Electromyography (EMG) experment

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Engineering

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Laboratory Report Guidelines (if applicable to the lab)

The following contains information intended to assist you in writing a high quality laboratory report. Note the following general rules:

1) Use passive instead of active voice. Avoid the first person (I, we, us, our, etc.) as well as the second person “you”.

2) Avoid colloquialisms and use proper grammar and spelling in order to avoid having a reader judge the quality of the technical work by that of the written presentation.

3) Read the report several times for continuity and flow. If possible, have an “outsider” read the report to see if it is clear and understandable.

Weekly Report Structure (if applicable)

Lab reports should be roughly 5-6 pages (double-spaced with 12 point font), NOT including the Title Page, References, or Appendix.

• Title Page

• Introduction--objectives and a brief description of the experiment.

• Results--experimental data and results, organized neatly in tabular and/or graphical form. Primarily, this section will just include Tables and Figures, but some text is required to briefly describe the Table/Figure.

• Discussion--comparison of experimental results with theoretical findings (or published data), error analysis, and conclusions. This will be the longest section, so that you can properly describe the experimental findings.

• Appendix--sample calculations (NOT Equations only!), if required

Final Report Structure


In general, the report should read like a (good) book. Start with basic concepts and good organization. Then add more and more detail. All drawings, tables, and graphs must be created using appropriate software tools, and must be numbered and captioned.A typical lab report is structured as follows:

  • Title Page
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Materials & Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • References
  • Appendix

Abstract


Also sometimes called “Summary” or “Executive Summary,” the abstract is a brief (one to two paragraphs) summary of the objectives, work conducted during the experiment, and significant results or findings. The abstract allows the reader to determine the nature and scope of the report without having to read from beginning to end. The optimal length is one paragraph, but it could be as short as two sentences. The length of the abstract depends on the subject matter and the length of the paper. Between 80 and 200 words is usually adequate.

Introduction


The introduction is one of the most difficult parts of a document to write. It's also one of the most important, because the introduction is where your reader's first impressions are formed.If the introduction is not logical, then your reader will assume that the rest of the document is garbage. A good introduction is a clear statement of the problem or project and the reasons that you are studying it. This information should be contained in the first few sentences. Give a concise and appropriate discussion of the problem and the significance, scope, and limits of your work. The Introduction can be structured something like this:

  • Context: Connect the lab you are doing to real world applications to show that you understand the problem and its relevance from an engineering perspective
  • Problem Description: Give a brief description of what you were required to do in the lab - an overview, or scope, of the work.
  • Goals: Discuss the objectives of the lab. What were you trying to accomplish and why?

Provide any information necessary for the reader to understand subsequent sections of the report.

Materials & Methods

For experimental work, give sufficient detail about your materials and methods (both experimental procedures and methods of data analysis) so that other experienced workers can repeat your work and obtain comparable results. Identify the materials and equipment/apparatus used for the laboratory work. Describe equipment/apparatus only if it is not standard or not commercially available. Giving a company name and model number in parentheses is adequate to identify standard equipment. Describe the experimental procedures used, unless they are established and standard. If the laboratory work will also involve calculations using theoretical equations, these should be included here as well. The calculations section should include sufficient mathematical detail to enable other researchers to reproduce derivations and verify numerical results. Include all background data, equations, and formulas necessary, but lengthy derivations are best presented in the Appendix.

Many students fail to recognize that the equations and statistical methods applied to obtain the results are as important as the raw data.The reader expects to see these methods discussed in this section BEFORE the results are presented, in order to understand how the objectives of the work were achieved.After reading these details in the Procedures section, the reader will know what to look for and expect in the Results and Discussion section.Subheadings, such as “Experimental Procedures” and “Theoretical Calculations” or “Methods of Data Analysis”, can help you to write and organize this section.

Results

This is where you detail the results you obtained in the laboratory. Summarize the data collected and their statistical treatment.Tables and graphs should be used where necessary to present your data, calculations, and results.Remember that all figures and charts must be accompanied by supporting text. Note: this section should only include the facts of the study, not your interpretation, which belongs in the Discussion section.

