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Final Exam Ethical Dilemma: Should Amalgamated Product Giant Shipping’s Chief Executive hire more permanent workers all year round to manage the work load? Utilitarian perspective As discussed in this course, the utilitarian principle rests on the maximum amount of good for the maximum amount of people, after examining the consequences of every possible course of action. Straightforward it its methodology, utilitarians conducts a cost-benefit analysis to determine the most ethical alternative based on the utilitarian principle. Applied in the business setting, cost-benefit analysis often uses money and revenue to quantify factors in consideration of the different people impacted by the decision. To help solve the dilemma using the utilitarian approach, below is a cost-benefit analysis: Alternative 1: Instead of hiring 4,000 temporary workers, the Amalgamated Product Giant Shipping will hire 4,000 permanent workers. Stakeholder Benefit Cost Company The company will have more reliable workers year-round to fulfill the increasing quantity of orders - According to the article, online retail sales is projected to grow 10% annually. Permanent employees have higher wages than temp workers. - Ave. Salary of a permanent warehouse worker is $14.99/hr. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016). - Ave. Salary of a temp worker is $10.10 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016) Permanent employees are entitled to benefits (health care, raises, vacation leaves) that must also be incorporated to the cost of hiring. The company will not have to pay the cost (explicit and hidden) of continuous hiring for temps - Average cost for hiring: $7,000 per employee (Kane, 2014). This includes overtime cost to keep Customers Employees up with the demand, recruitment fees, screening costs, drug testing, background checks, and training The company can protect itself from negative publicity, being accused of abusing workers through temporary staffing. As more customers become aware and conscious of where their products are coming from, the shipping company may lose customer loyalty. The customers will have to get their shipment on time because of the steady stream of permanent employees that will handle their orders. The customers will have a peace of mind that no temporary worker is being abused on their behalf. The employees (new hires especially) will benefit from higher salary, given that permanent workers earn more than temporary workers. The employees’ workload will be more manageable. The employee won’t be as overworked Customers have to pay higher shipping cost. - Average range of shipping cost in the US: $2.99 - $11.00 It doesn’t stop with hiring additional permanent employees. The company has to review their work culture and working conditions, from setting realistic targets to setting shifts. Alternative 2: Stick with status quo. Hire minimum number of temporary workers during peak hours. Stakeholder Benefit Company The company will still fulfill the required number of orders because of the additional help during peak seasons. Cost Given that there is a drastic shift in online shopping, demands are most likely to increase all year-round. Given this scenario, the The company will save company will have to hire money on labor cost temps throughout the year. - Temporary workers While the labor itself is have lower salary than considerably cheaper, when permanent workers you factor in the cost of - Temporary workers contracting a staffing agency, have less benefits the cost of hiring and - The company has the training, it may be equal or option to not avail of even more expensive than the temporary hiring permanent workers workers’ services during lean seasons. Sample calculation: 4,000 temp workers at The company will maintain $10.99/hr working a 10 hr. higher profit margins. shift = $439,600 Currently, the company sees a Cost of hiring: 30-40% revenue increase $7,000/employee = annually $28,000,000 (at 4,000 employees) Also, this hiring and employee management model is difficult to sustain because of attrition due to workload. This can lead to loss of productivity and other opportunity cost. Customers The customers will have to get their shipment on time. Customers have to pay minimal to no shipping cost. While the timely shipment may work in the short-term, the unsustainability of the practice may lead to shipping issues in the long-run causing delayed shipment, etc. Employees Temp workers: At least, they will have a job which is difficult in those areas and this economy. Permanent worker: They will have additional help in meeting their targets. Customers are considered to be an accomplice to abuse of the workers. Because of continuously increasing demand, employees (both temp and permanent workers) will still have to render 10-hour shifts that will cause physical issues. Based on this cost-benefit analysis, it will benefit more people (employees, customers, and the company) to hire more permanent workers. The company is a billion dollar company. Whatever cost this restructuring will bring about can be absorbed by the company and will be justified as it will satisfy client demands (better customer experience = more revenues) and will help more workers be more productive and be motivated by the higher salary and job security. Moreover, this restructuring will help ensure the company’s sustainability in the future. B. Liberterian perspective According to the libertarian principle, an individual’s freedom and rights are absolute and must be protected so as long as they respect other people rights as well. To this point, it must be understood that temporary workers apply on their own accord. They were not forced. Second, the responsibilities, benefits, and salaries are all stated in the contract explicitly. The temporary workers are aware that they have to do more than 8 hours of shift of that they are not entitled to raises and paid vacation. Given that they signed the contract, they agree to such terms and arrangement. Second, libertarians also believe that free market principles ought to dictate the courses of the business and the economy. Moreover, the consequences of the free market must be respected, even if such consequences lead to certain inequalities. The free market has moved the shift to online shopping for two reasons. Minimal to no shipping cost has allowed online stores and companies to drive prices down. As the article suggested, for such corporations to offer this value-add to the customers, they must make adjustments in their hiring and employee management practices like hiring temporary workers. As long as it makes sense to conduct hiring practices that will keep the company competitive in the free market and as long as employees agree to such practices, the chief executive can continue hiring temporary workers for the business. Deontology perspective Steps What is the ethical dilemma? Who is