To: Dr. Luis Bronner
350 Rowe Blvd
Annapolis, MD 21401
From:
1700 E cold Spring Lane
Baltimore, MD 21251
Date: June 25, 2018
Automated Parking Systems (APS) is proposing to work with Morgan State University to design,
maximizing the car parking spaces while minimizing the landscape. The automated parking
systems aims to save time for students, faculties, and visitors. Once funding is received, the
project will take approximately 1 month to become fully operational. APS is comprised of
engineer experts to provide the users to park their cars by operational machines.
Proposal (document asking for money)
Format
Should be 3-4 (single space)
1) Over view/ summary (5-6 sentences)
a) The idea
b) The market
c) How long to finish it
d) Who are you to do this project
2) Table of contact
3) Introduction
General over view of the proposal
4) Market analysis
a) Customers / clientele
b) Market trends: why is it the right time to offer the service or idea? What gap or
need are you addressing in the current market?
a. How am I gathering, faster, more affordable, easier to use, fashionable.
5)
Equipment/Inventory/Supplies/Materials list (descriptions and/or details of all
substantial entries)
6) Proposal procedure
Everything I plan to do
(Overlapping + multitasking) it has to be detailed
7) Accounting
a) Balance sheet -(all expenses - preexisting capital = asking price
b) Asking price (should be clear. Don’t assume it. Also, it must be on the cover
sheet)
c) The cost must be equal to asking price.
8) Qualification
Summary of your considering + your contribution to the project
Optional sections—remember that you are not limited to these. Add whatever section
you think will make your proposal more complete.
Conclusion, SWOT Analysis, Product or Service Description, Layout, and any visual
(graph, chart, or picture), but remember that ALL visuals must have copy to tell the
reader what s/he is to take from the visual.
Automated Parking System
1.0 Scope
This document will cover everything that is needed to develop a parking in the city of
Baltimore. System requirements, life cycle, producibility, availability, reliability, and
disposability are just a few of the parts of the systems engineering life cycle that will be
established, and a complete project management plan will be constructed in order to build an
effective parking system that can last for many decades.
3.0 Requirements
The requirements are a very important part of the program management plan, and there are
various requirements that an automated parking system will have.
3.1 System Description
An Automated Parking System is a type of parking that carries cars into their spaces and
therefore, uses the space more effectively. The details of this concept will be covered in
this section.
3.1.1 General description
The Auto Parking System is highlighted using clusters and how it is superior to different
strategies. It is frequently watched that stopping vehicles physically takes longer time wherein
client looks through the stopping region and parks the vehicle which is a dreary errand, to spare
the time spent for looking through the opening an enlistment based application circle stopping
framework is composed which gives stage to clients to book parking spots online ahead of time
for a given area and after that stop the vehicle with a negligible expenses (Monahan, 2011). This
application designates spaces progressively utilizing exhibit and stores the booking points of
interest. This paper talks about the advantages of the dynamic allotment in circle stopping
framework.
Auto Parking System, in conjunction with our European accomplice, gives clients the
world's most creative robotized stopping innovation. A robotized stopping framework can build
stopping limit by up to half, contrasted with an ordinary incline parking structure. Auto Parking
System has been one of the world's chief makers of stopping innovation for over 40 years. In
1991 the organization created its initially computerized stopping office and never thought back.
They as of now have more than one thousand (1000) ventures finished. The stopping frameworks
are the selective accomplice of Auto Parking System in the New Jersey metro region.
Numerous urban ranges have encountered quick development lately, and more
individuals imply more autos. Thus, numerous territories are looked with the test of adjusting the
want to keep up open space with the need to give a stopping office that can oblige the urban
development. A computerized stopping office gives a naturally inviting answer for this issue.
Recorded beneath are a few advantages to a robotized stopping office.
3.1.2 Operational Requirements
Mission definition – the system is intended to store cars of the citizens and workers of
Baltimore. It shall provide a good and safe parking experience and one that it relatively easy
for customers to use. In addition, it must be affordable so the profit is maximized.
Performance and Physical Parameters – the system shall have a square footage of less than
14,000. A person shall not take more than 4 minutes when leaving/picking up his/her car.
The system should have a level for SUV’s, which must be at least 8 feet; and it should have
levels for sedans, which must be at least 7 feet. Furthermore, the pallet that takes the car to its
respective parking space should tolerate at least 5,000 pounds.
Operational deployment or distribution – the system will only be used in one location, which is
in the city Baltimore, Maryland; therefore, all the equipment and parts will be sent to Baltimore
in order to assemble everything and build the system.
Operational life cycle (horizon) – the acquisition phase for this system must be from 4 to 5 years.
