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An Ecological System Approach to for Examining the Risk Factor of the Abrupt Climatic
Change to Future of Human Survival
Climatic change is the process through which the pattern at of the environmental factors
of weather like the sun, the wind, and rain change. For a healthy environment, the changes are
supposed to be at a moderate level in such a manner that they do not bring any harm to human
beings or if they bring any harm humans can predict it on time and prevent the possible
disastrous effects like the death of human life or loss of property (Gamble et al.). However,
different human activities like oil spillage to rivers and oceans, emission of harmful gases to the
environment, and cutting down of forests which have changed the weather pattern in a negative
way which has resulted to a big danger to human well-being (Polasky et al. 399). The negative
climatic change or the global warming is one of the biggest issues in the modern world because it
has accelerated the process of getting diseases, unpredicted natural disasters that have killed
millions of people, and has significantly reduced the lifespan of human beings.
There has been numerous research that has been done to determine the extent of damage
that the drastic change in climatic pattern has on human wellbeing especially health for many
years, and the result continues to worsen each day as it the results of the different researchers
show. The government organizations, scientific organizations, and scientists from all over the
world have come up with theories and issues concerning global warming and the possible effect
on the future of human being. Climatic changes are attributes of the anthropogenic that a big
impact on the ecosystems. It belongs to the social ecological systems of ecology (Keller and
Duane). For example, the change in temperatures might result in death or immigration of animals
to search for higher elevations or latitudes to areas where there are pleasant temperatures to favor
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their existence (McMichael, Anthony, Rosalie, and Simon 867). Another example is rising sea
level ad increase in salt intrusion levels that causes the sea creatures to die or relocate in search
of fresh water resulting to extinctions of preys or predictors that are key the existing food chains.
The research will have a huge impact on contributing towards an effective positive social
change. It will help spread awareness of the danger that human existence is if there is a
continuation of environmental pollution by fossil fuels among other things that have led to abrupt
climatic changes (McMichael, Anthony, Rosalie, and Simon 862). It will change people attitude
towards exploiting the one environment that gives people a chance to exist. It will also act as a
reminder to organizations and the government since human needs to be reminded to take
measures that will promote or repair the climatic change into balance to reduce the possible
devastating future effects (Polaskyet al. 400). Some of the measures that the research is aiming to
achieve are to challenge human activities to reduce the amount they are using fossil fuels, reduce
the massive cutting down of trees, and emission of harmful substances to the water bodies among
other things that can reduce the global warming effects.
Work Cited
Gamble, Janet L., et al. "Analyses of the effects of global change on human health and welfare
and human systems. A Report by the US Climate Change Science Program and the
Subcommittee on Global Change Research." (2017).
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Keller, Edward A., and Duane E. DeVecchio. Natural hazards: earth's processes as hazards,
disasters, and catastrophes. Routledge, 2016.
McMichael, Anthony J., Rosalie E. Woodruff, and Simon Hales. "Climate change and human
health: present and future risks." The Lancet 367.9513 (2006): 859-869.
Polasky, Stephen, et al. "Decision-making under great uncertainty: environmental management
in an era of global change." Trends in ecology & evolution 26.8 (2011): 398-404.
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Week 2 Assignment
The Ethics and Literacy of Research
Walden University
In week 1, we discussed the Ecological System Approach for examining the risks of
sudden climatic change to the future of human survival. Climate change is the long-term change
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of weather conditions of a place recorded over an extended period. According to the discussion,
climate change has been caused by a lot of factors among them are the human factors like oil
spillage in the ocean, the release of hazardous gases into the atmosphere and deforestation.
However, climate change should occur gradually to give time to the human beings to predict it
and be able to protect themselves.
Global warming is the largest climatic disaster in the universe, and it has made the human
generation prone to diseases and thus shortening their lifespan. A lot of research studies have
shown that climate change has caused a lot of negative impacts on both the human generation as
well as the ecosystem and sometimes leading to their extinction especially if their adaptive
environments are altered with. The research studies will contribute positively to reducing the
negative impacts of climatic changes on the environment (Gamble, Janet L, 2017). Awareness
will be created to educate human being on ways to help reduce the effects of the climate on
climate change in the environment that they live in.
