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Explanation & Answer
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Running head: SOCIOLOGY
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Sociology
Student’s name
Institution’s name
SOCIOLOGY
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Question 1
Sociological research
Sociological research is the method used by sociologists to study the human society. The
research is comprised of several steps. The first stage is a research topic choice. A researcher
chooses a topic from the million available research topics. The researcher has to choose a topic
based on their theoretical interests and personal experiences. For example, the researcher could
have an interest in social policy. They could, therefore, decide to choose a topic that studies poverty
and the effect it has on individual’s health or education. The second step is conducting a literature
review (Denzin, 2017). This stage involves the research reading articles which have already been
published about his topic of interest. The literature review helps the researcher determine the part
of the topic which has not been clearly analyzed. This way he can be able to pay much attention
to that specific part. It also helps him to determine the methods which were used by other
researchers to collect data. This saves time as the methods have been proved effective. The
literature review enables the researcher to make recommendations on parts which have not been
clearly elaborated for other researchers to find.
The third step is the formulation of hypothesis. Hypothesis defines the relationship between
variables and unit of analysis that the researcher is studying. The most common unit in sociology
is people. The most common variables are gender, race, and ethnicity. The next step is to measure
variables and gather data. This stage involves the sociologist going to the field to collect actual
data. The data collected is either quantitative or qualitative in nature. The method of data collection
can be the use of questionnaires or interviews. Measuring variables involve the use of clear and
non-ambiguous questions. After data has been collected, the next step is to sample the data. For
SOCIOLOGY
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example, a person who is studying about people has to define which category of people he is
studying. This is because it is almost impossible to study about everyone. The last step is the data
analysis. This stage involves the use of statistical analysis software packages such as SPSS to
analyze data. For qualitative data, data is analyzed using qualitative analysis software to discover
significant themes and patterns from the data they have collected. Data analysis should be as
accurate as possible. Through the analysis, a researcher is able to determine if their findings
support their formulated hypothesis.
Significance of the Scientific Method
The scientific method is important in sociological research. It provides a systematic
approach for researching questions objectively and accurately. This is because it provides an
accurate observation, collection, and analysis of data. Scientific research ensures research validity,
reliability, and generalizability. By validity, it ensures the tools, processes and collected data is
valid. For example, ensuring the research questions are valid, the methodology for data collection
and design is valid. It also ensures the sampling and data analysis procedures are appropriate.
Reliability is achieved through consistency in research. Reliability ensures the truthfulness of data
through replicability of the processes and results. The scientific approach enables systematic
sampling...