lab report

sbhnq505
timer Asked: Sep 18th, 2018

Question Description

Palm Court Plants

Total # Individuals 45

Total # Species 11

Basic Diversity Index .244

Simpson's Index .862

Shannon-Wiener 2.064

Palm Court Invertebrates

Total # Individuals 8

Total # Species 16

Basic Diversity Index .5

Simpson's Index .125

Shannon-Wiener 1.89

Palm Court Vertebrates

Total # Individuals 11

Total # Species 2

Basic Diversity Index .1818

Simpson's Index .3272

Shannon-Wiener .474

Restored Sand Hill Plants

Total # Individuals 33

Total # Species 14

Basic Diversity Index .4242

Simpson's Index .5165

Shannon-Wiener 2.40

Restored Sandhill Invertebrates

Total # Individuals 25

Total # Species 8

Basic Diversity Index .32

Simpson's Index .8567

Shannon-Wiener 1.87

Restored Sandhill Vertebrates

Total # Individuals 0

Total # Species 0

Basic Diversity Index 0

Simpson's Index 1

Shannon-Wiener 0

Preserved Sand Hill Plants

Total # Individuals 123

Total # Species 8

Basic Diversity Index .065

Simpson's Index 7.48

Shannon-Wiener 2.02

Preserved Sandhill Invertebrates

Total # Individuals 53

Total # Species 5

Basic Diversity Index .094

Simpson's Index 3.18

Shannon-Wiener 1.30

Preserved Sandhill Vertebrates

Total # Individuals 1

Total # Species 1

Basic Diversity Index 1

Simpson's Index 0

Shannon-Wiener 0

Unformatted Attachment Preview

Writing a Scientific Report to Present Data I. Introduction A. Give an overview/context for the topic that was explored Example: change in land-use from forest to residential development leads to serious issues related to land, water, and air pollution. B. Get more specific about the area where you collected data and the specific questions you asked C. BREIFLY state what you measured to address the questions D. Set up and then present your hypothesis II. Methods A. Describe the field site where you collected data—what city or county, near what landmarks or roads, date, weather conditions B. Describe the field methods you used to collect the raw data C. Explain how you further manipulated the data to answer your questions (calculating wood volume and biomass from tree height and diameter) D. Describe any statistical methods you applied III. Results A. Present summaries of the data in tables or graphs. There is no need to print out several sheets of paper of the raw data. B. Describe WITH WORDS the trends in the data that you are presenting in tables or graphs. IV. Discussion A. Summarize the results and interpret the significance of your results B. Revisit your hypothesis in light of your results. Do your results support your hypothesis? Why or why not? C. If appropriate, describe any weaknesses of your study and what could be done in the future to improve the study. D. Did any new questions arise from this field study that you would explore further if given the time and opportunity? **Extra tips: * It is inappropriate in scientific writing to make irrelevant statements of opinion. For example, “I thought the forest was really pretty.” Or, “I wish we didn’t have to collect data in the cold and pouring rain.” * You need to cite sources of information you are referencing in your introduction and discussion. Please also include a bibliography. *It is very important that each student write his or her own report independently. Although all students will have access to the same data, each student will present and interpret the data in their own way. 1 GRADING RUBRIC FOR LABORATORY REPORTS STETSON UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND STUDIES Total Points: _______/100 TITLE Concisely describes the lab exercise INTRODUCTION Provides a concise, but complete sentence, description of the experiment or exercise and its importance. Information presented is correct and the scientific and environmental problems are clearly stated. States a hypothesis that brings in knowledge and context from class lectures and lab discussion Links to at least one outside reference source and the source is cited correctly METHODS Contains a written description of how experiment or exercise was conducted and how data were analyzed in appropriate detail so that experiment can be repeated by another scientist Written in paragraph form Written in past tense RESULTS Includes written, past tense, summary of data of sufficient detail without repeating information in tables and figures; summarizes key findings without interpreting the findings (save that for discussion) Contains appropriate tables and figures Tables and figures are explicitly referred to in text (Table 1, Figure 1, etc.) Figures and tables are clearly labeled (Table 1, Figure 1, etc.) and properly configured DISCUSSION Explains and interprets the results, including a statement as to whether the original hypothesis was supported Conclusions are logical and follow from the data presented Compares results and conclusions to other relevant