Production and Construction takes about 14 months, so the system should be operational by
2024/2025. The prediction is that the system will be operating for approximately 50 years, as the
APS is a very advanced system that utilizes space very well. The Phase Out will begin
approximately in 2060 and the system will be disposed by 2070.
Utilization requirements – the system shall be used 12 hours a day, as downtime is needed for
maintenance. In peak hours, close to 100% of the components of the system will be used;
however, during slow hours, about 50-75% of the system will be used, depending on the amount
of traffic flow.
Effectiveness factors – the system shall have an operational availability of at least 90%. In
addition, it should be extremely dependable and the logistic support effectiveness shall be
superior; when parts are needed to fix/maintain the system, a very rapid response is expected.
The mean time between maintenance shall be no more than 2 weeks, and the failure rate shall be
no more than 1%. In addition, the maintenance downtime should be no more than 10 hours
(unless it is an extreme case). In regard to personnel, there shall be two workers during
operational hours that will be trained on the basic computer knowledge needed to supervise the
system and knowing when a component fails.
Environmental factors – the system shall be able to work in the -30 – 150 degrees Fahrenheit
temperature range. In addition, it must tolerate rain. The system should also be resistant to
humidity, erosion, and any other type of environmental factor that can damage the material.
3.1.3 Maintenance Concept
Preventive and corrective maintenance will be performed by trained workers. This
maintenance will be done during the system downtime of 12 hours. Preventive maintenance
will be done every 2 weeks and corrective maintenance will be done as needed. If something
cannot be fixed on site, it will be shipped to the depot (Robotic Parking Systems Inc.) and
they will either fix it or replace it.
3.1.4 Functional Analysis and System Definition
The function analysis consists of news about what number of vehicles any given producer
offers every month. We saw together how millions after millions after a great many vehicles find
new proprietors every year around the world. Toyota alone, to give you a case, offers around 8
and a half million vehicles every year. Normally, the inquiry emerges: where will we stop them
all? That is to say, the avenues aren't getting greater, urban areas develop much slower in
measure than the business rate of new vehicles but, an ever-increasing number of autos continue
pouring onto the streets (Skelley, 2012).
The definition of auto parking system involves numerous urban communities as of now
fight clog once a day. Taking a maybe a couple hours edge when leaving for work has
progressed toward becoming a piece of hour day by day schedule. Additionally, while returning
home, minutes are lost looking for a parking spot (Munn, 2009). The answer for all the stopping
issues is not at all unique in relation to the one imagined by modelers for pleasing the developing
populace: since we can't go sideways, we'll go up or down. Enter the mechanized stopping
frameworks. Otherwise called robotized parking structures, multi-layered auto stopping
frameworks, automated stopping or basically structures for autos, the arrangement is as basic as
it is compelling: autos are stacked one over each other, on a few levels. These arrangement
permits, for example, for 20 autos to involve an indistinguishable impression from four would
have done in ordinary stopping conditions. A robotized parking structure can be raised on any
void part, even in the middle of structures. They come in a few sizes, so a city can pick which
sort of carport fits its needs best. The building itself is made of a metal skeleton which can be
secured outwardly with basically whatever is required for it to fit in the city scene.
3.1.5 Allocation of Requirements
The allocation of requirements is that automatic vehicle parks give bring down building
cost per stopping space, as they commonly require less building volume and less ground territory
than an ordinary office with a similar limit. Be that as it may, the cost of the mechanical gear
inside the building that is expected to transport autos inside should be added to the lower
building expense to decide the aggregate expenses. Different expenses are typically lower as
well, for instance, there is no requirement for a vitality serious ventilating framework since autos
are not driven inside and human clerks or security faculty may not be required.
Automated vehicle parks depend on comparable innovation that is utilized for the
mechanical taking care of an archive recovery. The driver leaves the auto in a passage module. It
is then transported to a stopping space by a robot trolley. For the driver, the way toward stopping
is decreased to leaving the auto inside a passageway module. At crest periods a hold up might be
required before entering or clearing out. The holdup is because of the way that stacking travelers
and baggage happens at the passageway and leave the area as opposed to at the stopped slow
down. This stacking hinders the passage or exit from being accessible to others. Regardless of
whether the recovery of vehicles is quicker in a programmed auto stop or a self-stop auto stop
relies on the design and number of ways out.
3.1.6 Functional Interfaces and Criteria
The functional interfaces are reservations based dynamic space allotment in stopping
framework as a matter of first importance lessens human intercession required for stopping
vehicles. It is time proficient and savvy as the entire procedure of building a product framework
is being mechanized. The conveyance of the product framework can be guaranteed on time with
lessened cost and quality code which is for the most part spent on the assets if there were manual
work (Bebe, 2001). Consequently, this approach assumes a fundamental part in diminishing time
required in manual stopping framework. This framework is not the trade for the present manual
and robotized framework accessible however can be actualized to evacuate time and cost
requirements to fabricate powerful applications.
