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5.1.1 Energy performance of HCT Green-Nest according to LEED 2009 (V3): HCT Eco-house has achieved excellent energy efficiency criteria. As table 10 shows, HCT GreenNest was evaluated according to LEED rating system. It got 7 points (excellent) in using renewable energy because it exceeded 13% of using renewable energy. This high performance was achieved due to the use of solar panels which covered 100% of energy needs. In addition, it got 19 points (excellent) in the criterion of optimizing energy performance because it implemented some technologies that reduced the demand of energy as mentioned before Moreover, the refrigerant management was enhanced through using the Variable Refrigerant Flow System because of that, it was rated to get 2 points (good). The criterion of enhanced commissioning was not rated high because HCT Eco-house's performance is quite weak in this area. Table10: Energy performance of HCT Green-Nest according to LEED 2009 (V3). Energy Efficiency - LEED 2009 (V3) Criteria Points HCT GreenNest Rating On-site Renewable Energy • • • • • • • 1% of using renewable energy. 3% of using renewable energy. 5% of using renewable energy. 7% of using renewable energy. 9% of using renewable energy. 11% of using renewable energy. More than 13% of using renewable energy. 1 Point 2 Points 3 Points 4 Points 5 Points 6 Points 7 Points ✓ Enhanced Commissioning 2 points - Optimize Energy Performance 19 Points ✓ Enhanced Refrigerant Management 2 Points ✓ 5.1.2 Energy performance of HCT Green-Nest according to BREEAM: According to BREEAM rating system, criteria of energy efficiency of HCT Eco-house was evaluated as shown in table 11. In reduction of energy use and carbon emission criterion, it got 12 credits (excellent) for the reason of using energy efficient equipment (A++) and low emission appliances. HCT Eco-house got 2 credits (good) in energy monitoring criterion due to the HCT Eco-house's efficient monitoring of energy. In addition, the criterion of energy efficient cold storage got 2 credits (good) as a result of using Variable Refrigerant Flow System (VRF) which is characterized by sustainable features as mentioned before Table11: Energy performance of HCT Green-Nest according to BREEAM. Energy Efficiency - BREEAM Criteria Credits HCT Green-Nest Rating ✓ Reduction of Energy Use and Carbon Emissions 12 Credits External Lighting 1 Credit Energy Monitoring 2 Credits ✓ Energy Efficient Cold Storage 2 Credits ✓ - 1.2 Water efficiency Table 12: HCT Eco-house – water efficiency technology (HCT 2015) Criteria Innovative wastewater Technology used Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology. Benefits ▪ Cleaning 98% of wastewater in 6 hours. technology 1. Sequencing batch reactors: The HCT Green-Nest greywater system is working on a process to collect and filter the used water from shower, sinks, lavatory, laundry, and car washing water. to confirm the quality of the water released, an industrial grade filter used, and the treated water will be used for watering plants (HCT. 2015). SBRs or Sequencing batch reactors use an isolated pre-treatment unit to stop and hold the sold matter and biological aeration with settling tank. The small wastewater treatment systems are completing cleaning the incoming water up to 98%, with respect for Aquato system and Klaro E Professional (GRAF. 2018) (HCT. 2015). The most significant benefit of SBR is equalization, primary clarification and secondary clarification, with biological treatment can be achieved in only one reactor, moreover, easy to control and high flexibility operating, minimal footprint, and of course, saving the costs by excluding clarifiers and other apparatus. As usual, everything has disadvantages, and SBR technology may has a higher level of preservation related to conventional systems associated with advanced controls, automatic valves, and automatic switches, with the higher level of advanced technologies required compared to other systems, especially for large buildings. Also, a potential of discharging settled sludge or floating through decant stage with some SBR arrangements, and potential aeration devices plugging during particular operational cycles, considering the aeration system which used by the industrialist (EPA. 1999). 2. Watering system: since the houses especially in Oman have large gardens and areas, a watering system is a great technology to use, while keeping in mind the water outcoming from the SBR technology. The various drip nozzles and micro spray together with the water coming from graywater system, guarantee best distribution of water to provide separately each plant with accurate volume of water needed, plus, water timer control which represents efficient and intelligent watering technology. The timer works on scheduled plan according to the water requirement of the plants, this avoids duplicating the water needed per day or not watering at all. The technology places a huge importance on the careful collection of materials. Taking care to warrant ecological compatibility and avoid the using of substance like phthalate and metals which effect on the environment and health. The system gears itself accurately towards the requirements of your flowers, vegetable, hedges and bushes. The water provided is exact zones that need it, without waste, resulting it both ecologically friendly and economical for you, which will save your money (HCT. 2015; Karcher 2015). 3. Natural water-filtering of plants: there are several innovative technologies can be used beside SBR technology, which is the only used in HCT Green-Nest house. Natural water-filtering of plants, it is a form of bioremediation, which a number of scientists, engineers, and ecologists have learned to use for largeescale filtration of polluted water. ecologist John Todd developed consolidated environmental systems which treat sewage and wastewater by fungi, natural aquatic plants, and other organisms. These basically have been used in commercial scale operation, however, ecologists and studies show that this technology may be used for residents in the next few years. As the technology uses natural plants for filtering the water, this will reduce the cost of developing the efficiency of water, moreover, the technology from the environment to the environment which highly saves the ecological system, on the other side, it has very good acceptance from the community especially for the people works truly hard to reduce the use of fresh water (Rich S. 2014). 