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48 M Internet of Things (IoT) & Smart Home Automation Ashutosh Sigdel, Prerak Silwal and Saurav G.C. Computer Science, Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7th Avenue South, Moorhead, MN 56563 M MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY MOORHEAD MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY MOORHEAD. Detailed Design and Implementation Abstract: Internet of things is comprised of smart devices interacting with other machines, objects and environment. It is all about adding intelligence to devices and making humans aware of the environment by making meaningful interpretations. Our research is based on building connected home products and enhancing smart home automation. In this project, we are exploiting the customization ability of Raspberry-Pi and Voice control system to communicate with the user. We have explored the future potential of Internet of Things and different ways devices around us can interact to make our day to day life easier Today, with voice commands through Alexa, we are able to control different smart devices connected within a network. The purpose of our research is to explore further possibilities of controlling regular home appliances (those that cannot be connected to internet/network) by connecting them to relay which then connects to raspberry pi. Here, the raspberry pi is configured in order to act as a smart device. In this way, the raspberry pi can be controlled through sending Alexa by sending voice commands to it. Then, the raspberry pi sends signal over to the relay depending on the command Alexa sends. Hence, turning the relay off/on through voice commands enables to control the power going through any general appliance that is connected to it. The code starts the server and raspberry pi starts listening to alexa commands. Now, as the raspberry pi is fully configured as an IOT device, we can give voice commands to Alexa to discover smart devices, and control the device that is found, which in this case will be the raspberry pi 3. The relay connected to berry pi can be turned on or off, which will further control the regular home appliance connected to the relay. For this project, we chose fan as the regular home device and connected it to the relay which was being controlled through raspberry pi listening to commands from alexa. Keywords: Internet of Things, Smart Home Automation, M2M, Raspberry pi, Relay ctrl_interface-DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP-netdev update_config=1 country=US DISPLAY network={ ssid="YOUR SSID" psk="YOUR_PASSWORD" key_mgmt=WPA-PSK } NENE Ratay Driver POWER SUPPLY PUPPLY Using relay to connect the appliance to Pi 3 Introduction "Internet of Things (IoT) as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary(OED) is the interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data. As smartphones, wearable smart gadgets and other wired/wireless products become more ommon, the IoT is becoming more useful and popular. In other words, all objects that can be turned on and off can be connected using the loT [5]. These devices are not only limited to smartphone and home appliances but also include home security systems, medical devices and much more. The increase in popularity of IoT can be accounted to the cheap high-speed internet. Due to the low-priced high-speed internet more people are connected to each other [5]. Hence, due to this rise in connectivity the demand of data is increasing day by day. Moreover, in the present the cost of hardware and software production has decreased. This has given people access to the internet and data at all times and in all places. Required Components: Raspberry Pi 3 • Amazon echo dot or echo Relay Micro SD card and card reader • Breadboard wires Micro USB cable WEITE ty . O Lamps LS Lampe FAN Fig: The basic design of the project board as we In the past decade, IoT has connected billions of devices to the Internet and has gained tremendous popularity due to its potential applications. In general, IoT devices combine sensing, computation, and communication techniques to deliver remote data collection and system control [5]. Majority of devices today contain built in sensors which are connected to an Internet of Things Platform. A platform is a software and hardware, which may include an operating system, storage, computing power, security, development tools, and many other functionalities. These platforms are helpful because they can pinpoint exactly what information is useful and what can safely be ignored [6]. Thus, helping application developers detect patterns and focus on a specific problem they are solving. Raspberry Pi offers a complete Linux server in a tiny platform. It is also fully Android compatible. Raspberry Pi 3 is the latest version and it is the first 64-bit computing board that also comes with built-in Wifi and bluetooth functions. The developers claim that Pi3 delivers an average 50% performance improvement over the Pi2. Raspberry Pi has an excellent programming IDE with GUI. We