During data collection, some of the ethical concerns that should have been considered include:
Taking responsibility: Public awareness on ways to reduce the rate of climate change to the
human population. Human beings should take responsibility for polluting the environment in
which they live in. They should lower the release of hazardous gases into the atmosphere and
also be able to clean up water bodies after an oil spillage.
Individually one might take the responsibility to ensure minimal or no emissions that lead to
climate change shortly. This might include disposing of wastes in an environmentally friendly
manner.
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Adaptation of proper farming technologies: With effective communication and seminars,
most farmers will be advised on the best farming practices that will not lead to causes of climate
change. This will reduce the amounts of farm fertilizers that end up in the water bodies causing a
change in the ecosystem (Keller, Edward A., and Duane E. DeVecchio, 2016). By doing so,
negative impacts of climate change will be reduced soon.
The polluter pays principle: This principle states that for any person who is responsible for
polluting the environment, he or she should bear the cost of cleaning it up. For instance, most of
the developing countries have industries that release most gases to the environment, and when
cleaning up the situation, they should have the most significant share of cleaning it up to
minimize the impacts of climate change to humans and the ecosystem soon.
Educating different communities on the adverse effects that occur during deforestation. Most
people should see the adverse effects that come with cutting down of trees and embrace new
sources of energy and promote afforestation and re-afforestation.
With all these ethical considerations, the Institutional Review Board will not object to the
continuous research study on the impacts of climate change on human beings soon because, as a
researcher, you have the best interests of the participating community members at heart
(McMichael, Anthony J., Rosalie E. Woodruff, and Simon Hales, 2006). This is observed since
as a researcher I will be able to educate the people involved in the long-term negative impacts of
polluting the environment.
Some of the literacy concerns in impacts of climate change on human beings and the
ecosystem in the near future include the following:
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Media literacy where most people especially with the present generation have access to the
media. They gain information from the media, they read it, understand, evaluate and analyze it
and they are able to make decisions from that. Most people will be able to read and understand
the impacts of climate change and take a suitable course of action to reduce the negative impacts.
Information literacy. This is where most people should be educated and be equipped with
knowledge about climate change. Be able to know the causes, impacts and mitigation steps of
climate change. This will help most people to work effortlessly to ensure global warming and
climate change has been reduced to a minimal level.
Digital literacy is the ability to browse in the internet, chatting and working with databases.
With these digital skills, one is able to gain access to the information that is posted on the
internet. Once one has gained access to that information by browsing, they can be able to take
action to mitigate the impacts climate change on human beings in the future (Polasky, Stephen,
2011). One can also be able to subscribe to sites to always be updated once new information is
disseminated.
In conclusion, climate change and global warming is one of the disasters that has truck
the world due to mankind pollution to the environment. Anthropogenic activities like
deforestation, release of chlorofluorocarbon gases into the atmosphere, oil spillage into water
bodies, disposal of wastes and poor farming techniques have contributed enormously to the rapid
change of climate. With all the detrimental effects caused man to the environment, there is a
need for alarm and use of ethical concerns like taking responsibility to minimize pollution,
public awareness and fairness when cleaning up the already polluted environment to minimize
the negative impacts of climate change.
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Works Cited
Gamble, Janet L., et al. "Analyses of the effects of global change on human health and welfare
and human systems. A Report by the US Climate Change Science Program and the
Subcommittee on Global Change Research." (2017).
Keller, Edward A., and Duane E. DeVecchio. Natural hazards: earth's processes as hazards,
disasters, and catastrophes. Routledge, 2016.
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McMichael, Anthony J., Rosalie E. Woodruff, and Simon Hales. "Climate change and human
health: present and future risks." The Lancet 367.9513 (2006): 859-869.
Polasky, Stephen, et al. "Decision-making under great uncertainty: environmental management
in an era of global change." Trends in ecology & evolution 26.8 (2011): 398-404.
