Description
Instructions:
- You are to chose 1 theory from the following: Ethics of Care, Virtue Theory, Kantian Deontology, Utilitarianism.
- You are to pick 5 case studies.(out of 8)
- Clearly and accurately, explain/summarize the theory you have chosen. This is worth 40 points.
- Clearly and accurately, summarize each case study (This is worth 40 points) before analyzing that case study with the theory you have chosen (This is worth 40 points).
- Make sure your paper is well written, grammatically correct, properly punctuated etc. In other words, make sure it isreadable. This is worth 40 points.
- When grading these papers, the last thing I will consider is the quality of the paper: does it reflect critical thinking skills? Does the writer carefully consider the issue? Etc. This is the final 40 point.
THE PAPER--NO LESS THAN 8 PAGES AND NO MORE THAN 11.
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Explanation & Answer
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THEORY PHYLOSOPHY
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INSTITUTION
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Among the above theories, the theory which considered to be best was the Utilitarianism.
UTILITARIANISM
When choosing to do a certain thing which is mainly associated with the kind of the
feeling the fellow human being will have then there is the freedom of choosing whether the
feeling that human being will experience will be a happy feeling or whether the feeling will be a
sad or a wrong feeling apart from the expectations which that fellow human being had. That is
why there is a reason for taking action A on something rather than alternative B is that the action
A which you have considered taking will have positive impact on human being and will
definitely make the human much happier than the alternative B which would have impacted them
negatively and by such is where utilitarianism is considered and evidently seen to be taking place
(j.j smart 1973).
When speaking about utilitarian then there are things which are considered and for it then
the only thing that has value are only the states of affairs, and if the act has value as right or
wrong, then it can only be derivatively, because of the good or bad states of affairs that it
produces. It has only one fundamental principle of which this principle is the principle of utility.
The principle of utility means that the moral right action is the one that produces the best overall
consequences with regard to utility or welfare of all parties that might be affected. The right act
or policy of utilitarianism is that which normally leads to the greatest happiness of the greatest
number leaving them in pleasure, basically, utilitarianism defines that it is only the happiness or
wellbeing of sentient beings that is the most and delicate valuable thing to a human being. For
one to understand the what is good about happiness and what is bad about suffering, then it is not
just for one to appeal to anything mysterious or intrinsically valuable, for a human being to claim
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that they are happy in terms of pleasure or claim that they are in pain then all of this is
contributed by psychological make-up of those human beings.
There are four different aspects of UTILITARIANISM which includes;
1.
Welfare hedonism
Under this utilitarianism explains that good is the experience or sensation of pleasure which
under this situation then the pain does not exist on a human being.
2.
Higher and lower pleasures
This is a point whereby the good acts as the promoter of the entire range of valuable mental
states. Happiness can be in different ways whereby some are a long-term happiness which seem
to be from the achievement of something, like the completion of a very important project, and
there are short-term projects which last for a while this can be like the happiness achieved from
eating.
3.
Preference satisfaction
Under this then what is good is desire satisfactory or the fulfillment of preferences whereas what
is bad is the frustration of desires thus this conclusion that the more you get what you desire, the
more satisfied you become and thus making you happy.
In utilitarianism, the impatility is a very important thing whereby everybody is much equally
important and one should treat the other equally and the way they would wish to be treated with
utility.
There are two types of utilitarianism which are
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Act utilitarianism- where...