Discussion

Discussion must be provided to describe and explain the data and significance of the information in the tables and graphs. The purpose of the discussion is to interpret and compare the results. Be objective; point out the features and limitations of the work. Relate your results to current knowledge in the field and to your original purpose in undertaking the project. Comparison of results with theory or accepted formulas should be discussed. Sources of error should be discussed with respect to your findings and the significance of these errors with respect to the objectives of the lab.Include only relevant data, but give sufficient detail to justify your conclusions. This is where you should document the "lessons learned" during the course of the laboratory exercise. What were your expected results? Were those results achieved? If not, why not? Have you resolved the problem? What exactly have you contributed? Briefly state the logical implications of your results. Suggest further study or applications if warranted. If you were allowed different constraints in the laboratory, how could you improve the experiment?What types of follow-up studies could be performed?

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Data Analysis (Note: Print 1 per student) ELECTROMYOGRAPHY I Standard and Integrated EMG DATA REPORT Student’s Name: Valerie Lallo Lab Section: Date: 5/31/18 I. Data and Calculations Subject Profile Name: Valerie Lallo Age: 19 years old Height 5’3” Weight: 120 Gender: Male / Female Dominant arm: Right / Left A. EMG Measurements Dominant arm Non-dominant arm Cluster # 1 0.0711 mV-sec 0.106 2 0.112 0.114 3 0.152 0.143 4 0.220 0.143 Note: "Clusters" are the EMG bursts associated with each clench. B. Use the mean measurement from the table above to compute the percentage increase in EMG activity recorded between the weakest clench and the strongest clench of Forearm 1. Calculation: % diff = (max-min)/max %diff = (0.220-0.071)/0.220 Answer: 68% C. Tonus Measurements Between Clusters # Dominant arm Non-dominant arm 1-2 0.009 mV-sec 0.021 2-3 0.015 0.015 3-4 0.033 0.014 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY I Standard and Integrated EMG DATA REPORT Student’s Name: Conor Stefanowicz Lab Section: Date: 5/31/18 II. Data and Calculations Subject Profile Name: Conor Height: 5’9” Age: 19 Weight: 230 Gender: Male / Female Dominant arm: Right / Left D. EMG Measurements Dominant arm Non-dominant arm Cluster # 1 0.025 mV-sec 0.049 2 0.045 mV-sec 0.095 3 0.078 mV-sec 0.132 4 0.142 mV-sec 0.246 Note: "Clusters" are the EMG bursts associated with each clench. E. Use the mean measurement from the table above to compute the percentage increase in EMG activity recorded between the weakest clench and the strongest clench of Forearm 1. Calculation: % diff = (max-min)/max %diff = (0.246-0.025)/0.246 Answer: 89% F. Tonus Measurements Between Clusters # Dominant arm Non-dominant arm 1-2 0.010 mV-sec 0.013 2-3 0.010 0.014 3-4 0.012 0.014 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY I Standard and Integrated EMG DATA REPORT Student’s Name: Mansour Al Awami Lab Section: Date: 5/31/18 III. Data and Calculations Subject Profile Name: Mansour Height: 5’03” Age: 22 Weight: 130 Gender: Male / Female Dominant arm: Right / Left G. EMG Measurements Dominant arm Non-dominant arm Cluster # 1 0.106 mV-sec 0.119 mV-sec 2 0.134 0.145 3 0.167 0.139 4 0.125 0.179 Note: "Clusters" are the EMG bursts associated with each clench. H. Use the mean measurement from the table above to compute the percentage increase in EMG activity recorded between the weakest clench and the strongest clench of Forearm 1. Calculation: % diff = (max-min)/max %diff = (0.179-0.106)/0.179 Answer: 41% I. Tonus Measurements Between Clusters # Dominant arm Non-dominant arm 1-2 0.019 mV-sec 0.026 2-3 0.014 0.025 3-4 0.019 0.021 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY I Standard and Integrated EMG DATA REPORT Student’s Name: Kayla Battaglioli Lab Section: Date: 5/31/18 IV. Data and Calculations Subject Profile Name: Kayla Height: 5’06” Age: 20 J. Weight: Gender: Male / Female