The criteria are that drivers invest more energy in discovering a place for stopping and to
defeat this issue the last arrangement is once in a while known toward the start. Circle stopping
framework executed utilizing reservation based dynamic opening portion is a working
framework that is worked to beat the stopping issues. Consequent arranging sessions will be
useful to reveal the concealed issues.
3.3.9 Economic Feasibility:
With a budget of 13 million dollars for construction, an automated parking system is the
best alternative. With a cost per space of $26,659.21, if there is $15.00 made per space per day,
the total construction cost will break even after five years. With the parking rates shown in Table
C, this is very easy to accomplish and it will most likely take that amount of time or less.
With operating/capital costs of approximately $915,000 per year, it is very feasible to
gain money each year. If $6.56 is made per space per day, the operating/capital costs break even
and any money made after that is profit. Assuming that $20 are made per space per day for the
entire life cycle of 50 years, the total profit made during the life cycle will be $71,196,250
(details in Table D).
3.5 Logistics
One of the most important advantage is to maximize the number of parking space while
minimizing land usage. The fully autonomous storage and retrieval system transports driverless
cars to and from parking spaces optimized for maximum storage due to the elimination of wasted
space between cars and ramps needed in standard non-autonomous lots.
3.5.1 Maintenance requirements:
The maintenance of automated parking system requires having servers, control software,
network infrastructure, sensors, device controllers and signage, fire code. The maintenance
should follow:
•
General inspection of the system.
•
Check or review of all safety and operational features.
•
Examination of major components.
•
Replacement of damaged or worn parts.
•
Lubrication of system components.
Car parking system maintenance is primary factor to keep the parking system working properly
and increase its durability.
3.5.2 Supply support:
Any piece of machinery or electronics made by man will fail at some point. The Robotic
Parking System uses only off-the-shelf, high-quality electrical and mechanical components with
L10 lifetimes of 40,000 hours or above. General Electric supplies all motors, electronics and
automation controls for the automated garage. There is always a backup machine to keep the cars
moving into and out of the garage, so at least two of each type of machine is installed in the
automated parking facility. Both of the machines can perform the same tasks at the same time.
All Robotic Parking Systems include a patented full diagnostic suite and high-level warning
system. Moreover, the software records every rotation of any wheel, bearing, gearbox and motor.
All moving parts are monitored, and operators see every movement and car location on displays
in real time.
3.5.4 Personnel and training
After the training is completed, we will assign 2 trained employees that will oversee the
operations from the control room when the system is operating. In addition, we will assign 4
other employees to conduct preventive maintenance on every component every 2 weeks and
corrective maintenance when needed. All of the maintenance will be done during downtime
hours to maximize the production and efficiency of the system.
3.5.5 Facilities and equipment
These are types of technology used in automated parking system:
•
AGV systems: vehicles are parked on pallets in the parking modules which are
collected from the parking modules by the AGVs driving beneath the vehicle
pallet, lifting it, then moving it out of the parking module into the system.
•
Crane systems: it utilizes a single mechanism to simultaneously perform the
horizontal and vertical movements of the vehicle to be parked or retrieved in the
parking system
•
Puzzle systems: It offers the densest form of automated parking, typically
utilizing around 95% of the floor area, and are often used in smaller systems.
•
Shuttle systems: it utilizes autonomous shuttles and elevators to park and retrieve
vehicles.
•
Silo systems: are cylindrical systems typically with a single, centrally positioned
mechanism used to park and retrieve vehicles.
•
Tower systems: typically consists of a vehicle elevator with a parking space
either side of the elevator shaft.
3.6 Producibility:
A contract will be established with Robotic Parking Systems Inc., and a system will be
developed with their help and expertise. They have more than 15 years of experience building
automated parking systems, and they will help us build it. Their steel manufacturing facility can
deliver quality products to meet the demands of the project and can fabricate any piece to 1/16inch tolerance. Their facility is 900 feet long and 120 feet wide; they use two 20-ton cranes and
can lift 40 tons of steel to a height of up to 40 feet. The company is certified by the American
Institute Steel Construction and all of the welders are AWS (American Welding Society)
certified. The approximated construction time for this system is between 10 and 14 months
(Robotic Parking Systems; n.d.; p.1). The system can be produced in a timely manner and with
accuracy, ensuring that the automated parking system is ready to go in approximately one year.