can connect it to laptop or PC to program it. RaspPi can be used for requirements that need high level of direct connectivity with the internet. Another interesting thing about Raspberry Pi is the GPIO (General Purpose Input-output), which is a low-level interface of self-operated control by input-output ports. Raspberry Pi has a 40-pin connector that supports this. Circuit Design In order to connect raspberry pi to the relay we need three female to female breadboard wires. There are three pins on the relay, the first one is negative, the middle one is positive and the third one is for signal. The minus wire connects to the ground which is pin 6 on the board. The pin 6 on the pi board is ground. The positive wire on the relay connects to the 5 volt power on the pi board (number 4 on the figure). The signal wire from the relay connects to GPIO4 on the pi board. On the female to female breadboard wire, connect the black wire to negative, white to positive and gray to the signal. Now, to connect the two components together, on the other end of the wires connect black (ground) to pin3 also labeled as GPIO2, power to the pin 4 (5V PWR) and the last wore to pin 7 (GPIO 4). The relay can be connected to additional devices which can in turn be controlled by Alexa. However, the GPIO pin in the pi board is not suitable for handling high voltage current. So, you might need additional relays to connect more loads to the pi board. Data collection is an important aspect of Internet of Things. On a larger scale it is used by navigation apps like Waze, Google Maps, and Beat that collects data from millions of cars connected to the GPS and information about heavy traffic and is able to suggest the best route for you. It is also used in home appliances to collect data related to you. Smart objects are able to aggregate and access the data they collect. For example a smart refrigerators use load cell sensors to collect information on different items in your fridge and then notifies the user of about any scarce products. Relay Switch is similar to normal switch but it operates using an electrical source, in our case, Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pi we use cannot turn the device on by itself, so we use a relay switch to break the circuit in order to turn off the home appliance connected to it and connect the circuit to turn on the device. Electrical magnet that is in the middle of the switch controls turning on or off the device. Relays are suitable for driving high power electrical equipment such as light bulbs, motors, etc. Raspberry Pi can be connected to the Relay using jumper cables. For simplicity, we used the recommended red for positive and black for negative. In raspberry Pi 3, we need a cable connected from the Raspberry Pi to the VCC port in relay. A different cable from ground pin of Raspberry Pi to GND port in the relay. For scripting we connect another cable from BCM pin 17 to INP port in the relay. We connected raspberry pi to a single relay were controlling just one appliance. Hence, we used raspberry pi to send signal to the relay through the signal port in the connection header. For the appliance, we split the wire and connected its two ends to two of the three open connections in relay board, one end to the middle open connection and the other to the open connection right below. Below is a labelled diagram of the single relay board we used for this project Although we used voice control system to ultimately turn on/off devices, we can type in Python commands to make this happen. import RPi GPIO as GPIO GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM) GPIO.setup(2, GPIO.OUT) GPIO.output(2, False) However, using amazon echo dot (Alexa), we were able to discover raspberry pi as a smart device and control it through voice command. Raspberry pi after enabling virtualeny was able to listen to Alexa's commands and turn the relay on/off based on the commands. Turning the relay on closed the circuit for the fan connected to it eventually turning it on. Likewise, turning the relay off opened the circuit hence turning the fan off. Also, the led light in the relay works as an indicator as it lights up red if the relay is on. Conclusion Through this research, we were able to explore the possibilities of lot in the near future. There are numbers of ways loT can be implemented today as devices are getting smarter day by day with the advancements in technology like artificial intelligence, cloud computing, machine learning, Machine to machine (M2M) etc. However, all devices cannot be connected to a network, and everyone cannot afford to buy smart appliances, whether that be an alarm clock or a coffee maker. Hence, the approach we made towards loT focused on enabling control over the devices that cannot be connected to a network, or in simple words, are not smart. We were able to do so by using raspberry pi as the platform to read listen to alexa's commands and control the relay connected to it. The voice commands then could turn on/off the relay further enabling control over the device