American history since 1877

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This paper will be on The Industrial Age in America

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GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH PAPER American history since 1877 Wayland Baptist University ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ 5 pages minimum. No more than 7 pages (excluding title and resource pages). Must include title page and resource page. An abstract is not required. 1” margin at top and bottom of each page. 1.25” left and right margins. Write in APA format. Double spaced pages. Adhere to WBU rules concerning plagiarism• Plagiarism may lead to a failing grade on your paper Be sure not to stray from main thesis topic. Font must be “Times New Roman” or “Century”, size 12. 5 sources minimum• Use acceptable academic sources such asPrimary sources- Professional journals, white papers, documents, etc. Secondary sources- Scholarly books, electronic sources, etc. • Caution on use of WikipediaDo not cite Wikipedia directly. Instead, verify material through listed citations (if viable) and research them for validity. • Examples of unacceptable sourcesE-sources without citations or author. Snopes.com Blogs Media publications (Time, Life, ADN, Huffington Post, etc.) • Use at least one electronic source (Verify legitimacy of source) Be specific in choosing a thesis topic. A topic that is too broad can be overwhelming. Include your “thesis” somewhere within the first two paragraphs of your first page. Write in a narrative style. No sub-headings. Choose a topic that interests you. This will enhance enthusiasm. Your paper (thesis) can be on any post 1876 American History related topic such as: 1. Construction of the Panama Canal 2. The Apache Wars 3. Andrew Carnegie 4. A specific battle during WW1 5. Terrorism in the 20th Century 6. The Cold War 7. The Vietnam War 8. The President McKinley assassination 9. Historical advancements in medicine 10. The Industrial Age in America 11. Women of the West 12. History of American crime 13. Henry Ford 14.The FDR Administration 15. Historical figures of WW2 16. The history of aviation 17. The Roaring Twenties 18. History of space exploration 19. Any historical figure of significance 20. History of the space program Running head: THE OTTOMAN RISE FROM ISLAMIC EMPIRE 1 NOTE: The running head is a shortened version of the paper’s full title, The running head cannot exceed 50 characters, including spaces and punctuation. The running head’s title should be in capital letters. The running head should be flush left, and page numbers should be flush right. The term "running head" will not be used on subsequent pages. The Ottoman Rise from Islamic Empire to Nation-State Ron DeWitt University of Alaska Fairbanks NOTE: The title should be centered on the page, typed in 12-point Times New Roman Font. It should not be bolded, underlined, or italicized. THE OTTOMAN RISE FROM ISLAMIC EMPIRE 2 NOTE: Subsequent pages do not include the term "running head". The abstract is optional for this course. Abstract The contemporary chaotic condition of most Middle Eastern countries does little to enhance hope for the betterment of those nations. The bloody violence of the Arab spring in 2011 demonstrated the social instability and the overall malevolent mindset of the Semitic populace. It is difficult to imagine that such nations as Egypt, Libya, Iraq, and Tunisia were once part of the great Ottoman empire, an ancient culture that remained intact for more than seven-hundred years. At the conclusion of the First World War all that remained of the last great empire was the secular state of Turkey. Beginning at the height of its' power, the Ottomans witnessed a slow but steady transformation from an empire to a secular nation state that rejected the autocratic rule of Islam being incorporated into its' modern government and social infrastructure. Why was Turkey the only Arabic nation that resorted to establishing a secular state? What were the reasons behind the governmental transformation of the Ottoman empire from the fifteenth century to the post-World War I era? This paper will explain the answers to these provocative questions by examining the motivations behind the growth of the Ottoman military complex (a major contributor to Ottoman growth) and the political transformation of the empire's infrastructure. A key concept in this study is the Tanzimat (or modernization) , the driving forces behind it, and its' effect upon the empire and its' people. Furthermore, the reasons for the rejection of Islam being incorporated into the modern Ottoman government and social lifestyle will be discussed. NOTE: The abstract is a brief summary of the paper, allowing readers to quickly review the main points and purpose of the paper. THE OTTOMAN RISE FROM ISLAMIC EMPIRE 2 [Title] The Ottoman Rise from Islamic Empire to Nation-State Anatolia--the geographical land mass jutting out into the Black sea bridging Europe and Asia together is legendary for its' ancient historical empires that left their mark on the growth of world civilization. Renowned empires from the malevolent Hittites through the Christian Byzantines have all called this embattled territory home. However, no other conquering society has been more impressionable in terms of its' paradoxical governance than Turkey--the governing epicenter of the once mighty Ottoman empire. These ancient Seljuk people usurped this segment of land from legendary Byzantine empire, the last vestige of the great Roman empire, and would experience extreme political transformations from a religious dominated governance of loosely controlled city-states to a secular nationalist state government well into the twenty-first century.(Karsh, 2007) To this very day Turkey is the only Muslim dominated country that functions as a secular nation. In light of what has transpired in neighboring Muslim nations throughout the Middle-East, how is this possible? How did an empire of city-states change into a permanent secular nation-state that still embraces the Islamic faith? This paper will explain how this was made possible from the Ottomans' zenith of power during the besieging of Constantinople through the 1922 treaty of Lausanne. [Thesis] The history of Turkey can be traced back to the discovery of the Islamic religion in Mecca in 610 A.D. by a seemingly inconsequential, illiterate merchant named Muhammad. His historical revelation of the angel Gabriel bestowing authority upon him to establish the newly founded Islamic faith would forever alter the eastern world hemisphere for centuries to come . . . . . THE OTTOMAN RISE FROM ISLAMIC EMPIRE 32 . . . . the Ottomans were doomed to failure since the late eighteenth century with rising debt and attempting to find ways to maintain its' holdings. (Cleveland, 2004) Attempts to modernize its' military was a step in the right direction but it came much too late to turn the tide of ruination. This problem was also coupled with incompetent leadership throughout the nineteenth century and corruption within the Ottoman government. When government leaders cast aside national loyalty in exchange for selfish gain a nation becomes doomed. Moreover, the enmity between supporters on Tanzimat and Islamic traditionalists tore the empire apart from within. These combined problems opened the door for opportunistic European powers to infiltrate and forever change the face of the Middle-East. In spite of these setbacks, Turkey survived and established itself as the only productive and progressive Muslim dominated nation in the eastern hemisphere. Ironically, what contributed to this was its' substantial loss of territory thus reducing its' financial burden, coupled with the pragmatism of dispensing with the iron rule of Sharia law. How much longer secular Turkey will prevail is subject to much speculation. Current events demonstrate that a shift in ideology is in progress towards reverting back to pre-Kemal governance. Many of the once dominate pictorials and photos of Ataturk have vanished from public view. Only a few statutes of him remain and for how long is anyone's guess. His title as "father of Turkey" is being drowned out by aggressive proponents of Sharia law as practiced in the early days of the Ottoman empire. (Gifford, 2014) A shift in Turkey's political philosophy would undoubtedly have a domino effect upon relations with Russia, Germany, the Middle East, and U.S. foreign policy. NOTE: Examples of citations are highlighted in yellow. The final page is the conclusion where you will sum up your findings. Bibliography Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined Communities. London: Verso. Cleveland, W. (2004). A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder, Colorado: Perseus. Craig, A. M., Graham, W. A., Kagan, D., Ozment, S., & Turner, F. M. (2011). The Heritage of World Civilizations. Upper Saddle River, new Jersey: Prentice Hall. Findley, C. (2010). Turkey, Islam, Nationalism, and Modernity. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. Gardner, N. (Director). (2008). Rome: Rise and Fall of an Empire [Documentary Film]. Gifford, M. (2014, June 20). (R. DeWitt, Interviewer) Horton, G. (1919, October 13). Political Report from Smyrna. Retrieved from Fold 3 History and Geneology Archives: http://www.footnotelibrary.com/image/63430335/ Horton, G. (1919, July 8). Telegram (to Secretary of State). Retrieved from Fold3 History and Geneology Archives: http://www.footnotelibrary.com/image/56522418/ Karsh, E. (2007). Islamic Imperialism. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. Kinzer, S. (2008). Crescent and Star. New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux. Millar, S. (2008). Vienna 1683: Christian Europe Repels the Ottomans. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing Ltd. News Sentinel Staff. (1922, September 15). The News Sentinel. Retrieved from Fold3 History and Geneology: http://www.footnotelibrary.com/image/252299523/ Turnbull, S. (2003). The Ottoman Empire: 1326-1699. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey. NOTE: First highlighted example shows how to list multiple authors. NOTE: Electronic sources indicate the URL. FOR ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCE FROM OWL-PURDUE REFER TO THE FOLLOWING WEBSITE: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/18/
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Outline: Cold War
I.