3.7 Disposability:
Since the system is made up of concrete and can possibly serve functions other than parking cars,
there are a variety of options for the disposal of the system:
•
Instead of storing cars, the system can store containers and act as a warehouse for a
company
•
Since much of the material inside the system is steel, it can easily be recycled and used
for other projects
•
It could be used as vehicle storage for a car company
In the future, as technology keeps advancing and more structures are built, the amount of space
will become more valuable than it is now, therefore this system can easily be recycled or used for
other functions because it effectively uses the space provided and at a reasonable operating cost.
However, our plan for phase out, which is subject to change, is to sell the building and recycle
the steel inside the structure.
3.8 Affordability:
Automated Parking Systems (APS) have proved to be a lot more affordable than conventional
garages; reason being that they use the given space more effectively. In an APS, there is no need
to build much of the space that is needed in a conventional garage, such as:
•
Spaces between cars so that people can get in and out
•
A route in the garage for people to get in and look for parking (which has to be a twoway lane for people coming in and leaving the garage)
•
Build every floor to accommodate the tallest cars (SUVs); in an APS, there are specific
floors for sedans and SUVs
All of this advantages that the APS has leads to a more affordable price for land. A
conventional garage needs 39,000 square feet and 40 feet height in order to store 450 cars. With
the same storage capacity and height, an automated parking system needs only 20,000 square
feet; at $150 per square feet (typical land cost for the city), an APS’s land cost is $3,000,000,
compared to the conventional garage’s land cost of $5,850,000; this creates savings of almost 3
million dollars.
Furthermore, there are a lot of problems with conventional garages that increase the need for
security in them, which adds to the maintenance bill every year. With an APS, there is no need
for a security system. This, and many other factors cause the annual operating costs of an APS to
be approximately $462,500 less than a conventional garage (Schwartz; 2009; p.4).
The total life cycle cost for the proposed automated parking system is $56,645,000. The
details can be seen in Table A and B.
4.0 Test and Evaluation
Testing and evaluation is an important part on the project. The project can’t be done or
usable without testing. Test case design and test evaluation are difficult to automate with the
techniques available in current industrial practice, since the domain of possible inputs (potential
test cases). Most of the Automated Parking System companies to test autonomous driving
systems for undesired behaviors in the presence of sensor and actuator inaccuracies use a
simulation environment. Testing is aimed at finding errors in the system under test giving
confidence in its correct behavior by executing the system with selected input situations.
Industrial Scaled Automated Structural Testing with the Evolutionary Testing Tool. Available
7.0 Retirement and Material Recycling/Disposal
The expected phase-out period will begin 40 years into the life cycle, with a plan of completing
the disposal of the system within 50 years. Most of the material that is used in an automated
parking system can be recycled. Different types of steel and iron can be recycled and used for
other applications. Another option is that the system could be used for another application, such
as a warehouse for a company. Only time will tell when our material disposal/recycling will
begin, but when the time comes, the material can be easily recycled and the material that cannot,
can be disposed of safely without causing any hazards.
AutoCAD drawing:
First floor top view:
Top View of every other floor:
Side View:
Reliability:
The reliability diagram with the system’s components can be seen below:
E
Carrier Module with
Turntable (6)
C
A
Pallet Handling Lift
Module (6)
Sensor (6 for each
EET)
F
S
S
Input
Backup Pallet
Handling Lift
Module (6)
Backup Sensor (6)
G
B
D
Backup Carrier
Module with
Turntable (6)
Carrier Module (6)
Car Handling Lift
Module (6)
K
I
Sensor (467)
S
S
Backup Car Handling
Lift Module (6)
H
Backup Carrier
Module (6)
J
Output
Now that we have the reliability diagram, let’s calculate the reliability for each of the components:
•
Components A, B and K:
o MTBF = 400,000 hrs.
o λ for components A and B = n/MTBF = 6/400,000 = 1.0 X 10-6
o Operating time = 12 hrs.
o R = e – λt = e-(1.0 x 10^-6) (12) = 0.999
o λ for component K = n/MTBF = 467/400,000 = 9.55 X 10-4
•
•
o R = e – λt = e-(9.55 x 10^-4) (12) = 0.988
Components C, D, G, H:
o MTBF = 21,350 hours
o λ = 1/MTBF = 6/21.350 = 1.87 X 10-4
o R = e – λt +( λ t) e – λt = e-(1.87 x 10^-4) (12) + (1.87 x 10-4)(12) e-(1.87 x 10^-4) (12) = 0.998
Components E, F, I, J
o MTBF could not be found for these components, therefore we have to make an
assumption. Since a carrier module uses similar mechanisms than the lift modules,
then we can assume that the reliability for the carrier modules is 0.97 for the ones
with a turntable and 0.98 for the ones without a turntable (pessimistic assumption).