1.2.1 Water performance of HCT Green-Nest according to LEED 2009 As shown in the table below, according to LEED standards, if the innovative wastewater technology -SBR in our case- treats around 50% of the wastewater released and reducing the use of potable water by 50%, gets 2 points. Well, SBR system in HCT Green-Nest building has high percentage of treated water comparing to other technologies, with 98% treated water, which is almost double the value given in the standards. Thus, the greywater system in HCT Green-Nest takes 4 points. Table13: Water performance of HCT Green-Nest according to LEED 2009 (V3). Water Efficiency - LEED 2009 (V3) Category Points HCT GreenNest Rating Water Efficient Landscaping • Reduce potable water consumption for 2 Points irrigation by 50%. • No potable water use or irrigation. 4 Points Innovative • Reduce potable water use by 50% Wastewater • Treat 50% of wastewater and use treated Technology Water Use Reduction ✓ 2 Points water on site. • Reduce by 30%. • Reduce 35%. • Reduce 40%. 2Points 3 Points 4 Points 5.2.2 Water performance of HCT Green-Nest according to BREEAM: As shown in the table below, according to BREAM rating system, HCT Green-Nest house got 5 credits in water consumption criteria. plus, one credit in water control because of the smart controlling system used. The SBR technology is efficiently perfect and manufactured with high quality materials which give it one credit in water efficient equipment. Otherwise, the house got no credits in leak detection because of not using any technology of this purpose. Table14: Water performance of HCT Green-Nest according to BREEAM. Water Efficiency - BREEAM HCT GreenCriteria Credits Nest Rating Water consumption 5 ✓ Water control 1 ✓ Water efficient equipment 1 ✓ Water leak detection 2 1.3 Materials efficiency Table 15: HCT Eco-house – materials efficiency technologies Source: (Higher College of Criteria Recycled materials Technology 2015). Technology used Nudura wall system Recycled furniture Insulation Using of Polystyrene material Benefits - Highly insulated concrete wall. Made of recycled materials - Achieving 3Rs Concepts (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) - Well insulated material Reduce heat transfer 1. Nudura wall system: It is a highly insulated concrete wall, with no air spaces or studs. Nudura wall is very soundproof. If there an airport or any noises places. it will not be any sound to hear. it is very quiet, strong and fast to build. Likewise, it is built by ICF (international finance corporation). It is must keeping the Styrofoam on it to create insulation and thermal barriers with the concrete. All the webs are from recycled materials. It is about 70% of weight of the wall (Nudura 2017). 2. Polystyrene: To reduce the heat transfer from the ground 50 mm layer of polystyrene materials is used and floor is covered with locally available terrazzo tile. polystyrene is very widely used, and it is used to rigid insulation in HCT from the heat because it is wonderful moisture resistance, performance, and affordability. It saves the building from weather and the health of humans (Wilson 2009). 3. Recycled furniture: HCT Green-Nest used the furniture which is made from recycled materials especially wood. It is give retired materials a new and appealing attractive look. Actually, it has an important role in the environment. It has the ability of reducing waste materials that cause pollutants by applying the 3Rs Concept (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) (City of Belmont 2017). As a result of that, there will be few manufacturing processes and few materials will be used (HCT 2015). 2. Conclusion This paper aimed to assess the sustainable performance in Oman buildings by looking at some factors and understands the principles of sustainability that must be presented. First section of this research was containing the main important concepts which are sustainability and sustainable development in addition to clarify the important of achieving sustainability in the world and Oman. It is worth mentioning that some factors ware illustrated with justify its important in Omani buildings with list some of relative technologies. Moreover, BREEM and LEED rating systems are used to evaluate and analysis the performance of the selected case study which is Higher College of Technologies Green-Nest Eco-House. It turned out that this building has achieved three main principles which are economic, social and environment where it was found that this building has a high efficiency of energy, ventilation systems are able to create a comfortable and clean environment, and some recycled material use to make the furniture and other things. It is important to mention that the house works to recycle grey water to reuse it in irrigation purposes so by this way the water efficiency was achieved as a result of that we can say that this building is respect the 3Rs reduce, reuse and recycle. At the end this report was covers the concept of sustainability, the sustainable development, the important of achieving them in the world and Oman, factors of sustainability and analyses the selected case study by using some rating systems.
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5.1.1 HCT Green-Nest Energy performance in Relation to LEED 2009 (V3):
An outstanding energy efficiency criteria have been accomplished by HCT Eco-house.
Table 10 below shows the proof of the same via displaying the evaluation done on HCT GreenNest based on the LEED rating system. From the table, HCT Green-Nest surpasses 15% of using
renewable energy enabling it to achieve 7 points (excellent). This high performance was
accomplished via the use of solar panels which ensured that 100% of energy needs were fully
covered. Moreover, in the criterion energy performance optimization, HCT Green-Nest acquired
18 points (excellent) and this was accomplished by the company ensuring that it reduced the
energy demand via implementation of new and efficient technology. Furthermore, the refrigerant
management was improved and strengthen via the use of the Variable Refrigerant Flow System
and due to this, it was able to get 2 points (proficient). The enhanced commissioning criterion,
however, was not rated high due to the weak performance of HCT Eco-house in this
geographical setting.