Running Head: RESEARCH ON GLOBAL WARNIMNG EFFECTS TO FUTURE HUMAN SURVIVAL
1
Ecological System Approach for Examining the Risk Factor of the global warming to Future of
Human Survival
Walden University
7/17/2018
Overview
RESEARCH ON GLOBAL WARNIMNG EFFECTS TO FUTURE HUMAN SURVIVAL
2
When one talks about abrupt environmental change, they simply mean global warming.
Understand what global warming requires one to learn several things like what it is, causes, and
adverse effects of the climatic changes. Abrupt climatic changes involves the changes in patterns
of environmental factor in a negative way to cause extreme effects like natural disasters. The
main cause of the changes is because of different human activities like mining, oil spillage and
air pollution (Gamble et al. 2017). Climatic change is part of ecological system known as
ecology. Ecology deals with topics that explain the relationship between organism to each other
and their physical surrounding (Keller & Duane 2016). The essay covers the problem statement
and research questions. Using the ecological system helps one to understand to focus on essential
areas when trying to find a solution to eradicate global warming. The paper will cover the
problem of the research that seeks to find the answer and research questions of the doctorial
study research.
Problem Statement
Since industrialization, human activities increased the rate at which they polluted the
environment. Many countries focused on industrialization to gain economic advantage, and
within time there was the invention of a lot of things like better transportation agents like cars
and ships. It is without a doubt that they helped make the life of a human being more
straightforward than it was before industrialization (McMichael et al. 2016). However, the more
inventions were made, the more the quality of environment continued to drop. Almost all
industries contribute to environmental pollution like releasing toxic gases into the air or spillage
of waste to water sources. Apart from that the different things that were invented like cars also
emit hazardous gasses to the environment and atmosphere. Additionally, since many countries
RESEARCH ON GLOBAL WARNIMNG EFFECTS TO FUTURE HUMAN SURVIVAL
3
became more industrialized making high populations to move and expansion of urban areas there
was a need for land or vegetation. It means that there was the massive cutting son of trees and
destruction of different water sources. Finally, there was littering of plastic resources which
cannot decompose and water bodies.
The process of massive destruction of massive destruction of the environment led to
drastic changes in weather patterns to an extent where even weather focusers could not predict
the exact weather in the coming days (Gamble et al. 2017). Additionally, the environmental
pollution has led to the emergence of many natural disasters like earthquakes, El Nino, and the
outbreak of new diseases. Furthermore, massive environmental pollution has led to the
destruction of the Ozone layer that prevents the direct rays from the sun which will make the
existence of earth unbearable (Polasky et al. 2011). Destruction of the Ozone layer is already
evidence due to the increased number of people who have skin cancer and other diseases that
have led to significant reduction of lifespan (Keller & Duane 2016). All this is described as the
process of global warming. If people from all over the world do not come together and start
taking measures that will help clean up the environment, then humans being will cause selfdestruction to themselves soon. Even though different policies have been placed to help the clean
environment, they have not been enough because many human activities still contribute to
environmental pollution.
Research questions
➢ What are the different factors that show evidence that global warming is real?
➢ To what extent has global warming affected the world and what are possible future
effects if a remedy is not found?
RESEARCH ON GLOBAL WARNIMNG EFFECTS TO FUTURE HUMAN SURVIVAL
4
➢ What measures and policies do human beings need to take to stop global warming?
The Rationale of the Research Questions
There are three specific research questions that I have chosen to help gain an in-depth
about global warming. The first question focus on finding whether global warming is true or it is
just a theory by some individuals. The research question will help me collect data and have a
deeper understanding of the background history of when global warming started, how the actual
data that shows that global warming exists. It will help me confirm that global warming exists
thus proofing why the topic is worth researching. The second question focus on what global
warming has caused since it started and the different predictions of the effects it will create in
future. The question will help me find information that focuses explicitly on the impact of global
warming on humankind and the extent to which it poses a danger to future human survival. It
focuses on the different destructions like temperatures, purity of the air people breathe, water
systems, land purity and stability, and weather patterns. The question will help understand what
can happen to human survival if the case is not resolved
Finally, the third question focus on the possible solution that will help reduce or eradicate
global warming process to enhance the human life quality. It focuses on answering the problem
identified in the problem statement. Additionally, it helps in focusing on the gaps of the solutions
that have been provided in the past and focus on what why they have not been effective and what
can be done to make sure that the solution offered will address the issue adequately.