The components with their respective reliabilities can be seen in the following table:
Table E: Components and their respective reliabilities
Component Reliability
A
0.999
B
0.999
C
0.998
D
0.998
E
0.970
F
0.970
G
0.998
H
0.998
I
0.980
J
0.980
K
0.988
Now that we have the reliabilities of the components, we can calculate the reliability for the entire
system:
Since C and D; E and F; G and H; and I and J are in standby, then the reliability for both of them
was calculated previously, meaning that they are all in series. Now, since A and B are in parallel,
we must calculate the reliability for AB:
RAB = RA+RB – (RA)(RB) = 0.999+0.999 – (0.99) (0.99) = 0.999
Now that everything is in series, then we can calculate the reliability of the system by multiplying
all of the reliabilities of the components:
RSYSTEM = RAB* RCD* REF* RGH* RIJ* RK = 0.999*0.998*0.970*0.998*0.980*0.988 = 0.934
With a reliability of 93%, the system is there for the user at almost all of the time.
Maintainability:
Preventive maintenance time for each component:
Note: Since research on the internet did not yield any results, we did an estimate.
Sensor: 30 minutes
Pallet Handling Lift Handle: 2 hours
Carrier Module with Turntable: 1 hour
Car Handling Lift Module: 2 hours
Carrier Module: 50 minutes
Average preventive maintenance time: 1 hour and 16 minutes
Corrective maintenance time for each component:
Sensor: 1 hour
Pallet Handling Lift Module: 3 hours
Carrier Module with Turntable: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Car Handling Lift Module: 3 hours
Carrier Module: 1 hour and 15 minutes
Average corrective maintenance time: 1 hour and 57 minutes
All of the maintenance will be conducted when the parking is closed, meaning the maintenance
downtime is 12 hours.
An estimate of the hours needed for the uptime and downtime of the system can be seen below:
Maintenance Labor Hour Factors
- Uptime: 12:10 hours
- Standby/ready time: 10 minutes
- System operating time: 12 hours
- Downtime: 11:50 hours
- Active maintenance time: 10 hours
- Logistics delay time: 1 hour
- Administrative delay time: 50 minutes
- Active maintenance time → corrective maintenance: 7 hours
- Preparation for maintenance: 30 minutes.
- Localization and Fault Isolation: 30 minutes
- Disassembly: 1 hour
- Repair of item in place or removal of faulty item and replace with spare: 3 hours
- Reassembly: 1 hour
- Adjustment alignment: 30 minutes
- Condition verification: 30 minutes
- Active maintenance time → preventive maintenance: 3 hours
- Preparation time: 30 minutes
- Inspection time: 30 minutes
- Servicing time: 1 hour and 30 minutes
- Checkout time: 30 minutes
Note: This maintenance labor hours are based on a day in which both corrective and preventive
maintenance are needed. Corrective maintenance will be given priority if more time is needed. In
that case, preventive maintenance will be pushed back until the corrective maintenance is
finished.
Availability:
We want our system to have the best availability possible. Therefore, we will calculate the
operational availability:
MTBM: Assumed to be 2 weeks (360 hours) because that is how often we will conduct preventive
maintenance (corrective maintenance cannot be predicted/estimated)
Ao = MTBM/(MTBM+MDT) = 360/(360+12) = 0.967
As you can see from the calculations, since all of the maintenance will be done in the downtime
(when the parking is closed), the system will have a very high operational availability.
Schedule
October
April
October
April
October
2017
2018
2018
2019
2019
Conceptual Design
October 2019
April 2020
October 2020
Preliminary Design
•
Defined the problem
•
Conducted trade-off studies
•
Identified needs
•
Analyzed possible alternatives (AoA)
•
Developed requirements based on the needs
•
Contracting is done
•
Evaluated technology available
•
Implementation of program
•
Planned for the life cycle
AoA, SDR, PDR, TRR
At the end of the preliminary design, we
PMP,MNS, CONOPS, ORD,FRD; SEMP,
TEMP, SRR (at the end)
At the end of the conceptual design, we reach
milestone 1, which is the specification of the
system.
reach milestone 2, which is the allocated
baseline.
= documents that should be done by the end of the specified phase.
October
April
October
April
October
2020
2021
2021
2022
2022
October 2022 – January 2024
Detail Design and Development
Production/Construction
•
Component Design
•
Construction of components
•
Development of Engineering Models
•
Assembly of system
•
Verification of manufacturing process
•
Contracting is done
•
Developmental Test and Evaluation on every
•
Operational Test and Evaluation
component is done
•
Contractor Support
•
Planned the production
At the end of production/construction, we reach
SDR, CDR
At the end of the detail design and development,
we reach milestone 3, which is the product
baseline.
milestone 4, which is the updated product
baseline. The system is now ready to be
operational.
