dipus HA 30 jears ni 99721 uoy luoy Dua Hobby H10 WRITING A Benonto RESEARCH PAPER ded dora 0 nas risis ons, paper What You Will Learn in This Chapter To choose a topic for your research To find and evaluate sources To organize, write, and revise your research - To cite and document your sources using MLA style paper ass LOY Cor ce, he n s, CS у VISCO Wh hy is it worthwhile to write a research paper? (Apart from the fact that you want a passing grade in the class , that is.) While you can learn much by exploring your own responses to a literary work, there is no substitute for entering into a conversation with others who have studied and thought about your topic. Literary criticism is that conversation. Your reading will expose you to the ideas of others who can shed light on a story, poem, or play. It will introduce you to the wide range of informed opinions that exist about literature, as about almost any subject. Sometimes, too, your research will uncover information about an author's life that leads you to new insights into a literary work. Undertaking a research paper gives you a chance to test your ideas against those of others, and in doing so to clarify your own opinions. ornia, BROWSE THE RESEARCH DOY a The most daunting aspect of the research paper may well be the mountains of information available on almost any literary subject. It can be hard to know where to begin. Sifting through books and articles is part of the research process. Unfortunately, the first material you uncover in the library or on the Internet is rarely the evidence you need to develop or support your thesis. Kep looking until you uncover helpful sources. 6 Snisal Another common pitfall in the process is the idea has already been examined a dozen times over. But take heart: like on a topic is bound to be different from someone else's. After all, thousands view. Your idea may have been treated, but not yet by you. Your particular take published professors, you can listen without abandoning your own point of of books have been written on Shakespeare's plays, but people still find new Sto say about them. Od up listan 000 Nonmoto Toz odstugon chow to get le creeping feeling that your things 137912 gadi, oldin engaging process. The more interesting, use you have already begun. 159 CHOOSE A TOPIC: FORMULATE YOUR ARGUMENT Find a topic that interests you. A crucial first step in writing a research paper is coming up with a topic that interests you. If you start with a topic begin with a topic that intrigues you, developing a compelling research that bores you, the process will be a chore and yield dull results. But if you question becomes easier, and seeking its answer will prove to be a more paper that results will inevitably be stronger and Find a way to get started. Browsing through online journal articles and blogs, or skimming through books of literary criticism in the library, can freewriting, listing, and clustering can also help you to generate ideas on a specific work of literature. If you take notes and jot down ideas as they occur to you, when you start the formal writing process you will discover ** Keep your purpose and audience in mind. Refer often to the assignment, 510 and approach your essay accordingly. Think of your audience as well—is it your professor, your classmates, or some hypothetical reader? As you plan your essay, keep your audience's expectations and needs in mind. Identify an argument—your thesis-that you hope to support with research, and look for material that will help you demonstrate its G plausibility, Your thesis is a work in progress. Do not be afraid to let it evolve as you research your topic and reflect on your findings. Remember; yli the ideal research paper is based on your own observations and interpreta- tions of a literary text. noto VOTO BEGIN YOUR RESEARCH HOHOHT WOHL Writing a research paper on literature calls for two kinds of sources. First, there are your primary sources—the literary works that are the central subject of your paper. Then there are your secondary sources—the critical or biographi- cal books, articles, web and database resources that discuss the author or work you are examining. In writing a research paper, your task is to use both kinds of sources to develop a sustained and logical discussion of a specific topic. su miltiq normos Tortona Reliable Web Sources Timine, od vbrala As you begin your research, your first impulse may be to search online for websites and blogs that discuss your topic. If so, proceed with care. Websites may be written and published by anybody for any purpose, with no oversight, Even the online reference site Wikipedia, for example, is an amalgamation of voluntary contributors and is rife with small factual errors and contributor biases. Carefully analyze any material you gather from a general online search and compare it with other reputable sources of information. To garner the best ces possible, take these steps: SHIT pildil Begin Your Research 1145 esearch topic if you search more bilder er and nod es and y, can ming, eas on = they cover 2017 ment, -is it plan with e its et it ber: reta- Begin your search at a reliable website. To avoid sloppy and inaccurate Hol sites, begin your search with one of the following excellent guides through Ho cyberspace: 123gia OBUOQ Toy give read bluos zmo bLibrary of Congress's Alcove 9. Fortunately, you don't have to trek to m Washington to visit this venerable institution's annotated collection Toon of reference websites in the humanities and social sciences. For your purpose—writing a literary research paper-access the Subject Index, click on "Literatures in English," and then click “Literary Criticism." This will take you to a list of metapages and websites with collections of reliable critical and biographical materials on authors and their works. (A metapage provides links to other websites.) • ipl2. The aggregation of two popular research websites, Internet Public odh Library and Librarians' Internet Index, ipl2 is hosted and maintained by Drexel University's College of Science and Technology and a consor- TUO tium of other universities. This site lets you search for literary criticism by author, work, country of origin, or literary period. V. Library Spot. This is a portal to more than 5,000 libraries around the The world, and to periodicals, online texts, reference works, and links will to metapages and websites on any topic including literary criticism. llegar This carefully maintained site is published by StartSpot Mediaworks, stuern Inc., in the Northwestern University/Evanston Research Park in yon Evanston, Illinois.to ac, ple rigjeve dhe po i maven évi • Voice of the Shuttle. Research links in more than twenty-five categories ad in the humanities and social sciences, including online texts, libraries, angre academic websites, and metapages, may be found at this site. It was e developed and is maintained by Dr. Alan Liu in the English Department done of the University of California, Santa Barbara. iwolloin salotti - Learn to use Internet search engines effectively. If you do decide to 119 start with a general search of the web, try using the "advanced” search option, entering keywords to get results that contain those words (“LITERARY CRITICISM” “A DOLL'S HOUSE” or SYMBOLISM "THE LOTTERY”). Many Internet search engines provide a link to an advanced search form that offers ways for you to refine or restrict the 90 website source, or country. 