Writing essay-anth

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Total word count: 700, all the readings are attached in file, please check.

Here is the writing instruction:

  • Readings analysis.
    • Summarize how the differences between Schweder and Spiro reflect the differences between ideologies of universal mind versus culturally constituted mind, then
    • evaluate Piker, Bock, Baxter and Kondo: where do each of them fall on the continuum between ideas of universal and culturally constituted mind ? Then,
    • support your position by referring to Something specific in each article.

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Explanation & Answer

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Reference


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1
Universal and Culturally Constituted minds
Culturally constituted mind consists of cultural symbols have both unconscious and
connotative meanings. Culturally formed mind consists of both thinking and feeling although the
two aspects are not a part of the culture. Spiro states that culture does not consist of thoughts and
emotions but since emotions and thoughts are connected to persons culturally constituted mind is
not dependent on human actions (Jordan, Swartz, & Spiro, 1990). Cultural practices and
everyday actions trigger the culturally constituted mind. However, Spiro does not fully believe
that feelings and thoughts are a part of the culture. This would, therefore, mean that human
feelings and thoughts are not a part of the culture.
Richard Shweder, on the other hand, explains the universal mind as the kind of thinking
triggered by natural actions, progress and development, the history and deep structures.
Universal mind depends on reason and evidence that shows that something exists and it has an
importance. For instance, the study of ancient people was mostly based on evidence and not
theory. Richard Shweder believes that there is a lot more to the mind that reason and evidence.
People believe in ideologies, and for that reason, they can engage in ridiculous practices, and this
applies to the irrational mind. The beliefs of the ancient people defined their thinking and
behaviors. Through, anthropology they determined the behaviors of humans, their beliefs, and
understandings and related them to the rational thinking of general humans.
According to Kondo, the description of the theory of selfhood indicates that the outer self
is connected in a way to the inner self. The physical actions that individuals engage in a daily
basis affect the processes of spiritual change that people go through. Paying attention to the
physical and social forms that people experience every day can be difficult, and it's that difficulty

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or hardship that shapes their way of thinking and spiritual selves and also the ...


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