After the system is operational, the expected lifetime of the system will be of 50 years. After 50
years, the disposal process will begin.
The description of the documents presented in the schedule can be seen below:
Conceptual Design:
MNS: Mission Needs Statement
In this document we put the needs of the customer and started to develop the
requirements based on them.
CONOPS: Concept of Operations
This document will state the functional and operational requirements the system must
meet
FRD: Functional Requirements Document
This document will assure the system is built to meet the customer’s needs; it will contain
the functional requirements that are made based on the user needs.
ORD: Operational Requirements Document
This document will ensure the system will operate the way it was intended; it will contain
the requirements it must meet in order to operate effectively.
Program Management Plan (PMP)
This document will serve as a guide on what needs to be done according to the schedule
in order to develop the requirements and implement them.
SEMP: System Engineering Management Plan
This document breaks down all of the steps and milestones that will be accomplished at
each phase of the life cycle.
TEMP: Test & Evaluation Master Plan
This document will provide the overall testing strategy for the entire program and how to
develop a plan to conduct developmental and operational test and evaluation.
SRR: System Requirements Review, Conceptual Design Review
This review is made to ensure that the requirements are identified and met.
Preliminary Design
AoA: Analysis of Alternatives
In this document, we compared a normal parking to an automated parking system using
Pugh’s method.
PDR: Preliminary Design Review
A review that ensures that system has reasonable expectations of meeting requirements
within budget and schedule. This document will assure each part of the system work
right. Checking the system once a week is requirement.
SDR: System Design Review
Determines if system is fully decomposed and ready for preliminary design
TRR: Test Readiness Review
Assesses the test objectives, test methods and procedures, scope of tests, and safety;
confirms that required test resources have been properly identified and coordinated to
support planned tests
Detail Design and Development
CDR: Critical Design Review
A review that ensures that system can meet performance requirements within cost,
schedule, and risk
SDR: Software Design Review
The proposed software to operate the system is evaluated and it is determined if it is the
most suitable software for the system.
Documentation Plan
It is important to always have a documentation plan that is in concurrence with the system’s
requirements and established goals. Therefore, every time there is a change in the system, the
corresponding documents must be updated. For example, if an operational requirement needs to
be added, then the ORD and CONOPS must be updated. Furthermore, the TEMP must be
updated as well because that requirement needs to be tested during the developmental and
operational phase.
Overall, the updates to the documentation plan depend on the type of change made to the system.
The most important thing is to always update the documents that are affected by that change so
that good traceability can be accomplished and all of the documentation is clear among everyone
in the project.
Maintenance Plan:
A 1- month training program will be given to employees on how to conduct preventive and
corrective maintenance on the system. Robotic Parking Systems Inc. will do this program.
Types of maintenance:
- Organizational: There will be no organizational maintenance because it is not the user’s
responsibility to fix the system if it fails (doesn’t apply).
- Intermediate: preventive maintenance will be done every 2 weeks by trained workers
when the parking is closed. Furthermore, corrective maintenance will be done within 2 days of
the failure during the hours in which we are closed (while the component is down, the
backup/standby will fill in). In addition, there will be 2 workers during operating hours to make
sure that every component is working correctly.
- Depot: if any component cannot be fixed on site by the trained workers, then it has to be
shipped into the company that can fix it (Robotic Parking Systems Inc.). While the component is
being fixed, the backup/standby will fill in and routine checks will be scheduled so the system
does not break down.
Training outline:
Robotic Parking Systems Inc. will provide training to our employees on how to conduct
corrective and preventive maintenance on each component of the system. This training will
consist of a 1 month program that will cover topics such as:
•
Sustainment of a car lift module
•
Sustainment of a carrier module (with and without turntable)
•
Sustainment of a pallet lift module
•
Monitoring of the system using computer program (provided by Robotic Parking
Systems)
After the training is completed, we will assign 2 trained employees that will oversee the
operations from the control room when the system is operating. In addition, we will assign 4
other employees to conduct preventive maintenance on every component every 2 weeks and
corrective maintenance when needed. All of the maintenance will be done during downtime
hours to maximize the production and efficiency of the system.
Furthermore, regarding the training of the users, a small video will be done that explains
the user the basics of what they need to do when they enter the parking and what they need to
do to pick up their car.