Dominant arm: Right / Left EMG Measurements Dominant arm Non-dominant arm Cluster # 1 0.055 mV-sec 0.034 mV-sec 2 0.051 mV-sec 0.072 mV-sec 3 0.091 mV-sec 0.124 mV-sec 4 0.127 mV-sec 0.171 mV-sec Note: "Clusters" are the EMG bursts associated with each clench. K. Use the mean measurement from the table above to compute the percentage increase in EMG activity recorded between the weakest clench and the strongest clench of Forearm 1. Calculation: % diff = (max-min)/max %diff = (0.171-0.034)/0.171 Answer: 80% L. Tonus Measurements Between Clusters # Dominant arm Non-dominant arm 1-2 0.014 mV-sec 0.012 mV-sec 2-3 0.018 mV-sec 0.014 mV-sec 3-4 0.019 mV-sec 0.012 mV-sec   BME  303  –  Lab  2     Electromyography  (EMG)     Dr.  Anita  Singh   IntroducCon   • Muscular  system  consists  of  three  muscle   types:  cardiac,  smooth,  and  skeletal     • Skeletal  muscle  most  abundant  Cssue  in   the  human  body  (40-­‐45%  of  total  body   weight)     • Human  body  has  more  than  430  pairs  of   skeletal  muscle;  most  vigorous  movement   produced  by  80  pairs   IntroducCon  (conCnued)   • Skeletal  muscles  provide  strength  and   protecCon  for  the  skeleton,  enable  bones   to  move,  provide  the  maintenance  of  body   posture  against  gravity     • Skeletal  muscles  perform  both  dynamic  and   staCc  work   Muscle  Structure   • Structural  unit  of  skeletal  muscle     – is  the  mulCnucleated  muscle  cell  or  fiber   (thickness:  10-­‐100  µm,  length:  1-­‐30  cm)   • Muscle  fibers  consist  of  myofibrils   (sarcomeres  in  series:  basic  contracCle  unit   of  muscle)   • Myofibrils  consist  of  myofilaments     – acCn  and  myosin     Sliding  Mechanism   Microscopic-­‐ Macroscopic   Structure  of   Skeletal   Muscle   Muscle  Structure  (conCnued)   • Motor  unit   – FuncConal  unit  of  muscle  contracCon   – Composed  of  motor  neuron  and  all  muscle   cells  (fibers)  innervated  by  motor  neuron   – Follows  “all-­‐or-­‐none”  principle  –  impulse  from   motor  neuron  will  cause  contracCon  in  all   muscle  fibers  it  innervates  or  none   Muscle  Structure  (conCnued)   • Motor  unit   – Vary  in  raCo  of  muscle  fibers/motor  neuron   • Fine  control  –  few  fibers  (e.g.,  muscles  of  eye  and   fingers,  as  few  as  3-­‐6/motor  neuron),  tetanize  at   higher  frequencies   • Gross  control  –  many  fibers  (e.g.,  gastrocnemius,  ≅   2000/motor  neuron),  tetanize  at  lower  frequencies   – Fibers  of  motor  unit  dispersed  throughout   muscle   •Smallest MU recruited at lowest stimulation frequency •As frequency of stimulation of smallest MU increases, force of its contraction increases •As frequency of stimulation continues to increase, but not before maximum contraction of smallest MU, another MU will be recruited Size  Principle   • Smallest  motor  units  recruited  first   • Smallest  motor  units  recruited  with  lower   sCmulaCon  frequencies   • Smallest  motor  units  with  relaCvely  low   levels  of  tension  provide  for  finer  control  of   movement   • Larger  motor  units  recruited  later  with   increased  frequency  of  sCmulaCon  and   increased  need  for  greater  tension   Size  Principle   • Tension  is  reduced  by  the  reverse  process   – Successive  reducCon  of  firing  rates   – Dropping  out  of  larger  units  first   Force  ProducCon  –     GradaCon  of  ContracCon   • SynchronizaCon  (number  of  motor  units  acCve   at  one  Cme)  –  more  ⇒  ↑  force  potenCal   • Size  of  motor  units  –  motor  units  with  larger   number  of  fibers  have  greater  force  potenCal   • Type  of  motor  units  –  type  IIA  and  IIB  ↑  force   potenCal,  type  I  ↓  force  potenCal   Force  ProducCon  –     GradaCon  of  ContracCon  (conCnued)   • SummaCon  –  increase  frequency  of  sCmulaCon,   to  some  limit,  increases  the  force  of  contracCon     Shape  of  Graded  ContracCon   Types  of  Muscle  ContracCon   Type of Contraction Definition Work Concentric Force of muscle contraction > resistance Positive work; muscle moment and angular velocity of joint in same