Running head: DIABETES IN CHILDREN
Diabetes in Children
Shaquanta Pearson
DNP-801
6/13/18
Introduction
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Diabetes by definition can be said to be a disease that occurs when your blood glucose
or the blood sugar, is too high. Since blood glucose is the primary source of human energy
and comes from the food you eat, a hormone made by the pancreas referred to as the insulin
helps glucose from food get into the human cells to use for energy. Often the body does not
produce enough or sometimes no insulin or doesn't use insulin well; glucose will stay in the
blood and will not reach the cells. In the year 2017, the National Institutes of Health report
that more than 208,000 children and teens less than 20 years of age had been diagnosed with
either type one or type two diabetes in the United States. Diabetes is fast spreading disease
with high but preventable consequences it is, therefore, wise to research on how to prevent it
on babies.
There are two type of diabetes in children the type one and type two. Type one is also
known Juvenile diabetes which occurs when the pancreas is in a position that it is unable to
produce insulin for the body. Since the insulin is absent, the sugar which is required to travel
from the blood to the cell cannot take place thus creating high blood sugar level which may
need quick attention.
The second type (type two) diabetes which is often less frequent in young children
occurs when the insulin is not functioning in the required manner thus leading to less
production of insulin. Due to the minimal production of insulin, glucose will accumulate in
the bloodstream. (Zhao, et, al., (2017)).The two types of diabetes have some common signs
and symptoms which include increased thirst and urination, increased hunger, frequent
bathroom usage, fatigue, blurred vision, numbness or tingling in the feet or hands, sores that
do not heal and or having an unexplained weight loss.
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Causes of diabetes
There are the hormones that the placenta produces which contribute to insulin
resistance which always occur in almost all the women during late pregnancy. There women
that can manufacture enough insulin to overcome the insulin resistance while there are others
that cannot produce. When the pancreas is not capable of making enough insulin, gestational
diabetes occurs. Different women have different weights which are also a contributing factor
to diabetes. Some women are that overweight or obese may contain insulin resistance with
them by the time they become pregnant. As they gain much weight during pregnancy, there
are firmly assured to give a loophole to gestational diabetes.
The genes also have a role to play in the emergence of diabetes. Family with history
of diabetes is likely that the women from that family will have developed gestational
diabetes. The gene, therefore, has much to explain why there is the occurrence of disorder
more often in American Indians, African American, Hispanics or Latinas and the Asians.
Genetic mutations damage to the pancreas, certain medicines, and other diseases may also
lead to diabetes. Genetic mutation or changes in a single gene may also cause monogenic
diabetes. As these changes happen from family to family, the gene mutation may sometime
occur on its own. Mostly these gene mutations may cause some common types of monogenic
diabetes like maturity-onset diabetes of the young and neonatal diabetes.
Effects of diabetes on infants
Children that have delayed diagnosis of type 1 diabetes or rarely a delayed diagnosis
of type 2 diabetes are at high risks of developing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is more
risky to the infant's life as it is the primary leading cause of mortality in children with
individually type 1 diabetes. (Mustonen, et, al., (2018))
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Serous lack of insulin in the body puts the body in a situation where it cannot use
glucose for energy. Instead, the body will begin the process of breaking down fats in its quest
for power. If this process occurs, it can lead to the production of chemicals called ketones.
These chemicals can be more toxic to the body at a very high level. If the substances pile up
in a significant amount, they are sure to cause diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
For the younger infants with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes unlike for adults, the
progression is much faster, and they are seen to be at higher risks for complications earlier in
life. Some of the complications a person may experience as they grow older in their life are
the kidney and eye disease than the children who may be infected by with type 1 diabetes.
There are also greater risks of, high cholesterol levels and high blood pressure which raise
their risk for blood vessel disease.
The type 2 diabetes in children is nearly or all the time associated with obesity, which
is the number one contributor to some of these high risks. Because of the high risks and
danger of the type two diabetes, early detection and attention to managing overweight in
younger people are very important. (Macaluso, et, al., (2016))
Strategies on how to go about diabetes in infants
Insulin: this is the hormone that human pancreas makes that allows cells to use the
glucose in the body. Some people have bodies that do not make or use the insulin thus they
require the human-made insulin which helps their body be in a position of controlling the
blood sugar thus making them invulnerable to diabetes. Many types of human-made insulin
can be used to treat diabetes, and the doctors usually describe them depending on how they
can affect your body.
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There are various types of insulin and how long they can work on the body. These
types are also the methods we can use to stop diabetes. They include rapid-acting insulin
which when injected in the body becomes effective within a few minutes and can last lasts for
a couple of hours in the body. There is also the regular- or short-acting insulin which when
injected takes about 30 minutes to work fully and usually lasts for 3 to 6 hours. There is also
another type called intermediate-acting insulin takes about 2 to 4 hours to be full effective
and its effect can be felt for 18 hours. The long-acting insulin is one type of insulin which can
work for a whole day.
Rather than the injected insulin we also have the insulin distillation psychotherapy
which involves education and more or therapy. It consists of a process where women are
made aware that there are some of them that are having an episode of low blood sugar, some
are allergic to Tresiba or other ingredients in Tresiba. Therefore, they should not take them.
They should also be able to tell their care providers about all their medical conditions before
taking Tresiba. Some include planning to become pregnant or when to breastfeed, taking
new prescription or vitamins among other herbal supplements.
Conclusion
In conclusion, diabetes is a disease that mostly affects the infants. It does have much
influence on the children since as the child grows the rate of risk increases as the age does.
Some of the common diseases we experience today are not only manufactured by us but also
by some of the natural things that we may be in a position of stopping but are just reluctant to
take precautions. Since it is majorly caused by insulin which is well known to be artificial
produce, it is, therefore, our call to participate in the eradication of this monster disease
before it consumes our next generation lives. It hence requires our responsibility to fight and
stop diabetes at all cost.
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References
Hamilton, H., Knudsen, G., Vaina, C. L., Smith, M., & Paul, S. P. (2017). Children and
young people with diabetes: recognition and management. British Journal of
Nursing, 26(6), 340-347.
Macaluso, C. J., Bauer, U. E., Deeb, L. C., Malone, J. I., Chaudhari, M., Silverstein, J., ... &
Rosenbloom, A. L. (2016). Type 2 diabetes mellitus among Florida children and
adolescents, 1994 through 1998. Public Health Reports.
Mustonen, N., Siljander, H., Peet, A., Tillmann, V., Härkönen, T., Ilonen, J., ... &
DIABIMMUNE Study Group. (2018). Early childhood infections precede
development of beta‐cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children with HLA‐
conferred disease risk. Pediatric diabetes, 19(2), 293-299.
Zhao, G., Vatanen, T., Droit, L., Park, A., Kostic, A. D., Poon, T. W., ... & Peet, A. (2017).
Intestinal virome changes precede autoimmunity in type I diabetes-susceptible
children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201706359.
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