connected to it. This opens up a broad aspect of loT in the near future. From the garage door to the heating system of the house, these things can be setup to interact with each other and automated in order to function without human interference or execution Size of the Internet of Things market worldwide in 2014 and 2020, by industry (in billion US dollars) Configuring Raspberry Pi3 According to GrowthEnbler & Marketsand Markets analysis, the global IoT market will grow from $157 billion in 2016 to $457 billion by 2020, attaining a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 28.5%. The market share is predicted to be dominated by Smart Cities (26%), Industrial IoT (24%) and Connected Health (20%). Followed by Smart Homes (14%), Connected Cars (7%), Smart Utilities (4%) and Wearables (3%) One of the most important part in this project was to configure the raspberry pi 3 and enable it to read Alexa's commands. In order to this, first thing that was needed to be done was enabling WIFI connectivity and ssh which we did by first installing Raspbian into the SD card and inserting it to raspberry pi. “Raspbian stretch with desktop" can be found in ip://sw.asphemi. raspbian. statista We used a micro SD card reader and plugged the reader into a PC. We then formatted the SD card and installed Raspbian Jessie With Pixel and Win32 Disk Imager. To install, Win32 Disk Imager is ran, and Raspbian drive image is selected to be installed on the SD card drive. Then, wpa_supplicant.conf file needs to be updated with the WIFI name and password, to enable ssh and wifi connectivity. After SD configuration, it is inserted into the SD adapter in raspberry pi and the raspberry pi is turned on. To check if the WIFI was enabled, we can do it through command prompt in windows by typing in the command "arp -a". Any physical address starting with b8-27 would be the one for the raspberry pi and using the physical address, we can make note of the IP address. Using the ip address in putty, we could ssh into the raspberry pi and update/upgrade it with the latest packages. For this, the default user id is "pi" and the default password is “raspberry". As we were able to login, we use itp.gutenb.com/toddmademus echo in order to enable virtual environment for our Pi3. Once the virtual environment for this project was enabled, we can run the pi IOT program by running the following code: "sudo python3 RPi_name_port_gpio.py". References Brief History The term Internet of Things was invented in 1999, initially to promote RFID technology. The idea of connected devices had been around since 70s. However, back then the idea was often called "embedded internet" or "persuasive computing" The term "Internet of Things" was devised by Kevin Ashton in 1999 during his presentation of RFID technology at Procter & Gamble [2] . Since then different organizations have proposed various names, some of them are Machine to machine (M2M) Communication, Web of Things, Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet (of Things), Smart Systems, Pervasive computing, Intelligent systems SMK 2 Smart Refriges Using of Thiepilace Research des massTech 2017 www This the Internet of Thing change the way her workThe Globe and Mail. In 2011 www.theglobe.com.co humbetet da od the Intel Things Two die of bem SAS, www.cross weight wichtig big Kumar, Philip The boy w Big Dee Making the Connection The Huffing Port Thelingo.com. Di, www.ch) 1311 Savisine. Key How to Add Alesa te Ranger Zone lot Dent.com, Sept 2011. dece..wishow Westerlind Mines, Raja Mus 2014Design Be Madela foto en of Things Tedim Menge Dular. A Standard, Senad Beints Model Key Challenge for the lo Sumano Mobile views Applications, vol. 1-154.19364354 Changes in preterm births across various years in the state of Minnesota and Minneapolis Chimaobi Okakpu Department, Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7th Avenue South, Moorhead, MN 56563 MOORHEAD MOORHEAD M MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY M MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY Methods: Changes in Preters Birth Obtain dataset from kids count studio Centre. ES YE R Figure 3. Relationship in preterm births between Minneapolis and Minnesota Background: The normal period required for the proper development of a baby in the womb is 40 weeks. This period is known as pregnancy or gestational period. During this time, the baby is supplied all the necessary nutrients required for its growth and development. However, due to some complications this period is often cut short causing the baby to be born prematurely. A premature or preterm birth is a birth which occurs within less than 37 weeks of pregnancy. Factors such as high blood pressure, smoking of tobacco products, pregnancy with multiple babies, diabetes, and obesity are contributors to the preterm births. Cardiovascular, Neurological, respiratory and death often arise as a consequence of preterm birth. It is important to observe the trend in our society. With the amount of information present to us and our progress in medical technological advances; it is important to understand the trend of preterm birth rate across various years. The data used for this analysis was obtained from the kids count center made Data was analyzed using various packages made available in R. Discussion From the results presented above no constant decrease in premature births could be observed. could be derived from . However, from the graph Figure. 