References
RESEARCH ON GLOBAL WARNIMNG EFFECTS TO FUTURE HUMAN SURVIVAL
5
Gamble, J., et al. (2017). Analyses of the effects of global change on human health and welfare
and human systems. A Report by the US Climate Change Science Program and the
Subcommittee on Global Change Research.
Keller, E. & Duane, D. (2016). Natural hazards: earth's processes as hazards, disasters, and
catastrophes. Routledge.
McMichael, A., Rosalie, W., & Hales, S. (2016). Climate change and human health: present and
future risks.The Lancet, 9513(367): p859-869.
Polasky, S., et al. (2011). Decision-making under great uncertainty: environmental management
in an era of global change. Trends in ecology & evolution, 26 (8): p398-404.
Running head: GLOBAL WARMING EFFECTS TO HUMAN SURVIVAL
1
Ecological System Approach for Examining the Risk Factor of the global warming to Future of
Human Survival
Layal Mansour
Walden University
7/26/2018
GLOBAL WARMING EFFECTS TO HUMAN SURVIVAL
2
Global Warming Effects to Human Survival
The research topic deals with effects of global warming on the future health of human beings.
There have been rising concerns about the global warming because it is growing fast and there
are possibilities of the destruction of the conducive environment to the point of not sustaining
human existence. Even though there have numerous suggestion and steps taken to prevent further
environmental pollution that has contributed profoundly to global warming it has not been
enough (Keller & Duane 2016). To ensure that the research focuses on the area of research to
find the best solution, one ends to come up with a good problem statement, a set of research
questions, the approach of study, good place for obtaining data, and best statistical analysis
methods.
Problem Statement
Since industrialization, human activities increased the rate at which they polluted the
environment. Many countries focused on industrialization to gain economic advantage, and
within time there was the invention of a lot of things like better transportation agents like cars
and ships. It is without a doubt that they helped make the life of a human being more
straightforward than it was before industrialization (McMichael et al. 2016). However, the more
inventions were made, the more the quality of environment continued to drop. Almost all
industries contribute to environmental pollution like releasing toxic gases into the air or spillage
of waste to water sources. Apart from that the different things that were invented like cars also
emit hazardous gasses to the environment and atmosphere. Additionally, since many countries
became more industrialized making high populations to move and expansion of urban areas there
was a need for land or vegetation. It means that there was the massive cutting son of trees and
GLOBAL WARMING EFFECTS TO HUMAN SURVIVAL
destruction of different water sources. Finally, there was littering of plastic resources which
cannot decompose and water bodies.
The process of massive destruction of the environment led to drastic changes in weather
patterns to an extent where even weather focusers could not predict the exact weather for a
period exceeding few days (Gamble et al. 2017). Additionally, the environmental pollution has
led to the emergence of many natural disasters like earthquakes, El Nino, and the outbreak of
new diseases. Furthermore, massive environmental pollution has led to the destruction of the
Ozone layer that prevents the direct rays from the sun which will make the existence of earth
unbearable (Polasky et al. 2011). Destruction of the Ozone layer is already evidence due to the
increased number of people who have skin cancer and other diseases that have led to significant
reduction of lifespan (Keller & Duane 2016). All this is described as the process of global
warming. If people from all over the world do not come together and start taking measures that
will help clean up the environment, then humans being will cause self-destruction to themselves
soon. Even though different policies have been placed to help the clean environment, they have
not been enough because many human activities still contribute to environmental pollution.
Research questions
➢ What are the different factors that show evidence that global warming is real?
➢ To what extent has global warming affected the world and what are possible future
effects if a remedy is not found?
➢ What measures and policies do human beings need to take to stop global warming?