research from at least one citable source; if appropriate, include speculation as to why results are different than expected; may suggest an idea for additional studies or experiments that might resolve remaining questions Links to at least one outside reference source (not the same one as in the introduction) and the source is cited correctly REFERENCES References utilized were appropriate given the context of the study and citations were from approved sources (e.g. avoid stand-alone web pages and your textbook) In alphabetical order, in Name-Year Format Lists only research materials utilized (cited) in finished product and all sources cited in finished product are included OVERALL Appropriate sections included, all of appropriate length and detail. Included information is in the appropriate section. Formatted correctly (margins, spacing, indentation etc.) Free of grammatical and spelling errors Sophistication (depth of content, clarity of exposition) POINTS RECEIVED /POINTS POSSIBLE ____ /3 ____ /6 ____ /3 ____ /5 ____ /6 ____ /3 ____ /3 ____ /6 ____ /6 ____ /3 ____ /3 ____ /6 ____ /6 ____ /3 ____ /5 ____ /3 ____ /3 ____ /3 ____ /6 ____ /3 ____ /10 ____ /5 2 FORMAT FOR LABORATORY REPORTS STETSON UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND STUDIES ADAPTED AND REVISED, AUGUST 2016 Basic Formatting: Margins: 1” all sides Font size: 12 pt Pagination: Arabic numeral, consistent placement throughout Spacing within paragraphs: Single space within paragraphs New paragraph: Double space after ending each paragraph Section Headings: Align headings for Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Literature Cited on left margin. Double space after each section heading. Use consistent font & formatting for section headings. Do not start each section on a new page unless it works out that way coincidentally. Avoid sub-heading titles and format consistently throughout. Tables and Figures: Number consecutively and incorporate within the paper body. References Name-Year System (described in detail below): List references in alphabetical order by the first author’s last name. Use a hanging indent (all lines but the first indented) to separate individual references. 3 What to Include In a Reference List: Never include in a reference list a document you have not seen. When it is not possible to see an original document, cite the source of your information, do not cite the original assuming that the secondary source is correct. When a reference is available in both print and electronically, always cite the specific version seen. Electronic and print versions can differ significantly. The most common ‘citable’ reference items include: Articles from peer-reviewed journals Books Book chapters (not encyclopedias) Technical reports Note: A standalone web page that is not published as a peer review article, book, book chapter, or technical report does not count as a reference. You may utilize websites as a starting point for finding other literature, but you must find and use original “citable” literature for the references in your final lab reports. There are a variety of reference citation formats used by different disciplines and even different journal publications within the same disciplines. Although style varies from one journal to the next, most scientific publications use variations of the Name-Year format. All reports submitted for the Introduction to Environmental Studies and Science course should use the Name-Year format utilized by the Ecological Society of America and as outlined below. Name-Year System for Citing References Journal Article with Single Author In-text reference: Student input into experimental design has been shown to greatly increase student understanding within the field of climatology (Abbott 2007). In the References section, this source would be cited as: Abbott, J . A. 2007. Measuring thermal variation in a valley environment using a team, filed project designed by students. Journal of Geography 105:121-128. The general format for citing a journal article with a single author is: Last name, First initial. Second initial. Date. Title. Journal title volume number:pages. 4 Journal Article with Two Authors In-text reference: Production of corn biofuels in Florida shows much higher water consumption footprint and nitrogen loading burden than biofuels produced from sweet sorghum (Evans and Cohen 2009). In the References section, this source would be cited as: Evans, J. M. and M. J. Cohen. 2009. Regional water resource implications of bioethanol production in the Southeastern United States. Global Change Biology 15: 22612273. The general format for citing a journal article with two authors is: Last name, First initial. Second initial. and First initial. Second initial. Last name. Date. Title. Journal title volume number:pages. Journal Article with More Than Two Authors* In-text reference: Highly localized nutrient and pulsed rainfall inputs exert complex controls on the food chains and biodiversity patterns of shorebird islands (Anderson et al. 2008). *Note the use of “et al.” for the in-text citation where there are more than two authors In the References section, this source would be cited as: Anderson, W. B., D. A. Wait, and P. Stapp. 