2 the rate of preterm births increased each year. This might have been as a result of higher influx in population in Minneapolis or increase factors causing preterm birth. Graphical representation of Data analysis References Results 1. Beckerman, Andrew P., and Owen L. Petchey. Getting Started with R: an Introduction for Biologists. Oxford University Press, 2017. 2. Preterm Births / KIDS COUNT Data Center.” KIDS COUNT Data Center: A Project of the Annie E. Casey Foundation, datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/5173-preterm- births#detailed/2/any/false/573,868,133,38,35/any/11636,11637. Minneapolis 720 Minnesota EN 3. "1998 Minnesota Health Statistics Annual Summary: Overview-Minnesota Dept. of Health." (2004). 7050 available by the Casey E. Foundation. 2000 6930 Mato الا الل ASSO Acknowledgement I would like to thank the Anne Casey E. Foundation for their provision of the preterm data. I will also like to thank Dr. Chris Merkord for his guidance and support throughout the period of this project. SAD 2005 20 2013 Year 2011 2013 Year 2011 Question: How does premature birthrate change over the years in the city of Minneapolis and state Minnesota? Figure 1 and 2. Showing changes in Preterm births from 2011-2015 T FORG M The Effect of EMX2 Deletion on Area patterning with new Foxgl- IRES-Cre Technology. MOORHEAD. Puja Hamal, Jossette Velazquez, Amber Nagengast and Adam Stocker Department, Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7th Avenue South, Moorhead, MN 56563 MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY Х Flaxed Emx2 FoxG1-Cre Emx2 Cre | Emka Em2 Cro Abstract The neocortex is the largest part of the brain which is organized with primary sensory areas (somatosensory, visual, motor and auditory); that are patterned in distinct regions. A critical event during embryonic development called area patterning is establishing these distinct patterns. This process is regulated by transcription factors, such as Emx2. Though understanding of the function of gene is important, timing is also essential to further understand the early impact of how Emx2 regulates this developmental process. In the previous studies, deletion of Emx2 resulted in the alteration of visual area size. This deletion was carried out by Emxl driven Cre- recombinase. Our goal is to delete Emx2 gene one day earlier using Foxgl driven Cre-recombinase, where the Foxgl coding region is replaced by the Cre gene. However, replacing Foxgl by Cre- recombinase gene caused the mice to exhibit haploinsufficiency and overexpression of Cre-activity in many tissue and outside the central neural tissue. To overcome this, with the help of new Foxgl-IRES- Cre technology, we can avoid the deletion of Foxgl and delete Emx2 one day earlier than the previously used technology (Kawaguchi et. al., 2016). This deletion of Emx2 one day earlier could help understand the impact timing has in development of area patterning. Introduction • In embryonic development, many patterning genes are associated in regionalizing the neocortex such as the transcription factor, Emx2 (Bishop et. al., 2000). • Emx2 are involved in area patterning. • In the previous research deletion of Emx2 using an Emx1 driven Cre-recombinase resulted in a reduced primary Visual area. In development, timing is an essential factor. Using Foxgl driven Cre-recombinase we will delete Emx2 gene at one day earlier than previous one. Figure 3. Conditional gene targeting. The insertion of loxP sites around brain-specific Emx2, allows Foxgl- IRES-Cre to excise it. As a result, Emx2 is deleted. Brain-specific Emx2 delation Question Is Emx2 role more important for area patterning in early development or later in development? . Discussion Previous research has also used Foxgl-cre recombinase by using older technology and as such also deleted Foxgl gene which caused haploinsufficiency. Because when gene is expressed, it is expressed as right as the brain start developing. Foxgl-IRES-Cre technology can delete this gene one day earlier and also eliminate the haploinsufficiency (Kawaguchi et. al., 2016). With this technology, we will see the importance of time course for when it acts, . Figure 2. Mouse brains collected from 7 day old animals. Animals were anesthetized and given a transcardial perfusion of formalin prior to dissection. Emx2 cKO . wt A LL F-M • In development timing matters. So, if the Emx2 gene is important later in development for area patterning, then when we delete earlier, we will not see any difference compared to previous data. There will be an effect on area patterning but no difference than the effect observed using Emx1-IRES-Cre. Whereas, if it is earlier in development then we will see a more pronounced phenotype. S1 . V1 References Material and methods Genetically engineered mice- Emx2d/fl x Emx2l+: Foxg1-IRES-Cre; Em2f1+. Postnatal day 7, mice brains are is collected and tail biopsies are done; transcardial perfusions are performed to eventually remove brains via microdissection. