Write assignment about Hypothesis, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, and Conclusions.

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Wbwb21

Humanities

psy120

Cuyamaca College

Description

I need help for writing assignment 2 pages.

Find an experiment and tell me the following...

1) Hypothesis

2) Independent Variable (manipulation)

3) Dependent Variable (Measurement of behavior )

4) Conclusions.

Hypothesis - Does presenting faces of different races and different personality words change the Reaction time clicking on those words?

Manipulation: What faces are shown and which words are shown to the participants.

Measurement: Latency (reaction time) in Milliseconds between presentation of stimuli and choice.

Conclusions: Longer reaction time means that people take longer to make a choice - which requires thinking.

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Today, hypnotherapy is still used in a variety of formats, and it has evolved from Mesmer’s early tinkering with the concept. Modern hypnotherapy often uses a combination of relaxation, suggestion, motivation and expectancies to create a desired mental or behavioral state. Although there is mixed evidence on whether hypnotherapy can help with addiction reduction (e.g., quitting smoking; Abbot et al., 1998) there is some evidence that it can be successful in treating sufferers of acute and chronic pain (Ewin, 1978; Syrjala et al., 1992). For example, one study examined the treatment of burn patients with either hypnotherapy, pseudo-hypnosis (i.e., a placebo condition), or no treatment at all. Afterward, even though people in the placebo condition experienced a 16% decrease in pain, those in the actual hypnosis condition experienced a reduction of nearly 50% (Patterson et al., 1996). Thus, even though hypnosis may be sensationalized for television and movies, its ability to disassociate a person from their environment (or their pain) in conjunction with increased suggestibility to a clinician’s recommendations (e.g., “you will feel less anxiety about your chronic pain”) is a documented practice with actual medical benefits. Now, similar to hypnotic states, trance states also involve a dissociation of the self; however, people in a trance state are said to have less voluntary control l over their behaviors and actions. Trance states often occur in religious ceremonies, where the person believes he or she is “possessed” by an otherworldly being or force. While in trance, people report anecdotal accounts of a “higher consciousness” or communion with a greater power. However, the body of research investigating this phenomenon tends to reject the claim that these experiences constitute an “altered state of consciousness.” Most researchers today describe both hypnosis and trance states as “subjective” alterations of consciousness, not an actually distinct or evolved form (Kirsch & Lynn, 1995). Just like you feel different when you’re in a state of deep relaxation, so, too, are hypnotic and trance states simply shifts from the standard conscious experience. Researchers contend that even though both hypnotic and trance states appear and feel wildly different than the normal human experience, they can be explained by standard socio-cognitive factors like imagination, expectation, and the interpretation of the situation. You may have experienced the sensation, as you are falling asleep, of falling and then found yourself jerking forward and grabbing out as if you were really falling. Sleep is a unique state of consciousness. People generally follow a “biological clock” that impacts when they naturally become drowsy, when they fall asleep, and the time they naturally awaken. The hormone melatonin increases at night and is associated with becoming sleepy. Your natural daily rhythm, or Circadian Rhythm, can be influenced by the amount of daylight to which you are exposed as well as your work and activity schedule. Changing your location, such as flying from Canada to England, can disrupt your natural sleep rhythms, and we call this jet lag. You can overcome jet lag by synchronizing yourself to the local schedule by exposing yourself to daylight and forcing yourself to stay awake even though you are naturally sleepy. Interestingly, sleep itself is more than shutting off for the night (or for a nap). Instead of turning off like a light with a flick of a switch, your shift in consciousness is reflected in your brain’s electrical activity. While you are awake and alert your brain activity is marked by beta waves. Beta waves are characterized by being high in frequency but low in intensity. In addition, they are the most inconsistent brain wave and this reflects the wide variation in sensory input that a person processes during the day. As you begin to relax these change to alpha waves. These waves reflect brain activity that is less frequent, more consistent and more intense. As you slip into actual sleep you transition through 5 stages of sleep, each characterized by its own unique pattern of brain activity: Stage 1: is a light sleep and is marked by theta waves • Stage 2: is deeper sleep (here there are “sleep spindles,” or occasional very high intensity brain waves). Stage 3: is marked by greater muscle relaxation and the appearance of delta waves • Stage 4: is very relaxed and marked by delta waves • Stage 5: sleep marked by rapid eye movement (REM). It is here that people dream most vividly. Interestingly, this stage is—where brain activity is concerned—similar to wakefulness
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Explanation & Answer

In a few minutes

Running head: REACTION TIME DIFFRENCES

Reaction Time Differences
Student’s name
University
Year

1

REACTION TIME DIFFRENCES

2

Yes, there exists a variation in the reaction time taken when faces of people from
different races are presented to a group of people from other races. People take different
durations to react to different faces of people. When a group of people from different races are
presented with a picture of a person subjected to a particular mode of pain such as a piercing they
take different durations to show signs of empathy or shock depending on the race of the person
on the picture. It is evident that people react faster to pictures of people from their own race than
when presented with pictures of people from different races. From the research, we find out that
there exist variations in the reaction duration since the duration taken for the brain to change ...


Anonymous
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