101 soa vibsord o sys Print Resources odoa oldslisve pbildią to VETAR JEEV ons alqoy lood Don't overlook books and print journals. Until quite recently, most liter- ary material existed solely in print-and only some of these resources have been transferred into digital formats. When you are hunting down secondary sources, a good place to begin is your campus library. Plan to spend some time thumbing through scholarly books and journals, looking for passages that you find particularly interesting or that pertain to your topic . Begin your search with the online catalog to get a sense of where you might find the books and journals you need. a nere t of bhi- ork sof for tes ht. of or ch -st Chapter 30 - Writing a Research Paper s Pr ас SC E as f1 ロロロロ L fo V C L Visu The will e on GO To choose from the many books available on your library's shelves and through interlibrary loan, you might turn to book reviews for a sense of which volumes would best suit your purpose. Book Review Digest contains the full texts of many book reviews and excerpts of others. The Digest may be found in printed form in the reference section of your campus library, which may print version, you will need the author's name, title, and date of first publica- tion of any book for which you hope to find a review, Also helpful is the multivolume Dictionary of Literary Biography. This useful series of more than 360 volumes has entries on most well-known authors and presents excerpts of the best scholarship with complete citations. You may be able to research your entire paper from this comprehensive source alone. Many schools have either a print version of this reference work or subscribe to its online database. Scholarly journals are another excellent resource for articles on your topic. Indexes to magazines and journals may be found in your library's refer- ence section or on your library's website. Online Databases Most college libraries subscribe to specialized online database services covering all academic subjects—treasure troves of reliable sources. If you find yourself unsure of how to use your library's database system, ask the reference librarian to help you get started. Or explore the section on databases or research tools on your library's website to see what your school has available on literature. Many college library home pages provide students with access to subscription databases, which means that if you really can't bear to leave your comfy desk at home, you can still pay a virtual visit. The following databases are particularly useful for literary research: Literature Resource Center (Thomson Gale) provides biographies, bibli- Hotographies, and critical analyses of more than 120,000 authors and their work. This information is culled from journal articles and reference works. MLA International Bibliography, the Modern Language Association's database, is an excellent way to search for books and full-text articles on literary topics. Google Scholar provides one of the simplest ways to broadly search for a topic across a vast array of publicly available scholarly articles, theses, books, and other research documents. Some documents may require a university login to access. - JSTOR, a nonprofit organization, indexes articles or abstracts from an archive of journals in more than fifty disciplines. Literature Online (LION) provides a vast searchable database of critical articles and reference works as well as full texts of more than 300,000 Librar politi letters availa check If so, would ( suppo reade shoul here, ment works of prose, poetry, and drama. ch 1147 Project Muse, a helves and e of which ns the full be found sciences. which may online or fields. e st publica- aphy. This wn authors s. You may rce alone. subscribe collaboration between publishers and libraries, offers access to more than 400 journals in the humanities, arts, and social · EBSCO, a multisubject resource, covers literature and the humanities, as well as the social sciences, the medical sciences, linguistics, and other CHECKLIST: Finding Reliable Sources Locate reputable websites by starting at a reputable website designed Visit your campus library. Ask the reference librarian for advice. Check the library catalog for books and journals on your topic. Look into the online databases subscribed to by your library. for that purpose. on your ary's refer- Visual Images vering all elf unsure help you air library's ge library ch means still pay a The web is an excellent source of visual images. If a picture, chart, or graph will enhance your argument, you may find the perfect one via an image search on Google, PicSearch, or other search engines. The digital collections at the Library of Congress website offer a wealth of images documenting American political , social, and cultural history—including portraits, prints, photographs , letters, and original manuscripts. Remember, though, that not all images are available for use by the general public. If there is an image you want to use, check for a copyright notice to see if its originator allows it to be reproduced. If so, you may include the photograph, provided you credit your source as you would if you were quoting text. a) ni to ili erit haigesi 2'7el seu One note on images: use them carefully. Choose visuals that provide supporting evidence for the point you are trying to make or that enhance your reader's understanding of the work. Label your images with captions. Your goal should be to make your argument more convincing. In the example included here, a reproduction of Brueghel's painting helps to advance the author's argu- ment and provide insight into Auden's poem. odit op JE Z 2 endom research: es, bibli- and their ce works. ociation's -ticles on rch for a 5, theses, require a Трана from an been Also, indestellen AlysterBnt bris nostrtomuto sorra o antis by Hoqque os sonsbivs as spomis 1 10 11 12 1 me 100 mun sng a liwe nan rojgro 10 ohne abivorghe I critical 300,000 79 Plame et information or theorie cently published material you aranygoo borto seil botichowo niemasbull
Purchase answer to see full attachment