Chapter 3 Territorial States

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Chapter 3 Discussion Forum: Territorial States

Territorial States

Introduction:

In the second millennium bce, the control and expansion of territorial states required negotiating new relationships with their neighbors, particularly in Egypt and Southwest Asia. These new interactions, involving economic, military, and political alliances, are the first recorded examples of international diplomacy. This exercise contains two examples of early peace treaties from the territorial states of Egypt and the Hittites. The Hittites were centered in the region of Anatolia, and at one point shared a border with Egypt in the Levant.

Alternatively, the territorial state of the Shang did not border any other territorial states. The strength of the Shang came from their ability to work bronze, especially to make bronze weapons. As long as they were able to maintain control over the copper and tin mines to the north, they kept their adversaries from obtaining bronze technology , which allowed them to maintain their position of authority. Consequently, bronze became an important status symbol during the Shang dynasty.

The Documents:

These documents can be found on attached DOCX file.

Document 1 is the text of a treaty signed by Ramses II and Hattusili III in 1258 BCE, finally making peace between the Egyptians and the Hittites after several years of open conflict and 15 years after the battle of Qadesh, the largest chariot battle in history.

Document 2 is a peace treaty of Tudhaliya IV, who ruled from 1237 BCE (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. to 1209 BCE and was a king of the Hittite Empire (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. and the son of Hattusili III (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Tudhaliya's peace treaty with the Amorite kingdom of Amurru, just south of modern-day Turkey, contained both political and economic provisions.

Document 3 shows two of the technological high points for the Shang dynasty, the construction of chariots and their skill at bronze working. Prominent status symbols among the elite, chariots were lavishly bedecked with as many as 100 decorative bronze fixtures.

Here is the topic to be addressed in essay form and posted in this discussion forum:

Using your text and the provided documents, draft a brief essay of 350-450 words discussing how different territorial states interacted with one another. Draw some of your own conclusions from the information provided.

Use the documents and your text to provide support for your ideas.

Thank You.