Approach of Study
3
GLOBAL WARMING EFFECTS TO HUMAN SURVIVAL
4
The research will comprise of the pragmatic research approach that is commonly used
when it comes to ecological approach research. The method is a mixture of qualitative approach
and quantitative approach (Brannen 2017). The reason for using the pragmatic analysis is
because the information that the research topic need include qualitative research and well as
quantitative research. The qualitative approach will focus on information that explains more on
global warming, the solutions are given, and the view of other researchers. The quantitative
approach will focus on weather pattern changes and the mathematical part of approximating the
amount of damage over the years (Bernard 2017).
Secondary Sources
To ensure that the right information and accuracy of the doctoral research it is vital to
consider the data set to get the information. Information can be obtained from either primary or
secondary sources. In this case, the research will heavily depend on secondary data sets. To be
specific, it will mostly rely on journal articles, the government official sites, organizational
records, and books. The reason for choosing government sites is because they provide accurate
information that has been researched by qualified researchers. It will serve as a reference to the
journal article because most of them are exaggerated but also have important points and
perspectives. Additional, most journal articles provide latest information and trend on
information. Finally, the organizational files and documents are vital also because they will back
up the government information and facts regarding the topic (Boslaugh 2007).
Plan for Statistical Analysis
GLOBAL WARMING EFFECTS TO HUMAN SURVIVAL
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The statistical analysis of the research will focus on both the descriptive analysis and
inferential analysis. The descriptive analysis will help in doing a summary of all the quantitative
data obtained from different secondary sources. It will help in bringing the general message that
the secondary sources show (Lewis 2015). Then I will apply the inferential analysis to help bring
out the specific message that the secondary data present to give a more in-depth and meaning full
understand the different conclusions made about global warming. The first measure that I will
use is finding the mean of the different finding from the secondary sources based on the
probability of global warming starting, measure their standard deviation and then doing
regression analysis. Finally, I will make a meaningful conclusion on the findings using
hypothesis testing to make sure that they are as accurate as possible. The hypothesis testing will
rely heavily on the probability of the different conclusions based on predicting future happens of
global warming.
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References
Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative
approaches. Rowman & Littlefield.
Brannen, J. (Ed.). (2017). Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. Routledge.
Boslaugh, S. (2007). Secondary data sources for public health: A practical guide. Cambridge
University Press.
Cook, J., Oreskes, N., Doran, P. T., Anderegg, W. R., Verheggen, B., Maibach, E. W., ... &
Nuccitelli, D. (2016). Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on
human-caused global warming. Environmental Research Letters, 11(4), 048002.
Crate, S. A., & Nuttall, M. (Eds.). (2016). Anthropology and climate change: from encounters to
actions. Routledge.
Gamble, J., et al. (2017). Analyses of the effects of global change on human health and welfare
and human systems. A Report by the US Climate Change Science Program and the
Subcommittee on Global Change Research.
Hawken, P. (2017). Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Roll Back
Global Warming. Penguin.
Karl, T. R., Melillo, J. M., Peterson, T. C., & Hassol, S. J. (Eds.). (2009). Global climate change
impacts in the United States. Cambridge University Press.
GLOBAL WARMING EFFECTS TO HUMAN SURVIVAL
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Keller, E. & Duane, D. (2016). Natural hazards: earth's processes as hazards, disasters, and
catastrophes. Routledge.
Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five
approaches. Health promotion practice, 16(4), 473-475.
McMichael, A., Rosalie, W., & Hales, S. (2016). Climate change and human health: present and
future risks.The Lancet, 9513(367): p859-869.
Polasky, S., et al. (2011). Decision-making under great uncertainty: environmental management
in an era of global change. Trends in ecology & evolution, 26 (8): p398-404.
Revesz, R. L., Howard, P. H., Arrow, K., Goulder, L. H., Kopp, R. E., Livermore, M. A., ... &
Sterner, T. (2014). Global warming: Improve economic models of climate
change. Nature, 508(7495), 173-175.
Urban, M. C. (2015). Accelerating extinction risk from climate change. Science, 348(6234), 571573.