direction Eccentric Force of muscle contraction < resistance Negative work; muscle moment and angular velocity of joint in opposite direction Isokinetic Force of muscle contraction Positive work; muscle = resistance; constant moment and angular velocity angular velocity; special case of joint in same direction is isometric contraction Isometric Force of muscle contraction < resistance; series elastic component stretch = shortening of contractile element (few to 7% of resting length of muscle) No mechanical work; physiological work Force  ProducCon  –     Length-­‐Tension  RelaConship   • Force  of  contracCon  in  a  single  fiber   determined  by  overlap  of  acCn  and  myosin   (i.e.,  structural  alteraCons  in  sarcomere)  (see   figure)   • Force  of  contracCon  for  whole  muscle  must   account  for  acCve  (contracCle)  and  passive   (series  and  parallel  elasCc  elements)   components   Musculotendinous  Unit   • Tendon  and  connecCve  Cssues  in  muscle   (sarcolemma,  endomysium,  perimysium,  and   epimysium)  are  viscoelasCc   • ViscoelasCc  structures  help  determine   mechanical  characterisCcs  of  muscles  during   contracCon  and  passive  extension     Musculotendinous  Unit  (conCnued)   • FuncCons  of  elasCc  elements  of  muscle   – Keep  “ready”  state  for  muscle  contracCon   – Contribute  to  smooth  contracCon   – Reduce  force  buildup  on  muscle  and  may  prevent   or  reduce  muscle  injury   – ViscoelasCc  property  may  help  muscle  absorb,   store,  and  return  energy   Force  ProducCon  –     Length-­‐Tension  RelaConship   • Difficult  to  study  length-­‐tension  relaConship   – Difficult  to  isolate  single  agonist     – Moment  arm  of  muscle  changes  as  joint  angle   changes   – Modeling  may  facilitate  this  type  of  study   Force  ProducCon  –     Load-­‐Velocity  RelaConship   • Concentric  contracCon  (muscle  shortening)   occurs  when  the  force  of  contracCon  is   greater  than  the  resistance  (posiCve  work)   • Velocity  of  concentric  contracCon  inversely   related  to  difference  between  force  of   contracCon  and  external  load   • Zero  velocity  occurs  (no  change  in  muscle   length)  when  force  of  contracCon  equals   resistance  (no  mechanical  work)   Force  ProducCon  –     Load-­‐Velocity  RelaConship   • Eccentric  contracCon  (muscle  lengthening)   occurs  when  the  force  of  contracCon  is  less   than  the  resistance  (negaCve  work)   • Velocity  of  eccentric  contracCon  is  directly   related  to  the  difference  between  force  of   contracCon  and  external  load   Force  ProducCon  –     Force-­‐Time  RelaConship   • In  isometric  contracCons,  greater  force  can  be   developed  to  maximum  contracCle  force,  with   greater  Cme   • Increased  Cme  permits  greater  force  generaCon   and  transmission  through  the  parallel  elasCc   elements  to  the  series  elasCc  elements  (tendon)   • Maximum  contracCle  force  may  be  generated  in   the  contracCle  component  of  muscle  in  10  msec;   transmission  to  the  tendon  may  take  300msec   EMG   • EMG:  Technique  that  allows  to  measure   the  signal  generated  by  skeletal  muscles   that  allow  us  to  move.     • It  incorporates  central  control  strategies,   signal  transmission  along  nerve  fibers  and   across  neuromuscular  juncCons,  electrical   acCvaCon  of  the  muscle  fibers  organized  in   elementary  motors  (the  motor  units)  and,   through  a  chain  of  complex  biochemical   events,  the  producCon  of  forces  acCng  on   the  tendons  of  the  agonist  and/or   antagonist  muscles  and  moving  the  bones.   EMG   • It  also  incorporates  a  number  of  feedback  circuits  relaying   back  to  the  spinal  cord  and  the  brain  informaCon   concerning  the  length  and  velocity  of  shortening  of  the   muscles  and  the  forces  acCng  on  the  tendons.     • Through  these  mechanisms  we  can  hold  a  flower  without   crushing  it,  play  a  violin  or  a  piano,  lih  a  weight,  climb  a   mountain,  or  hit  a  compeCtor  in  a  boxing  match.     