ABO Blood Groups BIOL320 GENETICS LAB RASHMEE SILWAL TROY UNIVERSITY Codominance An allelic relationship in which the phenotype of both alleles are expressed in a heterozygote Comparing Codominance ABO blood group and Codominance • • • • • Human blood type is determined by codominant alleles. There are 3 alleles involved in the human ABO Blood group. They are written as IA, IB, i IA, IB are codominant. i is recessive These 3 alleles can result in 4 phenotypes Red Blood Cell Antigen Genetically determined surface proteins found on the red blood cells Red blood Cell Antibodies • • • Antibody: protein made by your body Antibodies usually bind to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses, and destroy them. A red blood cell antibody is one that “attacks” red blood cells. Your red blood cells have certain “markers” on them, called antigens. If your immune system sees a red blood cell antigen that is “foreign” (such as from a blood transfusion), it will make antibodies to destroy it. Agglutination Action of antibody crosslinking with antigens to produce visible clumps which ultimately results into an auto immune reaction resulting in hemolysis Rh Blood Group • • • • Rh blood grouping is decided on the basis of Rh factor. It is the presence of an antigen D. The alleles representing antigen D can be written as D (dominant Rh) and d (recessive Rh). It is either present or absent on the red blood cells. If present, you are a positive blood type and if absent, you are a negative blood type. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences BIO L320 – GENETICS LAB Dr. Jacqueline Jones Laboratory 7 – Blood Typing ABO In this lab we will look at the ABO blood groups. You will perform standard tests to identify blood types. You will also learn the importance of blood type identification and its uses as well as the form and function of blood components. To carry out this lab you MUST read the instructions very carefully and record your results in the data table on the provided sheet. This is located in the lab 7 folder on Blackboard. Briefly, you will be given four different samples of synthetic blood. You must determine the blood type using the materials provided (anti-serum for each blood type). For additional information regarding blood types and agglutination, please refer to PowerPoint slides posted on Blackboard. This lab must be written in a lab report format, which includes the following; cover page, introduction, materials and methods, results and discussion. You must include at least 2 references and they must be cited in the text. If you need assistant please refer to the website I provided earlier in the semester, www.citefast.com. Make sure you use APA format. The data table can be attached to the lab report. However, you are still required to discuss your data. Lab worth: 50 points. Pages needed from lab book: N/A Just print off instructions and the Lab 7 sheet posted in Blackboard. 1 afety NAME Am Hartzog Student Guide DATE you Synthetic Blood: Paternity Test Background Knowledge of the genetics of human blood groups can be used to determine paternity. In this investigation, you will determine the blood groups of the mother (June), her natural daughter (Andrea), and three possible fathers. Use the data to decide who should not and who should pay June child support Use the following procedure to test the blood samples provided by June, Andrea, and the three possible fathers. Procedure 1. Using the dropper vial, place a drop of the assigned synthetic blood sample in each well of the blood typing slide. Replace the cap on the dropper vial. To prevent cross-contamination, always replace the cap on one vial before opening another vial. 2. Add a drop of synthetic anti-A serum (blue) to the well labeled A Replace the cap. 3. Add a drop of synthetic anti- serum (yellow) to the well labeled B. Replace the cap. 4. Add a drop of synthetic anti-Rh serum (dear) to the well labeled Rh. Replace the cap. 5. Using a different color mixing stick for each well (blue for anti-A yellow for anti-B, white for anti-Rh), gently stir the synthetic blood and anti-serum drops for 30 seconds. Remember to discard each mixing stick after a single use to avoid contamination of your samples. 6. Carefully examine the thin films of liquid mixture left behind. If a film remains uniform in appearance, there is no agglutination. If the sample appears granular, agglutination has occurred. In the Data Table below, answer"yes" or "no" as to whether agglutination occurred. Be sure to record the data in the correct column 7. Thoroughly rinse the blood typing slide, and then repeat the procedure for the other synthetic blood samples. Record these results in the data table, also. Be sure to record each set of results in the correct column for each sample. Data Table Possible Fathers Mother (June) Child (Andrea) #1 #2 #3 Anti-A NO ye, NO you Anti-B Yes no You Anti-Rh no Yus Ya 8. Blood reacting to anti-A is group A. Blood reacting to anti-B is group B. Blood reacting to both anti-A and anti-B is group AB. Blood not reacting to either anti-A or anti-B is group O. Blood reacting to anti-Rh (D) is Rh+; blood not reacting to anti-Rh (D) is Rh- Use this information to complete the Blood Group Determination table. 2010 Goin Biological Sucy Conny Prin USA CAROLINA S-1 1. European Food Safety Authority GMO Panel Working Group on Animal Feeding Trials. "Safety and nutritional assessment of GM plants and Synthetic Blood: Paternity Test Student Guide Blood Group Determination Mother (June) Possible Fathers ABO group Child (Andrea) #1 #2 3 Rh (D) group AB A B А 9. Duplication of lab tests is important; therefore, compare agglutination results with another student When you and your partner are satisfied that both tables are accurate and complete, answer the questions below independently Questions Each person's ABO group is controlled by a pair of alleles-one ABO controlling allele from the mother and one from the father. The ABO controlling alleles A B, and O can pair up six different ways, but they only produce four different ABO blood groups: A, B, AB, and O. ABO Blood Group o A Alleles ОО AIA or AIO B/B or BIO A/B B AB 1. As shown by your tests, baby Andrea is group AB, with alleles AlB. What allele did Andrea receive from her B В mother June? 2. What allele must have come to Andrea from her father? 3. Which of the possible fathers, if any, is genetically excluded by your ABO data from being Andrea's father? #2 2010 Carolina Biologia Supply Company Printed in USA CAROLINA S-2 Feeding Trials. "Safety and nutritional assessment of GM blants du NAME Andon Harning DATE Student Guide Synthetic Blood: Paternity Test Student Guide 4. The dominant allele D must be present for a person to be Rh+. An Rh+ person is either Did or DID. An Rh-person is did, homozygous recessive. a. What are June's alleles for the Rh factor? d/a 3 4 5.4 b. As shown by your tests, baby Andrea is Rh+. What alleles does Andrea have for the Rh factor? Did G a 6 C b c. What Rh allele must have come to Andrea from her father? D TI Sar od 5. Which of the possible father or fathers are genetically excluded by Rh factor data from being Andrea's father? #1 6. Which possible father is a good candidate for paying child support for Andrea? #3 C2010 Carolina Biological Supply Company/Printed in USA CAROLINA
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