the agent? What is the agent’s role in the situation? What is the nature of the role? What is the duty of associated with the role? What is the categorical imperative? Application Should Amalgamated Product Giant Shipping’s Chief Executive hire more permanent workers all year round to manage the work load? The company’s chief executive is the agent? The chief executive sets the direction of the company, approves, implements and institutionalizes the different practices within the company toward achieving the organization’s goals. The chief executive is the leader of the organization The chief executive is ultimately responsible to lead the company toward growth in scale and revenue, toward sustainability in the longterm, and toward creating pleasant customer experiences to build consumer loyalty and expand consumer base. The chief executive also has the duty to both the stockholders and the employees. All executives must conduct fair hiring and employee management practices, such as Is this categorical imperative universalizable? Would I be willing to switch places with everyone in the scenario? Am I using someone merely as a means to an end? hiring permanent workers and avoid abusing the temporary workers. Yes; this categorical imperative is universalizable. This can be applied to all chief executives regardless of age, gender, social status or religion. At the same time, this categorical imperative applies to all organizations, and to all industries Yes, I would be willing to switch with the place of the chief executive as well as with everyone else (i.e. employee or customer)) No; hiring permanent workers are ends unto themselves and not for any other interest. Such a hiring approach is just as it respects the individual as a rational human being. Resolution: Amalgamated Product Shipping ought to hire more permanent workers and avoid abusing the loophole of temporary job arrangements. Catholic Social Teaching Concept 1: Equal human dignity The CST believes that all humans, created in the image and likeness of God, have equal human dignity. As such, each human being deserves to be treated with equal respect and with justice, regardless of one’s age, ethnicity, gender, or social status. That said, applicants and employees for Amalgamated Product Shipping must be treated with human dignity. This treatment includes permanent employment with a decent wage and a set of benefits. Anything less would be discarding their human dignity. Concept 2: Pursuit of the common good According to the CST, a company exists not just to earn profit or raise revenues. A company exists as a manifestation of social relationships among individuals. Moreover, an organization exists to pursue the common good. In the current set up of Amalgamated Product Shipping, the concentration of the company is how to increase their profits to the detriment of many of their employees. If the company is to pursue its true nature of pursuing the common good, it must hire permanent workers and avoid temporary job arrangements. Within the CST framework, the company must balance the well-being of the organization, its clients, the employees, and the larger society. To give employees a permanent working arrangement (as well as the salary and the benefits that come with) is a step toward that direction. Concept 3: Preferential option for the poor Reading the article, it is clear that the employees are aware that they are being given an unfair treatment for being temporary workers. But because all of them live in poverty and are in dire need of a source of income, they have accepted their working condition. This should not be the case. The CST recognizes that policies, practices, and structures have contributed to poverty and the injustices done to the poor and the disenfranchised. The CST seeks to change the status quo through reform such that the needs of poor and the disadvantages will be addressed and considered. Giving them the opportunity to earn a decent wage and permanent work is an example of this reform. The current hiring practices of the company takes advantage of the poor because they know that applicants need job. But this is wrong. Amalgamated Shipping (and any company for that matter), upon recognizing the plight of the poor must help them be more economically independent and self-sufficient by giving them just opportunities. Concept 4: Subsidiarity The principle of subsidiarity ensures the full participation of the local community. Globalization has driven the rise of online retail, which in turn, led to the success of companies like Amalgamated Shipping. It is also globalization (more specifically, global demand) that has let the company to build warehouses. Moreover, it is intense competition that led the company to hire temporary workers in efforts to keep costs low and maintain their competitive edge. Most of these decisions, however, are done within the confines of the company headquarters and by a handful of business executives. The people within the community were not consulted in terms of their needs and how the business can address those needs. The principle of subsidiarity implores that the company conduct consultations with the communities and their stakeholders. Based on the results of these discussions, Amalgamated Shipping can then reform their hiring practices accordingly hopefully to a more just approach that are aligned with the community’s needs. Concept 5: Stewardship The CST discusses how human beings are co-creators, responsible for caring for God’s creatures. But more than being stewards for natural resources and of course, our talents, we are also stewards of each other. We are tasked to care for one another and ensure that they, like us, must be treated with dignity. Based on this stewardship principle, the chief executive of the company has the responsibility to ensure that the employees are given just wages and benefits.
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Insert Surname1
Professor`s name
Student`s name
Course
Date
Final Exam
Ethical Dilemma: Should Amalgamated Product Giant Shipping’s Chief Executive hire more
permanent workers all year round to manage the work load?
Utilitarian perspective
As discussed in this course, the utilitarian principle reposes on the maximum amount of
virtuous for the maximum amount of individuals after analyzing the results of every potential
course of action. Forthright it its methodology, utilitarian runs a cost-benefit analysis to
determine the most ethical option depending on the utilitarian principle. As applied in the
business setting, cost-benefit analysis frequently uses money and profits to enumerate factors
putting into consideration the various people affected by the decision. Below is cost-benefit that
will assist in solving the dilemma using the utilitarian approach method:
Alternative 1: Instead of hiring 4,000 temporary workers, the Amalgamated Product Giant
Shipping will hire 4,000 permanent workers.
Stakeholder

