5 single spaced page response paper for field notes.

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At the beginning of Week 6, you will turn in a response paper that connects ideas explored in the class to your fieldwork. In this response paper, provide a very brief description of your place’s history – based on your “Place in Time” assignment – and then, by drawing on examples from your data, describe how your relationship with the place changed over time.

You may engage with any of the following questions, as well as with others: What did your field site look like at T1 and how did that change over time? If it did not, then why not? What does it tell you about how you see the place and how you understand yourself? How does time shape your experience of a place? In general, what does your data suggest to you about the relationship between self and society?

This response paper should be at least 5 pages single spaced with 1” margins and written in 12- point Times New Roman font. Please reference at least five readings that we have talked about throughout the quarter in your response. Do not reference lectures.

Please do not manipulate the font or format of your paper. If you are having issues with your paper, then let’s talk. You should also feel free to visit the Undergraduate Writing Center for assistance with your paper (http://wp.ucla.edu/wc/).

Please submit papers via the TurnItIn link on the course website.

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from the SAGE Social Science Collections. All Rights Reserved. NEWSFOCUS P SYC H O LO G Y making choices, being analytical in their reasoning, being motivated to maintain a highly positive self-image, and having a tendency to rate their capabilities as above average. Again, the review article contends, this picture breaks down for people from non-WEIRD societies: These groups tend Relying on undergraduates from developed nations as research subjects creates a to place less importance on choice, be more holistic in their reasoning, and be less confalse picture of human behavior, some psychologists argue cerned with seeing themselves as above Suppose you’re a psychologist at a research 96% of subjects were WEIRDos. average. And although WEIRDos stand university, trying to figure out what drives This would be fine if WEIRDos were apart from the rest of the world in these and human behavior. You have devised simple, representative of people from other cul- other respects, Americans stand even further clever experiments in which people play tures, but they are not, Henrich, Heine, away, with U.S. undergraduates further away economic games or perceive visual illusions, and Norenzayan argue in the BBS paper. still—“an outlier in an outlier population,” and you would like large sample sizes. How Although cultural variation is sometimes as the BBS authors put it. “We will never figwill you find subjects? For generations of assumed to be superficial, Heine says that ure out human nature by studying American psychologists, the answer has been straight- cultures differ in fundamental aspects such undergrads,” says Henrich. forward: Use the pool of thousands of under- as reasoning styles, conceptions of the self, Other researchers welcome this cengraduates at your university. the importance of choice, notions of fairness, tral message but caution that the differences But although undergrads from wealthy and even visual perception. For example, in observed in crosscultural studies may themnations are numerous and willing subjects, the Muller-Lyer illusion (see figure), most selves be problematic. “Not only do psycholopsychologists are beginning to realize that people in industrialized societies think line gists use WEIRD people, they also use weird, they have a drawback: They highly artificial experiments,” says are WEIRDos. That is, they are THE MULLER-LYER ILLUSION Nicolas Baumard, an anthropolo24 people from Western, educated, gist at the University of Oxford in A Adults industrialized, rich, and demothe United Kingdom. So the cul20 Children cratic cultures. In a provocative tural variation those experiments B 16 review paper published online in detect may simply reflect the way Behavioral and Brain Sciences experiments are construed by 12 (BBS) last week, anthropolovarious groups rather than deep 8 gist Joseph Henrich and psydifferences. Heine counters that 4 chologists Steven Heine and Ara many crosscultural findings have Norenzayan of the University been replicated with a range of 0 of British Columbia in Canada methods, suggesting that the difargue that WEIRDos aren’t repferences are robust. resentative of humans as a whole Henrich, Heine, and Norenand that psychologists routinely In the eye of the beholder. People in industrialized societies often think zayan recommend that psycholuse them to make broad, and line A is shorter than line B, but that illusion is weaker or absent in some ogists explicitly discuss whether quite likely false, claims about small-scale societies, whose members perceive the lines as equally long. their findings can be generalwhat drives human behavior. ized and make data on subjects “A lot of psychologists assume that one A is shorter than line B, though the lines are available so population effects can be more group of humans is as good as the next for equally long. But in small-scale traditional easily detected. Researchers should also their experiments, and that results from these societies, the illusion is much less powerful try to build links to diverse subject pools, studies apply more broadly. We show that this or even absent. perhaps drawing on contacts made by assumption is wrong,” says Heine. “WEIRD The reliance on WEIRD data has led to economists and public-health researchsubjects are some of the most psychologi- a biased picture of human psychology, says ers in non-WEIRD societies. The Internet cally unusual people on the planet.” Heine. Social psychologists, for example, also provides another way of reaching out, There’s little doubt that psychologists talk of the “fundamental attribution error,” or though potentially biasing research away have relied on WEIRDos. In a 2008 paper the tendency to explain people’s behavior in from WEIRD people toward wired people. in American Psychologist, Jeffrey Arnett of terms of internal personality traits rather than The accumulated data on WEIRDos may Clark University in Worcester, Massachu- external, situational factors (attributing an still prove to have enduring value, argues culsetts, analyzed all empirical papers published instance of angry behavior to an angry tem- tural psychologist Paul Rozin of the Univerin six top-tier psychology journals between perament, for example). Yet outside WEIRD sity of Pennsylvania, as the world becomes 2003 and 2007 and found that the United societies, this error looks a lot less fundamen- more globalized. “The U.S. is in the vanStates alone provided 68% of study subjects, tal, says Henrich, as people pay more atten- guard of the global world and may provide with a further 27% coming from the United tion to the context in which behavior occurs, a glimpse into the future,” he says. For now, Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, so someone’s anger might be construed as however, psychologists should remember or Europe. Psychology undergraduates were simply reflecting an irritating day. that WEIRDos remain weird. the sole subjects in 67% of U.S. studies and Textbooks also frequently describe peo–DAN JONES 80% of studies in other countries. Overall, ple as valuing a wide range of options when Dan Jones is a freelance writer in Brighton, U.K. S.A San .M in er Be te Ija w So ng e Fa ng Su ku Yu Toro en du m u Zu l Ha u nu no An o ko l Ba e ssa S ri SA ene Eu gal ro pe Ev an an Ill sto in n ois , Perceived difference in lines A and B (%) www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 328 Published by AAAS 25 JUNE 2010 Downloaded from http://science.sciencemag.org/ on June 23, 2017 CREDIT: (ADAPTED FROM) M. SEGALL, ET AL., THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON VISUAL PERCEPTION, THE BOBBS-MERRILL COMPANY (1966) A WEIRD View of Human Nature Skews Psychologists’ Studies 1627
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