Work breakdown structure:
A work breakdown structure of the system, which is a decomposition of the system into
its sub-systems and functions, can be seen below:
1.0 Automated Parking System
1.1 Mechanical System
1.2 Computer
1.3 Automatic Payment
1.3.0 Screen
1.1.0 Car Handling
Lift Module
1.2.0 Monitoring
System
1.1.1 Pallet
Handling Lift
Module
1.1.2 Carrier
Module
1.1.3 Carrier
Module with
Turntable
1.1.4 Sensor
1.2.1 System
Effectiveness
1.2.2 Parking
Capacity
1.2.3 System
Maintenance
1.3.1 Timer
Conclusion
As this document shows, an automated parking system is the best option to build a parking in the
city of Baltimore. It is economically feasible, affordable, and disposable. In addition, the
predicted reliability and availability are superior. Furthermore, the system has good
maintainability and it is very feasible to develop and operate the system and make a profit over
time.
Appendix
Table A
Construction Cost Breakdown
Capacity
Square footage of parking
Cost/square foot in urban city
Total cost of land
Construction cost/space
Soft costs
Total construction cost
Source: Robotic Parking Systems Inc., Issue 27
467 cars
8,839
$150
$1,325,850
$22,000
$850,000
$12,449,850
Table B
Capital/Operations Cost Breakdown
Capacity and Labor Assumptions
Capacity
Hours of Operation
Expenses
Payroll and Benefits
Insurance Expenses
Utilities Expenses
Repairs and Maintenance
Bank Fee Expense
Marketing Expense
Support Service Expense
Other Operating Expense
Subtotal Operating Expenses
Real Estate Taxes Expense
Subtotal Non-Operating Expenses
Total Expenses
Capital Costs
Security Camera/DVR system
Capital Account
Total Capital Cost
Grand Total
Total Capital/operating costs for 50 year life cycle
Total Cost for Life Cycle (Construction and capital/operational
costs
467
24/7
$145,000
$50,000
$200,000
$50,000
$100,000
$20,000
$35,000
$75,000
$675,000
$150,000
$150,000
$825,000
$30,000
$60,000
$90,000
$915,000
$45,750,000
$56,645,000.
Source: “The Garage of the Future Must Be Green” By Samuel Schwartz (2009)
Table C:
Parking Rates
1 hour
2-4 hours
5-8 hours
All day
Charge for lost ticket
Monthly fee
$3
$6
$10
$15
$15
$200
Table D:
Life-Cycle Profit Breakdown
Capacity
Amount of years
Money made per space per day
(assumption)
Total Money Earned
Life-Cycle Cost
Profit made
467 cars
50
$15
$127,841,250
$56,645,000
$71,196,250
Sources
Beebe, Richard S. (2001), Automated Parking: Status in the United States, archived from the
original on 2012-06-17, retrieved 2012-11-15.
Hydro Mech Parking (2017) Maintenance of Car Parking Systems | Car Parking Systems
Maintenance in Mumbai Retrieved from www.hydromechparking.com/maintenance-of-carparking-systems-in-mumbai.php.
Monahan, Don (2011), "De-Mystifying Automated Parking Structures", PowerPoint
Presentation: 8, retrieved 2012-11-15.
Munn, Charlie (2009), "Past Hoboken: Automated Parking Facilities Enter Hopeful New Era"
(PDF), Parking (March), archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-12, retrieved
2012-11-16.
Oentaryo, R. J.; Pasquier, M. (2004, December 1). "Self-trained automated parking system".
Control, Automation, Robotics, and Vision Conference, 2004. ICARCV 2004 8th. 2:
1005–1010 Vol. 2. doi:10.1109/ICARCV.2004.1468981. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Rawahi, A.; Sudhir, C. (2015) “Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability Study of Critical
Vehicle Maintenance Equipment in a Highly Demanding Automobile Workshop”. Retrieved
from http://www.ijmse.org/Volume6/Issue11/paper1.pdf
Robotic Parking Systems Inc. (2013), Robotic Parking Systems Website. Retrieved from
https://www.roboticparking.com/index.htm
Schwartz, S. (2009). The Garage of the Future Must Be Green. [PDF] Retrieved from
http://www.5by2.nl/media/14374/green_automated_garages.pdf
Schneider Electric (n.d) ‘What are the mean time between failures 9MTBF) for sensors?”
Retrieved from https://www.schneider-electric.us/en/faqs/FA111817/
Skelley, Jack (2012), "Waiting for the Robo-Garage?", Urban Land Magazine (August),
retrieved 2012-11-16.
Tower Systems. (2012, March 28). Retrieved October 08, 2017, from
http://automatedparking.com/system-types/tower-systems/
Evaluation of the Trevipark Automated Parking System. (n.d.). Retrieved December 02, 2017,
from http://bit.ly/2ABuPFJ
Memo
To:
From:
Re:
Date:
Class
Dr. Butler
New Tutoring Program
6/18/12
Summary: Morgan Initiative is proposing to develop a tutoring program for the undergraduate
students of Morgan State University (MSU). This program will hire graduate students to help
undergraduate students with various classes. Unlike other tutoring programs, which usually focus
on math and writing, Morgan Initiative will be structured as a mentoring program focused on
helping students with their major altogether. Once funding is received, the Morgan Initiative
Tutoring Program will take approximately one month to become operational.