Introduction
Thesis statement: Unlike common belief, the Cold War was not a way of
reducing the strength of the Soviet Union even though it led to its collapse.

II.

The Military Factor

III.

The Political Factor

IV.

The Economic Factor

V.

The Social Factor

VI.

The Nuclear Factor

VII.

Conclusion


Running Head: THE COLD WAR

1

The Cold War
Student Name
Institutional Affiliation

THE COLD WAR

2
The Cold War

In the twentieth century, there were two significant wars witnessed in the world. These
wars were the first and second world wars, which left millions of people from around the world
dead and an unprecedented loss of property. According to Betts (2017), the time after the end of
the Second World War, many nations were ruined and had to take time to rebuild. It was a time
that people experienced a lot of their property being destroyed and losing loved ones due to the
number of people killed. After the war, many nations concentrated on reconstruction and
financial recovery. However, during the years in between the Second World War, there a new
form of war that started to be realized. It was a war of having ideological differences, which was
being experienced between two nations which emerged as superpowers after the Second World
War: the United States and the Soviet Union. This war was the war that came to be identified as
the Cold War. This war was seen as being a complex phenomenon since it did not have a lot of
armed conflicts. A major outcome and ultimate consequence of the Cold War was the Soviet
Union collapse, which saw the political and economic disintegration of the nations that formed
the Soviet Union. Unlike common belief, the Cold War was not a way of reducing the strength of
the Soviet Union even though it led to its collapse.
For a proper understanding of the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is vital to first put
everything into perspective as a way of evaluating war’s historical context by examining its
causes and consequences. According to Gilfillan and Xidias (2017), doing so will show that the
emerging strong nations that were major participants of the Cold War, the United States and the
USSR, engaged in the battle of supremacy on various occasions based on their ...


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