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Ch. 3 Primary Sources The following three documents are to be used in preparing your Chapter 3 Discussion. DOCUMENT 1 Egyptian Text: Egyptian and Hittite Peace Treaty Year 21, first month of the second season, twenty-first day, under the majesty of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt. . . . Son of Re: Ramses . . . given life, forever and ever, beloved of Amon-Re-Harakhte, Ptah-South-of-His-Wall, lord of "Life-of-the-Two-Lands," Mut, mistress of Ishru, and Khonsu-Neferhotep; shining upon the Horus-throne of the living, like his father, Harakhte, forever and ever. . . . The treaty which the great chief of Kheta,* Khetasar, the valiant, the son of Merasar, the great chief of Kheta, the valiant, the grandson, of Seplel, [the great chief of Kheta, the val]iant, made, upon a silver tablet . . . the good treaty of peace and of brotherhood, setting peace [between them], forever. Now, at the beginning, since eternity, the relations of the great ruler of Egypt with the great chief of Kheta were [such] that the god prevented hostilities between them, by treaty. Whereas, in the time of Metella, the great chief of Kheta, my brother, he fought w[ith Ramses II], the great ruler of Egypt, yet afterward, beginning with this day, behold, Khetasar, the great chief of Kheta, is [in] a treaty-relation for establishing the relations which the Re made, and which Sutekh made, for the land of Egypt, with the land of Kheta, in order not to permit hostilities to arise between them, forever. Behold . . . Khetasar, the great chief of Kheta, is in treaty relation with . . . the great ruler of Egypt, beginning with this day, in order to bring about good peace and good brotherhood between us forever, while he is in brotherhood with me, he is in peace with me; and I am in brotherhood with him, and I am in peace with him, forever. The children of the children of the great chief of Kheta shall be in brotherhood and peace with the children of the children of Ramses . . .--, the great ruler of Egypt, being in our relations of brotherhood and our relations [of peace], that the [land of Egypt] may be with the land of Kheta in peace and brotherhood like ourselves, forever. There shall be no hostilities between them, forever. The great chief of Kheta shall not pass over into the land of Egypt, forever, to take anything therefrom. RamsesMeriamon, the great ruler of Egypt, shall not pass over into the land of Kheta, to take anything] therefrom, forever. . . . If another enemy come against the lands of . . . the great ruler of Egypt, and he shall send to the great chief of Kheta, saying; "Come with me as reinforcement against him," the great chief of Kheta shall [come], and the great chief of Kheta shall slay his enemy. But if it be not the desire of the great chief of Kheta to come, he shall send his infantry and his chariotry, and shall slay his enemy. Or if Ramses . . ., be provoked against [delinquent] subjects, when they have committed some other fault against him, and he come to slay them, then the great chief of Kheta shall act with the lord of Egypt. . . . If another en[emy come] against the great chief of Kheta, [and he shall send] to the great chief [sic!] [of Egypt], . . . [[for reinforcements] then he] shall come to him as reinforcement, to slay his enemy. . . . [If any great man of the land of Egypt shall flee and shall come to] the great chief of Kheta, from either a town [or] . . . of the lands of . . . the great ruler of Egypt, and they shall come to the great chief of Kheta, then the great chief of Kheta shall not receive them, [but] the great chief of Kheta shall cause them to be brought to . . . the great ruler of Egypt. . . . Likewise if a man flee from the land of Kheta, be it one, be it two, [or] be it three, and they shall come to . . . the great ruler of Egypt, [and he will] seize [upon them, and let him cause] that they be brought to the great chief of Kheta; and the great chief of Kheta shall not set up their crime against them; let not his house be injured, nor his wives, nor his children, let him not be killed, and let no injury be done to his ears, to his eyes, to his mouth, nor to his feet. Let not any crime be set up against him. *the Hittites SOURCE Ancient Records of Egypt: Historical Documents from the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest, Volume 3, ed. and trans. J. H. Breasted (London: Histories and Mysteries of Man, 1988), 166-175. DOCUMENT 2 Excerpts from the Treaty between Tudhaliya IV and Shaushga-muwa of Amurru Great Kings, [Kings, [King of] Hatti,* hero, beloved of the Sun-goddess of Arinna. . . . I, my Sun, [have taken you] Shausgha-muwa [by the hand], and have made you my brother-in-law. And you [shall not change the words] on this treaty tablet. When [the king] of Egypt is my Sun's [friend], he will also be your friend. [But] when he is my Sun's enemy, he shall also be [your enemy]. And the kings who are equal to me in rank--the King of Egypt, the King of Babylon, the King of Assyria, and the King of Ahhiyawa. When the King of Egypt is my Sun's friend, he shall also be your friend. But when he is my Sun's enemy, he shall also be your enemy. When the King of Babylon is my Sun's friend, he shall also be your friend. But when he is my Sun's enemy, he shall also be your enemy. Since the King of Assyria is my Sun's enemy, he shall also be your enemy. Your merchant shall not go to Assyria, and you shall not let his merchant into your country. He shall not pass through your country. If he would enter your country, take him and send him to my Sun. This matter [is placed] under an oath for you. Since I, my Sun, am at war with the King of Assyria, gather together an army and a chariot . . . unit, as my Sun has done. Just as it is for my Sun an issue of urgency and . . ., it shall be for you an issue of urgency and. . . . This matter is placed under an oath for you. No ship of Ahhiyawa shall go to him [King of Assyria]. *Hittites SOURCE Gary Beckman, trans., Hittite Diplomatic Texts, 2nd edition (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1999), 103-108. DOCUMENT 3 Chariot fixtures from the Shang dynasty SOURCE http://www.npm.gov.tw/exh96/chariot/index2_en.html (Links to an external site.)
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Explanation & Answer

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Running Head: Treaties

1

Title of the Paper:
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Every square mile of the earth is under a state-nation jurisdiction. These state nations are
also known as territorial states. They exert some sovereign power over the territory they occupy.
This has led to conflicts with other neighboring state nations due to different factors such as
religious differences, ethnic differences, political systems and culture difference. There are other
factors like natural resources, water, and fertile soil.
There is never a good war. Conflicts destroy property, economy and devastating loss of
l...


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