Attached.

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Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course
Date
Indian Muslims Migration from Rural to Urban and Effects
A census conducted in 2011 in India shows that except the Sikhs, all other religious
minorities in the country are concentrated in urban areas than in rural areas (Peer 2). With such a
mass movement, the need to examine the causes of the movement is very significant. The
following articles: “In India's Largest Muslim Ghetto” by Basharat Peer, “Social Conflict and the
Neoliberal City: A Case of Hindu–Muslim Violence in India” by Ipsita Chatterjee, “Segregation,
Polarization, and Ethnic Conflict” by Marko Klašnja and Nova Natalija, “Muslims in Indian
Cities: Degrees of Segregation and the Elusive Ghetto” by Raphael Susewind, and “HinduMuslim Conflict in India” by Fred de Sam Lazaro, have however articulated clearly what is
causing rural-urban migration. These articles share the idea that Muslims have faced religious
persecution in India for quite a long time. Consequently, the rise in urban settlements dominated
by Muslims motivated other Muslims living in rural areas to move to the urban settlements. This
research aims to critically examine some of the causes of Indian Muslims' migration from rural
to urban areas and the effects of the immigration.
Causes of Migration of Muslims
Religious violence in India has existed for a long time now, and it has mostly targeted
other religions. Violence against Muslims in India has recently escalated since it started during
the partitioning of India in 1947. This violence against Muslims is characterized mainly by an
attack on Muslims by the Hindu mobs. They often carry out the attacks sporadically, and this has

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led to massive loss of lives of individuals. Most of these incidences have happened in the
northern and the western regions of India. Some of the significant incidences are the Calcutta
killings of 1946, the Bihar and Garmukhteshwar killings, the massacre of Muslims in 1947 at
Jammu, the 2002 riots in Gujarat and Muzaffarnagar riots in 2013. These are just but a few
selected significant events of mass killing o...