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry are used to confirm if any of the areas in the cortex have changed in size and/or position due to the Emx2 deletion. Bishop K., M, Goudreau G, O'Leary 30, 2000. Regulation of area identity in the mammalian neocortex by Emx2 and Pax6. Science. 288344-349. Kawaguchi D, Sahara S, Zembrzycki A, O'Leary DDM 2016 Generation and analysis of an improved TRES-Cre driver mouse line. Dev Biol;412(1):139-47. D.D.M. and Sahara, S. (2008). Genetic regulation of arealization of the neocortex. Curr Opin. L18.90-100. doi:10.1016/j.conb. 2008.05.011 Figure 1. Deleting Emx2 utilizing an Emxl driven Cre- recombinase results in smaller primary visual area (V1), larger frontal-motor area (F-M), and a posterior shift of the primary somatosensory area (S1). Acknowledgments We would like to thank Dr. Adam Stocker for advising, instruction and guidance on this research. M M Aquatic Therapy for Individuals with Autism Erin Ulmer Speech Language and Hearing Sciences , Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7th Avenue South, Moorhead, MN NESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY 56563 1OORHEAD MOORHEAD. MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY U2 U Water Safety Speech-Language Therapy in the Aquatic Setting: What is autism? "Autism, or autism spectrum disorder, refers to a range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication, as well as by unique strengths and differences," ("What is autism?", 2018) Affects 1 in 68 children (Alaniz, 2017, p.1) "Drowning is the number one cause of accidental death in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Children with ASD can improve their water safety skills after only 8 hours of intervention in the water (Alaniz, 2017.p.5) 1. Social Communication o Fun, safe atmosphere, no pressure to "chat" o Joint attention. Two people (usually a young child and an adult) use gestures and gaze to share attention with respect to interesting objects or events o Following directions o Routine: visual schedules and numerous opportunities for requesting and commenting can be implemented before even entering the water like steps for dressing and undressing while incorporating vocabulary o Group therapy: natural environment for singing songs and playing games where an emphasis can be put on tum taking Why is it difficult for children with autism to learn how to swim? o Motor learning challenges o Impaired communication and receptive language skills o Require more social and emotional support What does a speech-language pathologist do? > Assess, diagnose and treat communication disorders Speech-Language Pathologist Role In Treating Autism In a Traditional Environment Work with the individual on socials skills and communication Pay attention Play with others Understand gestures Start a conversation 2. Sensory Integration o Decreases tactile defensiveness: brain processes tactile input in a way that causes sensitivity or hypersensitivity to touch and makes a person feel nauseous or even Aquatic skills that can be taught: 1 Navigate pool by holding onto the wall 2. Blow bubbles on surface 3 Blow bubbles with nose submerged 4. Submerge mouth, nose and eyes 5. Propel self on back from 3 consecuve feet 6. Exit water at the side of the pool 7. Back Boat without physical support & Assume back Boat 9. Roll front to back 10. Roll back to front 11. Exit water using stairs 12 Exit water using ladder . . . in pain > Help your child talk, read, write Read books Tell stories Write words and sentences o Hydrostatic pressure "pressure of water at chest level provides resistance to strengthen the diaphragm, a major muscle involved in breathing for specch" (Shumpert, 2017, p. 1) • Water gives support to trunk, head and neck which offers better positoning for jaw and tongue for more intelligible articulation, louder volume and sustained voicing • ► Individuals who are non-verbal Sign language Computer, tablet Pictures, photos, objects 3. Motor Skills o Transdisciplinary Gross motor skills • Balance muscles can be strengthened while in the water to increase balance and develop a better range of motion Transitions to enter and exit pool . ► Feeding problems Refusal to try new foods Refusal to try certain textures Eats limited number of foods o Oral motor skills/Speech • Decreases defensiveness while using molo-kinesthetic manipulation, no gloves needed because water is safely treated and sanitized • Develops awareness, strength and mobility of oral muscles Blow bubbles Blow ball across water M MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY MOORHEAD A few of many target areas: 1. Social Communication 2. Sensory Integration 3. Motor Skills
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