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1. On the surface, Borowski and Lispector write two very different stories, but both share themes of identity, rage, and the question of how the self relates to the other. Select one theme, and compare and contrast how Borowski and Lispector approach that theme. Include one quote from each author to support your point.

2. Adorno once said that writing poetry after the Holocaust is barbaric, but Celan and Amichai have risen to prominence as two extremely important poets. In fact, Celan and Amichai have been widely considered the two most important Jewish poets since the Holocaust. Celan’s “Deathfugue” is perhaps one of the most famous post-Holocaust poems, and it relies on repetition of phrases and metaphors (e.g. “black milk of morning,” “we drink you at night,” “your golden hair Margarete,” “your ashen hair Shulamite”). For what purpose does Celan use repetition and metaphor in “Deathfugue”? How do Celan’s metaphors (and use of metaphors) compare to those of Amichai?

3. Borowski’s story has been described as one of the first to portray the concentration camps in the first person. What is the effect of telling the story in the first person?

1. Norton Anthology of World Literature

Read “This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen,” by Taduesz Borowski, in Volume 2.

Read “Deathfugue,” “Aspen Tree,” “Shibboleth,” by Paul Celan, in Volume 2.

Read “God Has Pity on Kindergarten Children,” “Tourists,” “Jerusalem,” “An Arab Shepherd Is Searching for His Goat on Mount Zion,” by Yehuda Amichai, in Volume 2.

Read “The Daydreams of a Drunk Woman,” by Clarice Lispector, in Volume 2.

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Themes, Devices, and Points of View in Literature
1.

On the surface, Borowski and Lispector write two very different stories, but both share

themes of identity, rage, and the question of how the self relates to the other. Select one
theme, and compare and contrast how Borowski and Lispector approach that theme.
Include one quote from each author to support your point.
In their work, Borowski and Lispector advance the theme of identity through their
characters albeit in different ways. In “This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen” in which
the narrator tells of his life in a concentration camp in the first person, Borowski brings out the
theme of identity through the prisoners’ lack of the same. At the camps, the prisoners are referred
to not by their names but by numbers reducing their identities to numerals. When determining
the number of those going to the gas chambers, for instance, an officer uses hash marks as...


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