2008. Resources from another place and time: Responses to pulses in a spatially subsidized system. Ecology 89:660-670. The general format for citing a journal article with more than two authors is: Last name, First initial. Second initial., First initial. Second initial. Last name, and First initial. Second initial. Last name. Date. Title. Journal title volume number:pages. Books In text-reference: Coarse particulate organic matter is an important food source for shredders (Hauer and Lamberti 1996). 5 In the References section, this source would be cited as: Hauer, F. R. and G. A. Lamberti. 1996. Methods in Stream Ecology, First Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA. The general format for citing a book with more than two authors is: Last name, First initial. Second initial., First initial. Last name, and First initial. Second initial. Last name. Date. Book title. Publisher, City of publication, State of publication, Country of publication. Books on the Internet If a book is located from an internet source, include the web link at the end of the citation: Hauer, F. R. and G. A. Lamberti. 2007. Methods in Stream Ecology, Second Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780123329080. Book Chapters In text-reference: Nutrients play a controlling role in the physiology of herbaceous plants and the competitive interactions between herb species in the forest environment (Anderson 2003). In the References section, this source would be cited as: Anderson, W. B. 2003. Biotic and abiotic influences on the herbaceous layer: Nutrients. Pages 91-104 in F. S. Gilliam and M. R. Robert, editors. Ecology of the Herbaceous Layer of Forests of Easter North America. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA. Please note that the “in” before the editor names is italicized. The general format for citing a book chapter is: Last name, First initial. Second initial., First initial. Second initial. Last name, and First initial. Second initial. Date. Chapter title. Pages in First initial. Second initial. Last name and First initial. Second initial. Last name, editors. Book title. Publisher name, City of publication, State of publication, Country of publication. Technical Reports A technical report is “a separately issued record of research results, research in progress, or other technical studies”. Most technical reports are issued by governmental agencies, but may also originate from universities or other types of research institutions. Advocacy 6 organizations also sometimes issue technical reports, but technical reports from such advocacy groups should only be used with great caution. In text-reference: Use of tidal backflow preventers on stormwater outfall pipes was shown to be a costeffective action for reducing flood risks due to sea-level rise in Tybee Island, GA, over the next thirty years (Evans et al. 2016). In the References section, this source would be cited as: Evans, J. M., J. Gambill, R .J. McDowell, P. W. Prichard, and C. S. Hopkinson. 2016. Tybee Island Sea-Level Rise Adaptation Plan. Project NA100AR4170098. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Georgia Sea Grant, Athens, Georgia, USA. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289999590_Tybee_Island_SeaLevel_Rise_Adaptation_Plan. The general format for citing a technical report is: Last name, First initial. Second initial., First initial. Second initial. Last name, and First initial. Last name. Document title. Report number. Government agency, Agency division, City of publication, State of publication, Country of publication. Websites As noted previously, standalone websites do not count as a “citable source” for your lab reports and, therefore, should not be included in your References section. However, you can provide an in-text reference to a website from a credible source that you use for specific information not readily found elsewhere. This in-text reference should include a link to the original webpage that has the information you are referencing and the date you accessed the page. In text-reference: The latest United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) plant profile map for Pistia stratiotes L. (water lettuce) shows this species as native to Florida (http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PIST2; accessed August 28, 2016). If you find a reference that poses difficulty for you to fit into the citation format below, please bring that reference to your lab instructor for assistance. 7
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