Benefit

Cost

Company

The organization will have
more steadfast employees
throughout the hence
accomplishing the rise in the
level of demand.
According to the article,
online retail sales are
expected to increase every
year by 10 percent.

Permanent workers unlike are
paid more unlike temporary
workers.
- The average wages of
a permanent
warehouse worker is
$14.99/hr. (Bureau of
Labor Statistics,
2016).
- While the average

Insert Surname2

Customers

Employees

The business will not be
required to pay the explicit
and hidden costs of consistent
employing casual workers.
- Average cost for
hiring: $7,000 per
employee (Kane,
2014). This consists
of costs such as ,
overtime cost to keep
up with the demand,
enrollment dues,
screening costs, drug
testing, background
checks as well as staff
training
The company may also
safeguard itself from
unhealthy publicity, being
blamed of mistreating
workers through temporary
staffing. There are higher
chances of the shipping
company losing clients`
loyalty after more consumers
are aware and conscious of
the source of their products.
Thanks to the fast stream of
permanent employees who
handle their orders that the
consumers will have their
shipment on time.
Again, the customers will be
at peace knowing that no
casual employee is misused at
their advantage.
The workers especially new
recruits will benefit from
salary increment since
permanent workers are paid
more than temporary
workers.
Again, it will be easy to
manage the workers`

Salary of a temp
worker is $10.10
(Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 2016)
Permanent employees enjoy
reinburzements such as health
care, raises an...


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