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Answer four questions using three scholarly sogood grammar, APA format and citations,1200 word count about law questions.

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Running head: CRIMINAL LAW ASSIGNMENT

Criminal Law Assignment
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CRIMINAL LAW ASSIGNMENT

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Criminal Law Assignment
Define Probable Cause.   In Detail, Give Your Thoughts on Whether Probable
Cause and Profiling Are Interconnected.
Probable cause legal definition slightly varies depending on the context, whether it's to
support an arrest or a search. Probable cause to arrest infers to the circumstances and facts based
on reasonably trustworthy information and within the knowledge of the officer which are
sufficient to warrant an individual with reasonable prudence in believing that a crime is being or
has been committed (Storm, 2016). In the case of a search, it refers to the circumstances and
facts within the knowledge of a law enforcement officer based on trustworthy information which
are sufficient to convince a reasonable man that items connected to a crime or evidence will be
discovered in the place to be searched. The availability of a rational argument suggesting that a
crime was committed confirms reasonable cause by officers. An officer's knowledge or
collective knowledge, and informant statement plus corroboration are utilized to establish
probable cause.
Profiling and probable cause are interconnected. Police officers utilize profiling to
determine reasonable suspicion. An individual is targeted for an investigation to gather and
comprehend the facts and circumstances which will culminate in determining probable cause.
This aspect is constitutional when applied in criminal profiling and not racial profiling. Criminal
profiling is the detection of crime wherein a police officer is perceptive to indicators that suggest
an illegal activity (Fredrickson & Siljander 2002). Therefore, the officer carries further
investigation to determine reasonable suspicion for an arrest or a search warrant. Some officers
use racial profiling but it should not be the sole basis for probable cause.

CRIMINAL LAW ASSIGNMENT

3

In Your Best Argument, What Makes Terry V. Ohio So Important To Law Enforcement
Officers?
In the case, Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1999), the decision favored the police by
validating stops and frisks in the presence of reasonable suspicion without a warrant and absence
of probable cause. It extended an officer's right to search and frisk persons they deem suspicious.
The case established two rules which are detrimental to law enforcement. The first allows the
detaining of individuals whose conduct evokes reasonable suspicion for criminal activity for
further investigation. The second authorizes the frisking of individuals when the detention is
justified through the reasonable belief of concealed weapons (Kanovitz, 2015, pp. 108).
Law enforcement officers are uniquely positioned to gather specific and articulable facts
with rational inferences to warrant a stop and frisk. Therefore, the decision gave them the
freedom to carry out their responsibilities. Had the decision been different, it would have made it
difficult and dangerous for officers to carry out their duties. Further, it would have clipped the
search and seizure authority of police making their work nearly impossible.
Currently, there are allegations of abuse by the police in various departments who use
stops and frisks to harass citizens. In such areas, judicial oversight would be useful to root out
the abusers. However, basing stops or frisks solely on a warrant and probable cause or where
they are prohibited would create difficult situations for policing and safety (Del & Bell, 2010, pp.
74). This action would diminish police power endangering and ...


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