Running head: QUALITATIVE STUDY
1
Qualitative Study Global Warming Effects to Human Survival
Layal Mansour
Walden University
QUALITATIVE STUDY
2
Introduction
To understand the concept of climatic change and how it affects the world, it is important
to conduct research and evaluate evidence from different sources. Both qualitative and
quantitative data provides important insight on the topic of climatic change and its effects on the
community. In the current study, we shall collect qualitative data that will help further our
knowledge of the effects of climatic change and how this is perceived in the community.
Awasthy and Gupta (2015) define qualitative research as a process of naturalistic inquiry that
seeks to understand social phenomena in their natural settings. Qualitative research collect
information on direct human experiences to draw meaning with a special focus on individuals,
societies, culture, and language.
Three Qualitative Questions that could be asked
In qualitative research, a researcher assumes that knowledge is subjective with them
learning from the participants to understand the meaning. Awasthy and Gupta (2015) note that
qualitative research requires one to go out, talk to people, observe their conduct and behavior,
and how they perceive and interpret things. Climatic change especially global warming continues
to be a serious public concern across the world. To understand how the community views this
issue, we shall ask the following qualitative questions:
➢ What do you think is the major cause of global warming?
➢ Which effect of global warming have you noted in your immediate environment?
➢ What should be done to address global warming?
These three questions will be instrumental in getting the views of the community on the
issue of global warming. Having established global warming as an issue of concern, the first
QUALITATIVE STUDY
3
question seeks to help us learn what the community perceive to be the main cause of global
warming. The second qualitative question seeks to understand how the community feel global
warming has affected their personal life. The third question seeks the views of the community in
addressing global warming. With these three questions, the researchers will be able to understand
the views of the community on what causes global warming, its effect on their lives, and a
possible solution to the problem.
A Comparison of the Qualitative Questions with the Quantitative Question(s)
Smith (2013) note that where a mixed-research method is adopted in a study, both
qualitative and quantitative methods should supplement each other. In undertaking this study,
and to gain a better understanding of global warming, the qualitative questions selected should
be in a supplement on the quantitative questions used in the study. Initially, the first quantitative
question sought to understand and demonstrate the evidence of global warming. Likewise, the
first qualitative question seeks to understand the community view of global warming and its
major causes. The second quantitative question had sought to explore the current effect and
future effects of global warming. Similarly, the second qualitative research question seeks to
review the immediate effects of global warming in the community. While the quantitative
research seeks to have an understanding of the effects of the phenomena on in the future, the
qualitative research questions seek to have an understanding of the current observable effects.
Like the third quantitative question, the qualitative question seeks to have a view on possible
solutions to the problem. As such, the three questions supplement each other and seek to explore
the issue of global warming deeply.
QUALITATIVE STUDY
4
Qualitative Data Collection Methods Most Appropriate
Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research requires the use of different tools to
collect data required to interpret. Interviews between the researcher and the individual who
provide answers to the qualitative questions are one of the means of collecting qualitative data.
In qualitative research, interviews enable the participants to give detailed research answers.
Focus group interviews on a specific topic is another tool for collecting data on a given topic.
This requires a study with a small group of people. This tool helps the researcher to gather
information among a group of people, especially in a limited time. Another research tool
commonly used to collect qualitative research data research is observation. This is where the
researcher goes out in the field and collect notes on a given topic. Observation helps the
researcher to collect first-hand information.
Stakeholders to include in Planning and Implementing Data Collection
In planning and implementing the data collection and analysis, it is important to consider
the different stakeholders involved (Barnham, 2015). One of the key stakeholders are the
participants whom I will consider. In undertaking the research, I should ensure no harm or
ethical violations against the participants should be encountered. Ensuring that all ethical factors
are considered, and any potential harm is eliminated ensure the research is a success. In the event
of underage or participants with special interests, special protections are required and should be
provided for.
QUALITATIVE STUDY
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References
Awasthy, R., & Gupta, R. K. (2015). Qualitative Research in Management: Methods and
Experiences. New Delhi: Sage Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Barnham, C. (2015). Quantitative and qualitative research. International Journal of Market
Research, 57(6), 837-854.
Smith, T. (2013). Qualitative and quantitative research. Research Starters: Education (Online
Edition)
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