Chapter 2 Group Discussion - Reviewing Your Childhood and Adolescence Class HD 105

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This is your weekly discussion group where you will discuss topics related to the chapter reading and your personal life experiences. Your writing should consist of your initial reactions, reflections, revelations, and most poignant thoughts about the assigned chapter. Click on the "Reply" button below. Type or copy your name tent first. Then type or copy and paste your post in the entry box. It must be at least 20 sentences. Most good reflections are longer. Click "Post Reply" when you are done. Check to make sure your post actually went through. If there is a problem and you wait until after the deadline to fix it, you will not receive credit. You may pose questions to your group members if you would like their feedback.

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Reviewing Your Childhood and Adolescence • INFANCY – Core task: Develop sense of trust in self and others – Erikson’s core struggle: trust versus mistrust – Critical importance of sense of being loved during infancy – Infancy provides the foundation for later development Early Childhood • Erikson’s core struggle: autonomy versus shame and doubt • Central task is to begin the journey toward autonomy • A time for learning what it means to be interdependent • Importance of developing emotional competence The Preschool Years • Erikson’s core struggle: Initiative versus Guilt • A time for learning basic attitudes regarding sexuality • A time for increasing the capacity to understand and use language • Importance of learning to accept the full range of one’s feelings Typology of Parenting Styles • Authoritarian parents: Extremely strict, high demands, control with threats of punishment • Authoritative parents: Accepting, set high goals for children, encourage exploration • Permissive parents: Few demands, indulge children’s desires • Neglectful parents: Neither accepting nor involved, may meet children’s basic needs Impact of Parenting Styles on Childhood Development • Authoritarian parents-- produce children with fear, apprehension, passivity, vulnerability to stress, moodiness, and a lack of purpose • Authoritative parents-- produce children with self- reliance, self-control, good coping skills, purposeful behavior, an achievement-orientation, a cooperative attitude, and a curiosity about life • Permissive and neglectful parents-- produce children with characteristics of rebellion, low self-reliance and self-control, impulsivity, aimlessness, and low achievement Middle Childhood • Erikson’s core struggle: Industry versus Inferiority • Increasing understanding of self --- gender, race, culture, abilities • Relationships are a major focus during middle childhood • A time for developing the self-concept Ego-Defense Mechanisms • Psychological strategies we use to protect our self-concept • We use ego defenses at various stages of life to soften the blows of reality • Ego defenses help us cope with anxiety • These defenses have adaptive value if they are not excessively used to avoid facing Adolescence • Erikson’s core struggle: Identity versus Role Confusion • A critical period in the development of personal identity • Implications for individuation or psychological separation from parents • Psychological moratorium: a time for experimentation with different roles before making major commitments
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Running head: CHAPTER 2 GROUP DISCUSSION

Chapter 2 Group Discussion
Name of the student
University
Date of submission

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CHAPTER 2 GROUP DISCUSSION

2

What are the main topics that relate to childhood and adolescence class? Do they have any
relation to my personal experiences? What are my personal experiences in relation to the
topics? There are eight main topics which relate to childhood and adolescence class and are
mainly; Infancy, Early childhood, Preschool years, typology of parenting styles, Impact of
parenting styles on childhood development, middle childhood, Ego defence mechanisms and
finally adolescence. All these topics have various relations with my personal experiences
whereby first; In relation to Infancy one is supposed to have trust in oneself and also other
people around him or her. I vividly remember my experiences as if it were yesterday, I had
trust that I was very safe in my mother’s arms as she breastfed me with breastmilk which was
as sweet as honey. I also felt that she loved me very much since she never allowed me to cry
on my own without soothing me to be silent. This has made me grow loving her too since my
infancy for being a good and caring mum. Since my infancy I have kept mistrusts far away
from destroying the trust I have towards my mother.
Most notably, in early childhood, one undergoes the Erikson’s core struggle for autonomy
versus shame and doubt. In this stage one is supposed to start focussing on autonomy, to learn
to be interdependent and to find out the need for having emotional competence. In my early
childhood, my parents and my teachers at school made me realize that I had control over myself
and over all the choices that I made. This made me have a feeling of control over certain aspects
of my life and was also able to achieve self-esteem in all the activities that I engaged such as
running competitions which I always emerged as being the winner. Finally, I was also able to
achieve cognitive growth whereby I was in a position to solve personal problems. For example,
there is the time when I was always scolded for refusing to eat m...


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