period. During this time, the baby
is supplied all the necessary nutrients required
for its growth and development. However, due
to some complications this period is often cut
short causing the baby to be born prematurely.
A premature or preterm birth is a birth which
occurs within less than 37 weeks of pregnancy.
Factors such as high blood pressure, smoking
of tobacco products, pregnancy with multiple
babies, diabetes, and obesity are contributors
to the preterm births. Cardiovascular,
Neurological, respiratory and death often arise
as a consequence of preterm birth. It is
important to observe the trend in our society.
With the amount of information present to us
and our progress in medical technological
advances; it is important to understand the
trend of preterm birth rate across various
years. The data used for this analysis was
obtained from the kids count center made
Data was analyzed using
various packages made
available in R.
Discussion
From the results presented above no constant
decrease in premature births could be
observed. could be derived from . However,
from the graph Figure. 2 the rate of preterm
births increased each year. This might have
been as a result of higher influx in population
in Minneapolis or increase factors causing
preterm birth.
Graphical representation
of Data analysis
References
Results
1. Beckerman, Andrew P., and Owen L. Petchey. Getting Started
with R: an Introduction for Biologists. Oxford University Press,
2017.
2. Preterm Births / KIDS COUNT Data Center.” KIDS COUNT
Data Center: A Project of the Annie E. Casey Foundation,
datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/5173-preterm-
births#detailed/2/any/false/573,868,133,38,35/any/11636,11637.
Minneapolis
720
Minnesota
EN
3. "1998 Minnesota Health Statistics Annual Summary:
Overview-Minnesota Dept. of Health." (2004).
7050
available by the Casey E. Foundation.
2000
6930
Mato
الا الل
ASSO
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank the Anne Casey E. Foundation for their
provision of the preterm data.
I will also like to thank Dr. Chris Merkord for his guidance and
support throughout the period of this project.
SAD
2005
20
2013
Year
2011
2013
Year
2011
Question:
How does premature birthrate change
over the years in the city of
Minneapolis and state Minnesota?
Figure 1 and 2. Showing changes in Preterm births from 2011-2015
T
FORG
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The Effect of EMX2 Deletion on Area patterning with new Foxgl-
IRES-Cre Technology.
MOORHEAD.
Puja Hamal, Jossette Velazquez, Amber Nagengast and Adam Stocker
Department, Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7th Avenue South, Moorhead, MN 56563
MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
Х
Flaxed Emx2
FoxG1-Cre
Emx2
Cre
| Emka
Em2
Cro
Abstract
The neocortex is the largest part of the brain which is organized with
primary sensory areas (somatosensory, visual, motor and auditory);
that are patterned in distinct regions. A critical event during
embryonic development called area patterning is establishing these
distinct patterns. This process is regulated by transcription factors,
such as Emx2. Though understanding of the function of gene is
important, timing is also essential to further understand the early
impact of how Emx2 regulates this developmental process. In the
previous studies, deletion of Emx2 resulted in the alteration of visual
area size. This deletion was carried out by Emxl driven Cre-
recombinase. Our goal is to delete Emx2 gene one day earlier using
Foxgl driven Cre-recombinase, where the Foxgl coding region is
replaced by the Cre gene. However, replacing Foxgl by Cre-
recombinase gene caused the mice to exhibit haploinsufficiency and
overexpression of Cre-activity in many tissue and outside the central
neural tissue. To overcome this, with the help of new Foxgl-IRES-
Cre technology, we can avoid the deletion of Foxgl and delete Emx2
one day earlier than the previously used technology (Kawaguchi et.
al., 2016). This deletion of Emx2 one day earlier could help
understand the impact timing has in development of area patterning.
Introduction
• In embryonic development, many patterning genes are associated
in regionalizing the neocortex such as the transcription factor,
Emx2 (Bishop et. al., 2000).
• Emx2 are involved in area patterning.
• In the previous research deletion of Emx2 using an Emx1 driven
Cre-recombinase resulted in a reduced primary Visual area.
In development, timing is an essential factor. Using Foxgl driven
Cre-recombinase we will delete Emx2 gene at one day earlier
than previous one.
Figure 3. Conditional
gene targeting. The
insertion of loxP sites
around brain-specific
Emx2, allows Foxgl-
IRES-Cre to excise it.
As a result, Emx2 is
deleted.
Brain-specific Emx2 delation
Question
Is Emx2 role more important for area patterning in early
development or later in development?
.
Discussion
Previous research has also used Foxgl-cre recombinase by
using older technology and as such also deleted Foxgl gene
which caused haploinsufficiency. Because when gene is
expressed, it is expressed as right as the brain start developing.
Foxgl-IRES-Cre technology can delete this gene one day
earlier and also eliminate the haploinsufficiency (Kawaguchi
et. al., 2016).
With this technology, we will see the importance of time
course for when it acts,
.
Figure 2.
Mouse brains
collected from
7 day old
animals.
Animals were
anesthetized
and given a
transcardial
perfusion of
formalin prior
to dissection.