0.051mm, insulated, hooked wires 25 Gauge Needle Surface  Electrodes   • Because  of  the  blurring  introduced  by  the  Cssue   interposed  between  the  sources  and  the   electrodes,  informaCon  is  lost.     • For  this  reason  the  interpretaCon  of  surface  EMG   is  much  more  challenging  than  needle  EMG;   however,  the  noninvasiveness  and  the  ease  of  use   of  the  technique  contributed  to  its  large  diffusion   in  many  applicaCons  ranging  for  biofeedback,  to   movement  analysis,  to  faCgue  assessment.   Needle  Electrode   BME 303: Biomedical Engineering Laboratory I Experiment #2: Electromyography (EMG) Notes: 1. Each test should be performed on atleast one male and one female student in your group. 2. You will be sharing your data with your group members, so you must include the data from each group member in your individual lab reports. Experiments: ***At this time, you should attach the electrodes to each student as show in Figure 1.3*** 1. Electromyography I. EXPERIMENTAL OBJECTIVES 1) To observe and record skeletal muscle tonus as reflected by a basal level of electrical activity associated with the muscle in a resting state. 2) To record maximum clench strength for right and left hands. 3) To observe, record, and correlate motor unit recruitment with increased power of skeletal muscle contraction. 4) To listen to EMG “sounds” and correlate sound intensity with motor unit recruitment. II. MATERIALS • BIOPAC electrode lead set (SS2L) • BIOPAC disposable vinyl electrodes (EL503), 6 electrodes per Subject • BIOPAC electrode gel (GEL1) and abrasive pad (ELPAD) or Skin cleanser or alcohol prep • Optional: BIOPAC Headphones (OUT1 for MP3X or 40HP for MP45) • Biopac Student Lab System: software BSL 3.7.7 or above data acquisition unit MP36, MP35, MP30 (Windows only), or MP45 • Computer system III. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS  For further explanation, use the online support options under the Help Menu. A. SETUP FAST TRACK 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. DETAILED EXPLANATION  Turn the computer ON. The desktop should appear on the monitor. If it does not appear, ask the Make sure the BIOPAC MP3X unit is OFF. laboratory instructor for assistance. Plug the equipment in as follows: Electrode lead (SS2L) — CH 1 Headphones (OUT1) — back of unit Turn ON the BIOPAC MP3X unit. Attach three electrodes to each forearm (Fig. 1.3). Attach the electrode lead set (SS2L) to Subject’s dominant forearm, following the • If using 40HP for MP45, the Sound color code (Fig. 1.3). Playback device must be set to MP45 via Start > Control Panel. Fig. 1.2 MP3X (left) and MP45 (right) equipment connections IMPORTANT Make sure the electrode lead colors match Fig. 1.3. Attach three electrodes to each forearm as shown in Fig. 1.3. • You will switch the lead set to the Subject’s nondominant arm for recording Segment 2 (Forearm 2). Setup continues… Fig. 1.3 Electrode placement and lead attachment 7. 8. 9. Start the Biopac Student Lab Program. Choose lesson “L01” and click OK. Type in a unique filename and click OK. 10. Optional: Set Preferences. • Choose File > Preferences. • Select an option. • Select the desired setting and click OK. END OF SETUP ▪ If Subject is right-handed, the right forearm is generally dominant; if Subject is left-handed, the left forearm is generally dominant. ▪ For optimal electrode adhesion, place electrodes on the skin at least 5 minutes before the start of Calibration. ▪ The electrode lead cables are each a different color and each must be attached to a specific electrode position, as shown in Fig. 1.3. ▪ The pinch connectors work like a small clothespin and will only latch onto the nipple of the electrode from one side of the connector.  