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1- Identify and describe the five types of perceptual errors? For each one, detail a
strategy to minimize the potential impact.
Stereotyping is a type of perceptual errors that involves making positive or negative assumptions
about a given group of people that are often based on incorrect assumptions and applying these
presumptions to a member of the group. For example, rich people are mean to poor people is an
example of stereotyping error. The potential impacts of stereotyping can be minimized by
challenging these presumptions and generalizations to prove their inaccuracy. This involves
changing the views held by people about a given category or group of people and proving their
inaccuracy to minimize their impacts on the victim.
Halo effect involves using a single characteristic of an individual to deduct their general
impression. For example, if an individual is bad at a given dimension, he or she is often believed
to be good in other sectors as well. This generalization is wrong as it overlooks other aspects and
characteristics of an individual. This error can be minimized by keeping an open mind when
dealing with various individuals and evading the use of a single encounter to deduct the
characteristics of a person.
Self-serving bias involves attributing personal success to internal attributes while failures are
attributed to external factors. The impact of this error can be minimized by taking credit for
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individual failures and successes and evading the use of other factors and people as scapegoats
for individual failures.
Perceptual defense is a type of perceptual error whereby people defend their perceptions and
views of the world. After individual views are created, a person’s perception of the world is very
resistant to change. These individual views of the world can have profound impacts that can be
prevented by keeping an open mind and taking into consideration the views and opinions of
other people even though they might significantly differ from our own.
The similar-to-me effect is whereby people tend to favor individuals similar to them. For
example, in an interview, the interviewer might favor a candidate from their home state due to
their ability to relate to them. This error can be minimized by regarding other aspects of people
prior making conclusions about them or favoring them.
2- What's the difference between mindlessness and mindfulness?
How might
mindlessness and mindfulness impact worker performance? Provide at least three
(3) examples for each.
Mindfulness refers...