Emx2 cKO
.
wt
A
LL
F-M
• In development timing matters. So, if the Emx2 gene is
important later in development for area patterning, then when
we delete earlier, we will not see any difference compared to
previous data. There will be an effect on area patterning but no
difference than the effect observed using Emx1-IRES-Cre.
Whereas, if it is earlier in development then we will see a more
pronounced phenotype.
S1
.
V1
References
Material and methods
Genetically engineered mice- Emx2d/fl x Emx2l+: Foxg1-IRES-Cre;
Em2f1+.
Postnatal day 7, mice brains are is collected and tail biopsies are
done; transcardial perfusions are performed to eventually remove
brains via microdissection.
In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry are used to confirm
if any of the areas in the cortex have changed in size and/or position
due to the Emx2 deletion.
Bishop K., M, Goudreau G, O'Leary 30, 2000. Regulation of area identity in the mammalian neocortex
by Emx2 and Pax6. Science. 288344-349.
Kawaguchi D, Sahara S, Zembrzycki A, O'Leary DDM 2016 Generation and analysis of an improved
TRES-Cre driver mouse line. Dev Biol;412(1):139-47.
D.D.M. and Sahara, S. (2008). Genetic regulation of arealization of the neocortex. Curr Opin.
L18.90-100. doi:10.1016/j.conb. 2008.05.011
Figure 1. Deleting Emx2 utilizing an Emxl driven Cre-
recombinase results in smaller primary visual area (V1),
larger frontal-motor area (F-M), and a posterior shift of the
primary somatosensory area (S1).
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dr. Adam Stocker for advising, instruction and guidance on this research.
M
M
Aquatic Therapy for Individuals with Autism
Erin Ulmer
Speech Language and Hearing Sciences , Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7th Avenue South, Moorhead, MN
NESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
56563
1OORHEAD
MOORHEAD.
MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
U2
U
Water Safety
Speech-Language Therapy in the Aquatic Setting:
What is autism?
"Autism, or autism spectrum disorder, refers to a range of conditions
characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and
nonverbal communication, as well as by unique strengths and differences,"
("What is autism?", 2018)
Affects 1 in 68 children (Alaniz, 2017, p.1)
"Drowning is the number one cause of accidental death in children with Autism Spectrum
Disorder (ASD). Children with ASD can improve their water safety skills after only 8 hours
of intervention in the water
(Alaniz, 2017.p.5)
1. Social Communication
o Fun, safe atmosphere, no pressure to "chat"
o Joint attention. Two people (usually a young child and an adult) use gestures
and gaze to share attention with respect to interesting objects or events
o Following directions
o Routine: visual schedules and numerous opportunities for requesting and
commenting can be implemented before even entering the water like steps for
dressing and undressing while incorporating vocabulary
o Group therapy: natural environment for singing songs and playing games where
an emphasis can be put on tum taking
Why is it difficult for children with autism to learn how to swim?
o Motor learning challenges
o Impaired communication and receptive language skills
o Require more social and emotional support
What does a speech-language pathologist do?
> Assess, diagnose and treat communication disorders
Speech-Language Pathologist Role In Treating Autism In a Traditional Environment
Work with the individual on socials skills and communication
Pay attention
Play with others
Understand gestures
Start a conversation
2. Sensory Integration
o Decreases tactile defensiveness: brain processes tactile input in a way that causes
sensitivity or hypersensitivity to touch and makes a person feel nauseous or even
Aquatic skills that can be taught:
1 Navigate pool by holding onto the wall
2. Blow bubbles on surface
3 Blow bubbles with nose submerged
4. Submerge mouth, nose and eyes
5. Propel self on back from 3 consecuve feet
6. Exit water at the side of the pool
7. Back Boat without physical support
& Assume back Boat
9. Roll front to back
10. Roll back to front
11. Exit water using stairs
12 Exit water using ladder
.
.
.
in pain
> Help your child talk, read, write
Read books
Tell stories
Write words and sentences
o Hydrostatic pressure "pressure of water at chest level provides resistance to
strengthen the diaphragm, a major muscle involved in breathing for specch"
(Shumpert, 2017, p. 1)
• Water gives support to trunk, head and neck which offers better positoning
for jaw and tongue for more intelligible articulation, louder volume and
sustained voicing
•
► Individuals who are non-verbal
Sign language
Computer, tablet
Pictures, photos, objects
3. Motor Skills
o Transdisciplinary Gross motor skills
• Balance muscles can be strengthened while in the water to increase balance
and develop a better range of motion
Transitions to enter and exit pool
.
► Feeding problems
Refusal to try new foods
Refusal to try certain textures
Eats limited number of foods
o Oral motor skills/Speech
• Decreases defensiveness while using molo-kinesthetic manipulation, no
gloves needed because water is safely treated and sanitized
• Develops awareness, strength and mobility of oral muscles
Blow bubbles
Blow ball across water
M
MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
MOORHEAD
A few of many target areas:
1. Social Communication
2. Sensory Integration
3. Motor Skills
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