Lesson L01 is Electromyography (EMG) I. No two people can have the same filename, so use a unique identifier, such as Subject’s nickname or student ID#. This ends default Setup. This lesson has optional Preferences for data and display while recording. Per your Lab Instructor’s guidelines, you may set: Journal Text: show minimum guiding text vs. detailed text Grids: show or hide gridlines Lesson Segments: Specific recording segments may be omitted based on instructor’s preferences. B. CALIBRATION Calibration establishes the hardware’s internal parameters (such as gain, offset, and scaling) and is critical for optimum performance. Pay close attention to Calibration. FAST TRACK Calibration 1. Click Calibrate. 2. Clench fist as hard as possible, then release. DETAILED EXPLANATION OF CALIBRATION STEPS This will start the Calibration recording. The program needs a reading of the maximum clench to perform an auto-calibration. Fig. 1.4 Clench Fist for Calibration 3. Wait for Calibration to stop. Calibration will last eight seconds and stop automatically, let it run its course. 4. Check the Calibration data. At the end of the eightsecond Calibration recording, the screen should resemble Fig.1.5. If the calibration recording does not show a zero baseline and a burst (when Subject clenched), repeat calibration to obtain a reading similar to Fig. 1.5. • If similar, proceed to the Data Recording section. • If different, Redo Calibration. END OF CALIBRATION Fig. 1.5 C. DATA RECORDING FAST TRACK Recording 1. Prepare for the recording. *IMPORTANT This procedure assumes that all lesson segments are enabled in lesson Preferences, which may not be the case for your lab. Always match the segment title to the segment reference in the journal and disregard any references to excluded segments. DETAILED EXPLANATION OF RECORDING STEPS You will record two segments*: a. Segment one records Dominant arm. b. Segment two records Non-dominant arm. To work efficiently, read this entire section before recording. Dominant arm 2. Click Record. 3. Perform a series of four Clench (hold for 2 Repeat a cycle of Clench-Release-Wait, holding for 2 seconds and waiting for sec.)-Release-Wait (for 2 sec.) cycles. two seconds after releasing before beginning the next cycle. Try to increase the • Begin with a weak clench, and then strength in equal increments such that the fourth clench is the maximum force. increase in equal increments so the fourth clench is at maximum. 4. 5. Click Suspend. Review the data on the screen. • When you click Record, the recording will begin and an append marker labeled “Dominant arm” will automatically be inserted. The recording should halt, giving you time to review the data and prepare for the next recording segment. The data should look similar to Fig. 1.6. If similar, proceed to Step 6. Fig. 1.6 Clench, Release, Wait, Repeat • If different, click Redo and repeat Steps 2-5. The data would be different if the: a. The Suspend button was pressed prematurely. b. Instructions were not followed. Click Redo and repeat Steps 2-5 if necessary. Note that once you press Redo, the data you have just recorded will be erased. Non-dominant arm segment 6. For Non-dominant arm, attach electrode leads to Subject’s opposite arm. Remove the electrode cable pinch connectors from the “Dominant arm” electrodes and connect to “Non-dominant arm” electrodes. Refer to Setup Steps 5-6 and Fig 1.3 for proper electrode placement and lead attachment. 7. Click Resume. Recording continues… When you click Resume, the recording will continue and an append marker labeled “Non-dominant arm” will be automatically inserted. 8. Perform a series of four Clench (hold for 2 Repeat a cycle of Clench-Release-Wait, holding for 2 seconds and waiting for sec.)-Release-Wait (for 2 sec.) cycles. two seconds after releasing before beginning the next cycle. Try to increase the strength in equal increments such that the fourth clench is the maximum force. • Begin with a weak clench, and then increase in equal increments so the fourth clench is at maximum. 9. Click Suspend. 10. Review the data on the screen. • If similar, go Step 11. • If different, click Redo and repeat Steps 7-10. The recording should halt, giving you time to review the data for the nondominant arm segment. If all went well, your data should look similar to Fig. 1.6. The data would be different if the: a. The Suspend button was pressed prematurely. b. Instructions were not followed. If your data did not match Fig. 1.6, click Redo and repeat Steps 7-10. Note that once you press Redo, the data you have just recorded will be erased. 