Introduction: Every college wants to provide its students with the best possible education while
preparing them for what comes after they graduate. The sad truth exists that many students feel
overwhelmed in college, and even though they get educated, they do not get a “feel” for their
major until their junior or senior year. Morgan Initiative has the solution for both of these
problems: It will provide a tutorial/mentoring program for undergraduate students.
Often, students are assigned tutors from outside their discipline to help with specific subjects,
which may help students with that subject but not give them a sense of why they need to know
the given information. Morgan Initiative will align undergraduate students who are struggling
with particular classes in their majors with graduate students in the same majors. These graduate
students will not only teach the undergraduate students lessons but they will also relate their own
experiences as an undergraduate student. This experience will give the tutored students insight as
to what they can expect through the course of their education. This mentoring will also instill the
confidence needed for struggling students to improve their grades overall excel in college.
The proposed program is also designed to benefit graduate students as well. Because most
graduate students are concerned with money and with having experience in their field once they
earn their Masters Degree or Ph.D., Morgan Initiative will offer them a wonderful opportunity.
Graduate students will be paid for each student they tutor and mentor. In addition to payment,
participating graduate students will bolster their resumes with valuable experience in their field
of study.
Because the Morgan Initiative is a fairly modest venture it is planned to take about a month to
become fully operational. This short set-up period means that the program can be ready to accept
students by the first day of the fall semester in 2012.
Target Market: Morgan State University is a historically black institution (HBI), which mean
the majority of its students are African American. The majority of its undergraduate students are
aged between 18 and 25 years old and come from working class neighborhoods. To supplement
income, over half of the students accept loans, scholarships, and other sources of financial aid.
Because of their means, the average MSU student operates with limited disposable income.
Taking this limited income into consideration, Morgan Initiative plans to offer them its services
free of charge to the students.
Equipment:
Computers—Morgan Initiative will acquire four Dell Xp4810 and two Mac iJunk desktop
computers.
The Dell Xp4810 contains a 1000 gigabyte hard drive and a 500 gigabyte RAM, which is
sufficient to run all of the necessary programs used by individual majors.
The Mac iJunk, which will predominantly be used by Art, Engineering, and Architecture majors
contains whatever Mac has and runs a bunch of worthless art and music programs that try to take
over your computer and charge you for every little thing.
Printers—Morgan Initiative will purchase two HP PhotoSmart 6000 for its facility. These
laserjet computers print with picture clarity and a efficient at handling larger jobs without
malfunctioning.
Tables—Two conference tables will be purchased and sectioned off into work stations, each
station with its own computer. The individual tables will seat six comfortable, allowing for three
stations per table.
Computer Desk—One computer desk will be placed at the front of the room for the monitor of
Morgan Initiative. This desk will be an Ikea Schlumekagen, which is sturdy and durable.
Location:
Morgan Initiative will be located on the second floor of the Student Center in Room 205. This
room is 50 square feet and provides ample space for all of the necessary furniture and equipment.
It also contains enough outlets and proper levels of electricity to facilitate electrical needs.
Proposed Procedure:
Week One: Morgan Initiative will have its final meeting with President Wilson before it begins to
set up its operation. Once President Wilson gives permission to commence, Morgan Initiative
will install the front desk, the tables, and section the tables off into two-seat work stations. It will
then install the computers and load all necessary programs.
Week Two—During this week, Morgan Initiative will trouble shoot with the computers, fixing
any bugs or glitches to assure that the computers are working ideally for the first day of classes.
In this week, fliers will be created, printed, and posted on bulletin boards in the classrooms of all
the major Morgan State University lecture halls.
Week Three—Morgan Initiative will begin to recruit graduate students to participate in its
program. It will address any final issues that need attention before the first day of classes.
Accounting:
Dell Xp4810 (4 @ $2,500)
iJunk
(2 @ $2500)
Tables
(2 @ $200)
Desk
Miscellaneous
$6,000.00
$5,000.00
$ 400.00
$ 250.00
$
50.00
_________
Total Asking Price
$11,700
Qualifications:
Dr. Butler has been a college instructor for over ten years. He holds a M.S. in Scientific Writing,
minoring in Rhetorical Presentation, and a Ph.D. in English with a concentration in Applied
Linguistics. He has authored and edited various articles and has lectured on communication skills
to lawyers, judges, doctors and media advertisers.
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