36. The following is a quote take from Plato’s Allegory of the Cave: “The visible realm should be likened to the prison dwelling, and the light of the fire inside it to the power of the sun. And if you interpret the upward journey and the study of things above as the upward journey of the soul to the intelligible realm, you’ll grasp what I hope to convey, since that is what you wanted to hear about. Whether it’s true or not, only the god knows. But this is how I see it: In the knowable realm, the form of the good is the last thing to be seen, and it is reached only with difficulty.” Please explain how Plato’s use of this allegory relates personally to your moral philosophy of life, and perhaps how your perspective regarding a moral belief has changed, or not changed, as you have matured.37. The following is a quote from Alfred Ayer’s Language, Truth and Logic, 2nd ed.:“We can now see why it is impossible to find a criterion for determining the validity of ethical judgements. It is not because they have an “absolute” validity which is mysteriously independent of ordinary sense experience, but because they have no objective validity whatsoever.”Ayer was an emotivist, one who believed that moral statements were neither true nor false, but simply expressions of feeling, meaningless. In what way(s) does/(do) his words reflect his moral philosophy?PART IV (10 points each)38. Four components of moral behavior identified by psychologist James Best are moral sensitivity, moral reasoning, moral motivation, and moral character. What does he mean by these terms? Please share an incident in your life where your moral character was shaped by your progression through these stages.39. Do you think the Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King Jr. was a heteronomous moral agent or an autonomous moral agent? Please give four SPECIFIC HISTORICAL examples from his life supporting your conclusion. What effect does his Letter from a Birmingham Jail have on your conclusion? Is there an application which connects with the present social unrest?

You are the evening shift charge nurse of the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).  You have just admitted a 32-year-old woman who 2 hours ago was thrown from a Jeep in which she was a passenger.  She was rushed to the emergency department and subsequently to surgery, where cranial burr holes were completed and an intracranial monitor was placed.  No further cranial exploration was attempted because the patient sustained extensive and massive neurologic damage. She will probably not survive your shift.  The plan is to hold her in the PACU for 1 hour and, if she is till alive, transfer her to the intensive care unit (ICU).        Shortly after receiving the patent, you are approached by the evening house supervisor, who says that the patient's sister is pleading to be allowed into the PACU.  Normally, visitors are not allowed into the PACU when patients are being held there only temporarily, but occasionally exceptions are made.  Tonight, the PACU is empty except for this patient.  You decide to ben the rules and allow the young woman's sister to come in.  The visiting sister is near collapse; it is obvious that she had been the driver of the Jeep.  As the visitor continues to speak to the comatose patient, her behavior and words make you begin to wonder if she is indeed the sister.     Within 15 minutes, the house supervisor return and states, "I have made a terrible mistake.  The patient's family just arrived, and they say that the visitor we just allowed into the PACU is not a member of the family, but it's the patient's lover.  They are very angry and demand that this woman not be allowed to see the patient.      You approach the visitor and confront her in a kindly manner regarding the information that you have just received.  She looks at you with tears streaming down her face ans says, "Yes, it is true.  Mary and I have been together for 6 years.  Her family disowned her because of it, but we were everything to each other.  She has been my life, and I have been hers.  Please, please let me stay.  I will never see her again.  I know the family will not allow me to attend the funeral.  I need to say my goodbyes.  Please let me stay.  It is not fair that they have the legal right to be family when I have been the one to love and care for Mary." Instructions: You must decide what to do.  Recognize that your own value system will play a part in your decision.  List several alternatives that are available to you. Identify which ethical frameworks or principles most affected your decision making.   Decide whether this could cause you "moral distress" if you were the nurse taking care of this patient.  Elaborate on why this is the case...