11. Click Stop and then click Yes. When you click Stop, you will be prompted to confirm that you are sure you want to stop the recording. Clicking “yes” will end the data recording segment, and automatically save the data. Clicking “no” will bring you back to the Resume or Stop options. This is simply one last chance to confirm you don’t need to redo the last recording segment. 12. If you want to listen to the EMG signal, go to Step 13. Or If you want to end the recording, go to Step 17. Listening to the EMG can be a valuable tool in detecting muscle abnormalities, and is performed here for general interest. Listening to the EMG is optional. The data from this part of the Lesson will not be saved. EMG data is sent to the headphones and simultaneously plotted so you can listen to the signal and see it at the same time. Note the increase in sound intensity as you increase the strength of your clench. 13. Subject puts on the headphones. 14. Click Listen. You will hear the EMG signal through the headphones as it is being displayed on the screen. The screen will display two channels: CH 1 EMG and CH 40 Integrated EMG or for MP30 under Windows: CH 3 EMG and CH 40 Integrated EMG The data on the screen will not be saved. Note The volume through the headphones may be very loud due to system feedback. Position the headphones slightly off the ear to reduce the volume or, if using an MP45 system, use the Volume + or Volume – buttons. The signal will run until you press Stop. If others in your lab group would like to listen to the EMG signal, pass the headphones around before clicking Stop. • If using an MP30 under Windows OS: switch the SS2L Lead Set from CH 1 to CH 3 for the listening segment and click OK when prompted. 15. Experiment by changing the clench force as you watch the screen and listen. Recording continues… 16. Click Stop. • To listen again: click Redo, listen, and then click Stop. ACTIVE LEARNING PORTION This will end listening to the EMG. If another person wants to listen to the EMG, switch the headphones from Subject to the new person and click Redo. With this lesson you may record additional data segments. Design an experiment to test or verify a scientific principle(s) related to topics covered in this lesson. You are limited to this lesson’s channel assignments; however the electrodes may be moved to different locations on the subject. Design Your Experiment Use a separate sheet to detail your experiment design, and be sure to address these main points: A. Hypothesis Describe the scientific principle to be tested or verified. B. Materials List the materials will you use to complete your investigation. C. Method Describe the experimental procedure—be sure to number each step to make it easy to follow during recording. Run Your Experiment D. Set Up Set up the equipment and prepare the subject for your experiment. E. Record Use the Resume, and Suspend buttons to record as many segments as necessary for your experiment. Click Stop when you have completed all of the segments required for your experiment. Analyze Your Experiment Set measurements relevant to your experiment and record the results in a Data Report. 17. Click Done. 18. Choose an option and click OK. 19. Remove the electrodes. END OF RECORDING IV. Disconnect the lead cables. Peel off and discard the electrodes (BIOPAC electrodes are not reusable). Wash the electrode gel residue from your skin using soap and water. The electrodes may leave a slight ring on the skin for a few hours, which is quite normal. DATA ANALYSIS FAST TRACK Data Analysis 1. A dialog with options will be generated. Make your choice, and continue as directed. If choosing the “Record from another Subject” option: a) Attach electrodes per Setup Steps 5-6 and continue the entire lesson from Setup Step 8. Each person will need to use a unique file name. Enter the Review Saved Data mode and choose the correct file. • Note Channel Number (CH) designations: Channel Displays DETAILED EXPLANATION OF DATA ANALYSIS STEPS Enter the Review Saved Data mode.  