Table10: Energy performance of HCT Green-Nest according to LEED 2009 (V3).
Energy Efficiency - LEED 2009 (V3)
Criteria

Points

HCT GreenNest Rating

On-site Renewable Energy









1% of using renewable energy.
3% of using renewable energy.
6% of using renewable energy.
8% of using renewable energy.
10% of using renewable energy.
12% of using renewable energy.
More than 15% of using renewable
energy.

1 Point
2 Points
3 Points
4 Points
5 Points
6 Points
7 Points


Enhanced Commissioning

2 points

-

Optimize Energy Performance

18 Points



Enhanced Refrigerant Management

2 Points



5.1.2 Energy performance of HCT Green-Nest according to BREEAM:
Table 11 below shows the evaluation of HCT Eco-house’s energy efficiency criterion in
accordance with BREEAM rating system. Upon using low emission appliances as well as
efficient (A++ quality) energy equipment, HCT Eco-house was able to acquire 12 credits
(outstanding) in the reduction of energy use and carbon emission criterion. In addition to this,
due to HCT Eco-house’s efficient energy monitoring system put in place, it was able to acquire 2
credits (good) in the energy monitoring criterion. Furthermore, by using Variable Refrigerant
Flow System (VRF) which is one of the most efficient and sustainable systems, the HCT Ecohouse was able to acquire 2 credits (proficient) in the energy efficient cold storage criterion.

Table11: Energy performance of HCT Green-Nest according to BREEAM.
Energy Efficiency - BREEAM
Criteria

Credits

HCT Green-Nest
Rating


Reduction of Energy Use and Carbon Emissions

12 Credits

External Lighting

1 Credit

Energy Monitoring

2 Credits



Energy Efficient Cold Storage

2 Credits



-

1.2 Water efficiency
Table 12: HCT Eco-house – water efficiency technology (HCT 2015)
Criteria
Innovative...


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