PHL1010 Columbia Southern Unit IV Becoming a Good Thinker Paper

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PHL1010

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Unit IVAssignment Becoming a Good Thinker

The goal of this assignment is to progress as a questioner and, therefore, as a thinker. For this assignment, select an important problem faced by society today (e.g., income inequality, gun violence, online privacy), and construct three questions that will result in critical thinking using the assignment template.

In the template, under the first column, provide your own original questions related to your chosen important problem.

In the second column, identify the domain of thinking.

Examples of these can be found on pages 139–140 of your textbook.

In the third column, list the intellectual standards and element of thought that relates to your question. Briefly explain why the question is important in this context (i.e., the elements of thought or reasoning that led you to this thinking).

The eight elements of thought can be found beginning on page 62 of your textbook.

The intellectual standards are on page 58 of your textbook and are defined on page 103.

In the fourth column, label your question as fact, preference, or judgment. This information can be located on pages 126–127 of your textbook.

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Name: Important Problem: Example Important Problem: Ocean Pollution Critical Thinking Question Domain of Thinking Example: What is the leading cause of pollution in the world’s oceans and its impact on ocean life? Ecology 1. 2. 3. Intellectual Standard/Element of Thought The intellectual standard related to this question is clarity because in order to understand why the oceans are polluted, it is important to be specific about what is polluting them. The element of thought would be information since the data and facts of what causes ocean pollution would lead to further ecological questions about when enough data is understood, and the goal of cleaning them up can be formed. Fact, Preference, or Judgement Fact CHAPTER 6 138 Focus Your Questions on Prior Questions disciplining our thinking is to construct prior questions questions we nee or Whenever we are dealing with complex questions, another tool that is useful question, "What is multiculturalism?” we should be able first to settle the question to answer before we can answer a more complex question. Hence, to answer the the factors about a person that determine what culture he or she belongs to? When "What is culture?" To settle that question, we should settle the question, "What are you learn to formulate and pursue prior questions, you have another important To construct a list of prior questions, simply write down the main question you are going to focus your discussion and then formulate as many questions as you can think of that you would have to answer before you could answer the first. Then determine from this list what question you would have to P After in lig "idea" you can use to develop your ability to learn in any context. answer to answer these questions . Continue following the same procedure for As you construct your list, keep your attention focused on the first question Foct When of the think an ec cal, e dime force ing ques on the list as well as on the last. If you do this well , you should end up with a lie of questions that probe the logic of the first question. As an example of how to construct logically prior questions, consider this list of questions we would need to answer to address the larger question, "What is history?" What do historians write about? What is "the past”? • Is it possible to include all of the past in a history book? . How many of the events during a given time period are left out in a history of that time period? Is more left out than is included? How does a historian know what to emphasize? Do historians make value judgments in deciding what to include and what to leave out? illeg hav tion 1. 2 Is it possible simply to list facts in a history book, or does all history writing involve interpretations as well as facts? • Is it possible to decide what to include and exclude and how to interpret facts without adopting a historical point of view? How can we begin to judge a historical interpretation? How can we begin to judge a historical point of view? When The best questions are those that keep us focused on achieving our most whenever you need to answer a complicated question. You will notice you significant goals and purposes. you have e practiced formulating prior questions to complex ques- tions, you will begin to develop a Socratic questioning tool you can use mind coming up with questions that are inherent in other questions. You are unpacking questions to answer them better. You should also then begin to recognize when others are failing to consider the complexities in a question ASK QUESTIONS THAT LEAD to Goo THINKING 139 in d F 6.9 Think for Yourself CONSTRUCTING A LIST OF PRIOR QUESTIONS ormulate a complex question to which you would like to find an answer. Then use the in light of the prior questions you formulated. Afterward. see if you have gained insight into how the first question has to be thought through procedure of constructing prior questions until you have a list of at least 10 questions. t Focus Your Questions on Domains of Thinking of thought, you can target your prior questions by figuring out the domains of thinking inherent in the question. Does the complex question, for example, include dimension of thinking inherent in the question, you can formulate questions that cal, ethical, psychological, religious, historical, or some other dimension? For each an economic dimension? Does it include a biological, sociological, cultural, politi- force you to consider complexities you otherwise may miss. Consider the follow- questions imbedded in those domains. ing question, some of the domains imbedded in the question, and some of the Complex question: What can be done about the number of people who abuse Domains inherent in the question, along with some questions we would have to address within each domain before we could answer our complex ques- illegal drugs? tion, are: 1. Economic What economic forces support drug use? • What can be done to minimize the influence of money involved in drug sales? 2. Political • What possible solutions to drug abuse are politically unacceptable? • Are there any realistic solutions that the power structure would accept? To what extent does the political structure exacerbate the problem? 3. Social/Sociological • What social structures and practices support drug abuse? How does gang membership contribute to drug abuse? " How does membership within any group contribute to the problem or, conversely, insulate group members from abusing drugs? 4. Psychological How do factors such as stress, individual personality differences, and childhood traumas support drug abuse? What role, if any, does human irrationality play in drug abuse? 62 CHAPTER 4 EXHIBIT 4.4 All thinking is defined by the eight elements that comprise it. Eight basic structures are present in all thinking: Whenever we think, we think for a purpose within a and theories to interpret data, facts, and experiences to answer questions, solve problems, and resolve point of view based on assumptions leading to implications and consequences. We use concepts, ideas to defend pleasant out what these dec In sa CONTEX Thinking, then: CONTEXT generates purposes raises questions world, the values o we act, e thinking about, after in the level Ву compre some a We ofte For exa philoso or secu Point of View Purpose frames of reference, goal, perspective, objective, orientations function world view Implications and consequences that which follows logically, effects ELEMENTS OF Assumptions THOUGHT presuppositions, axioms, taking for granted uses information Question at issue problem, issue uses concepts or bot makes inferences Information data, facts, reasons observations, experiences reasons (what under BY which examp impor makes assumptions or the generates implications Concepts theories, definitions, laws, principles, models Interpretation and inference conclusions, solutions embodies a point of view CONTEXT CONTEXT other other discip techn conce mako strike wen rules face Let us now examine, at least provisionally, each of these crucial concepts . will be using them throughout this book, so it is essential for them to becom a comfortable part of your own critical thinking vocabulary. As you read the initial explanations, see whether you can elaborate upon them in your own won with an example drawn from your own experience. By reasoning, we mean to make sense of something by giving it some medias in one's mind. Virtually all thinking is part of our sense-making activities. We ha scratching at the door and think, "It's the dog." We see dark clouds in the skran For example, all the sights and sounds about me have meaning for me think, "It looks like rain." Some of this activity operates at a subconscious leve my explicitly noticing that they do. Most of our reasoning is unspectacular The "W sol wel and we
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Name:
Important Problem: Terrorism
Critical Thinking Question

Domain of
Thinking

1. What are the causes of
terrorism and what are the main
reason why terror attacks are
becoming very rampant...


Anonymous
I was having a hard time with this subject, and this was a great help.

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