CH 1 CH 40 • EMG Integrated EMG Note measurement box settings: Channel Measurement CH 40 Mean Fig. 1.7 The measurement boxes are above the marker region in the data window. Each measurement has three sections: channel number, measurement type, and result. The first two sections are pull-down menus that are activated when you click them. The following is a brief description of these specific measurements.  Mean: displays the average value in the selected area. The “selected area” is the area selected by the I-Beam tool (including endpoints). Record measurement data individually by hand or choose Edit > Journal > Paste measurements to paste the data to your journal for future reference. 2. Set up your display window for optimal viewing of the first segment of Integrated EMG data. • Optional: Hide CH 1 data by using “Ctrl-click” (Windows) or “Option+click” (Mac) on the channel number box. Data Analysis continues… The first recording segment begins at the marker labeled “Dominant arm” and includes four clenches from Subject’s dominant arm. The following tools help you adjust the data window:  Display menu: Autoscale horizontal, Autoscale waveforms, Zoom Previous Scroll Bars: Time (Horizontal); Amplitude (Vertical) Cursor Tools: Zoom Tool Buttons: Overlap, Split, Show Grid, Hide Grid Channel Display: “Ctrl-click” (Windows) or “Option+click” (Mac) the channel number box to toggle channel display. 3. Use the I-Beam cursor to select an area on the plateau of the first EMG cluster (Fig. 1.8). "Clusters" are the EMG bursts associated with each clench. Fig. 1.8 below shows an EMG cluster selection in the first data segment. A 4. Repeat Step 3 on each successive EMG cluster. A Fig. 1.8 EMG cluster selection 5. 6. Scroll to the second recording segment. Repeat Steps 3 and 4 for non-dominant arm data. The second recording segment begins at the marker labeled “Non-dominant arm” and includes four clenches from Subject’s non-dominant arm. 7. 8. Scroll to the first recording segment. Use the I-Beam cursor to select the area between the first and second clenches (Fig. 1.9). Tonus is the resting state, and is represented by the area between clenches (clusters). Fig. 1.9 below shows the selected area between clenches. C 9. Repeat Step 8 between each successive clench. 10. Scroll to the second recording segment. 11. Repeat Steps 8-9 for non-dominant arm data. C Fig. 1.9 Selection between clenches to measure tonus 12. Save or print the data file.  You may save the data to another location, save notes that are in the journal, or print the data file. 13. Quit the program. END OF DATA ANALYSIS  Data Analysis (Note: Print 1 per student) ELECTROMYOGRAPHY I Standard and Integrated EMG DATA REPORT Student’s Name: Lab Section: Date: I. Data and Calculations Subject Profile Name Age Height Gender: Male / Female Weight Dominant arm: Right / Left A. EMG Measurements Dominant arm Non-dominant arm Cluster # 1 2 3 4 Note: "Clusters" are the EMG bursts associated with each clench. B. Use the mean measurement from the table above to compute the percentage increase in EMG activity recorded between the weakest clench and the strongest clench of Forearm 1. Calculation: Answer: % C. Tonus Measurements Between Clusters # 1-2 2-3 3-4 Dominant arm Non-dominant arm X Biopac Student Lab® - File:Connor_EMG-L01 File Edit Display Lessons Help Overlap Split Show Grid Hide Grid Copy Graph 40 Mean **** SC None SC None sc None SC None 140 EMG Dominant arm 1 2.00 1.00 9 0.00 MY -1.00 -2.00 0.55 AL IN U 17 0.35 mV-sec लगी 0.15 A -0.05 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 20.00 22.00 16.00 18.00 seconds 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 Ila O L01 - Electromyography (EMG) I (377.062810) File name: Connor_EMG-L01 Thursday, May 31, 2018 01:00:34 PM First segment (starts at marker labeled 'Dominant arm'): Four clench-release-wait cycles; fourth clench is maximum force. Second segment (starts at marker labeled 'Non-dominant arm'): Four clench-release-wait cycles; fourth clench is maximum force.
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