Rhetorical Analysis

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Choose, locate, and read one of the following reading: Martin Luther King, Jr's " I have a Dream" speech (381)

Write a 650-800 words rhetorical analysis in which you examine the work for the three rhetorical strategies: logos, pathos, and ethos as well as any rhetorical devices.

Note: The essay must include a strong introductory paragraph that ends with the thesis as well as a concluding paragraph that restates the thesis without using exact words.

Each body paragraph should contain a topic sentence that relates to the thesis and identifies the rhetorical strategy being analyzed, two documented pieces of strong textual evidence, thorough explanations of the author's likely purpose for each quote, and a concluding sentence that give the paragraph a finished feel

The essay must be presented in proper MLA format, with in-text citations included for each quote, and a properly-formatted Works Cited page.

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Oratory O I Have a Dream 381 Have a Dream 11 Martin Luther King, Jr. August 26, 1963 Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) was an ordained minister, a leader in the civil rights move- ment during the 1950s and 1960s, and the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He is best remembered for his philosophy of non-violence while resisting all forms of racial injustice. In keynote address, "I Have a Dream," from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial (commemorating his August, 1963, speech during the poor people's "March on Washington," he delivered his the one-hundred-year anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation). In his address, he in- was later assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the fames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights” of “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And So, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquil- izing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. 382 sufferin Carolir four Le Ar 1 drea ofits 1 and brot the 21 the 110 IC Expanding the Aro: From Analysis to Argument Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evi- denced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?” We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: "For Whites Only." We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream." I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest-quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned 383 Oratory 0 I Have a Dream lit al is is ad is brotherhood St W st ed suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends. And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullifica- tion"-one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together." This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. And this will be the day-this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning: My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride, From every mountainside, let freedom ring! And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado. Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. U e T e 3 d y 1 1 384 Expanding the Are: From Analysis to Argument But not only that: Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last! Topics for Writing and Discussion 1. What metaphors does King use to propel his speech/purpose? Are they effective? Discuss with your group and the class. 2. Does King ever seem threatening? How/Where does he appear to warn the white community while attempting to appease the black community? Does he seem to warn his brethern as well? Write an essay discussing this part of King's speech. 3. How does King invigorate and encourage his audience? What appeals does he use? Discuss with your group and the class. Grading Rubric for Rhetorical Analysis Below Expectations 1-9 Points Unacceptable O Points Content Exceeds Expectations Proficient Adequate 20-25 Points 15-19 Points 10-14 Points The essay provides The essay provides The essay provides clear examples of the clear examples of the examples of the three three rhetorical three rhetorical rhetorical strategies. strategies. Each body strategies. Each body Each body paragraph paragraph provides paragraph provides provides TWO pieces TWO relevant pieces TWO relevant pieces of textual evidence of textual evidence to of textual evidence to that mostly supports support the thesis and support the thesis and the thesis and the topic the topic sentence. The the topic sentence. The sentence. The student student supports each student supports each supports each piece of piece of textual piece of textual textual evidence with evidence with strong, evidence with relevant evidence that lacks relevant evidence that evidence that mostly somewhat in clearly demonstrates demonstrates its demonstrating its its effectiveness. effectiveness. effectiveness. The essay provides examples of the three rhetorical strategies. The body paragraphs lack relevant textual evidence and supporting details The student doesn't appear to understand the scope of the assignment. Or Not enough information to evaluate. and/or The textual evidence and details are vague or lack in showing relevance. Does not examine rhetorical devices. Might be significantly below the minimum word count. and/or The essay significantly fails to meet the word requirement N/A 15 Points 25 Points 5 Points MLA Format Correct MLA Format MLA Format with one or two minor errors MLA Format with incorrectly formatted or missing header, incorrect spacing, incorrect font/font size, incorrectly formatted Works Cited page, incorrect in-text documentation 0 Points MLA format not followed. Missing parenthetical documentation and/or missing Works Cited page. This can result in the entire paper being marked NOT GRADEABLE. Or Not enough information to evaluate. 382 Expanding the Arc: From Analysis to Argument Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evi- denced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: "For Whites Only." We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream." I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest-quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned Oratory I Have a Dream 383 suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullifica- tion"-one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all fesh shall see it together." This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day able to sing with new meaning: And this will be the day-this will be the day when all of God's children will be My country 'tis of tbee, sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land were my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride. From every mountainside, let freedom ring! And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado, Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. 384 Expanding the Are: From Analysis to Argument But not only that: Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last! Topics for Writing and Discussion 1. What metaphors does King use to propel his speech/purpose? Are they effective? Discuss with your group and the class. 2. Does King ever seem threatening? How/Where does he appear to warn the white community while attempting to appease the black community? Does he seem to warn his brethern as well? Write an essay discussing this part of King's speech. 3. How does King invigorate and encourage his audience? What appeals does he use? Discuss with your group and the class. Grading Rubric for Rhetorical Analysis Below Expectations 1-9 Points Unacceptable O Points Content Exceeds Expectations Proficient Adequate 20-25 Points 15-19 Points 10-14 Points The essay provides The essay provides The essay provides clear examples of the clear examples of the examples of the three three rhetorical three rhetorical rhetorical strategies. strategies. Each body strategies. Each body Each body paragraph paragraph provides paragraph provides provides TWO pieces TWO relevant pieces TWO relevant pieces of textual evidence of textual evidence to of textual evidence to that mostly supports support the thesis and support the thesis and the thesis and the topic the topic sentence. The the topic sentence. The sentence. The student student supports each student supports each supports each piece of piece of textual piece of textual textual evidence with evidence with strong, evidence with relevant evidence that lacks relevant evidence that evidence that mostly somewhat in clearly demonstrates demonstrates its demonstrating its its effectiveness. effectiveness. effectiveness. The essay provides examples of the three rhetorical strategies. The body paragraphs lack relevant textual evidence and supporting details The student doesn't appear to understand the scope of the assignment. Or Not enough information to evaluate. and/or The textual evidence and details are vague or lack in showing relevance. Does not examine rhetorical devices. Might be significantly below the minimum word count. and/or The essay significantly fails to meet the word requirement N/A 15 Points 25 Points 5 Points MLA Format Correct MLA Format MLA Format with one or two minor errors MLA Format with incorrectly formatted or missing header, incorrect spacing, incorrect font/font size, incorrectly formatted Works Cited page, incorrect in-text documentation 0 Points MLA format not followed. Missing parenthetical documentation and/or missing Works Cited page. This can result in the entire paper being marked NOT GRADEABLE. Or Not enough information to evaluate. Organization 20-25 Points 15-19 Points 10-14 Points 1-9 Points 0 Points No logical organization pattern evident. Or Not enough information to evaluate. The paper shows a The paper is The writing is The paper is thoughtful, logical, logically and clearly somewhat organized. somewhat and clear layout of organized. The thesis The writer's points disorganized and concepts. Transition might not thoroughly are identifiable with difficult to follow. It sentences are smooth. identify the concepts little confusion of the lacks planning, The essay includes an to be discussed in the reader. The and/or it does not introduction with a body paragraphs, and introduction and/or contain sufficient clear thesis, three the topic sentences conclusion might be content for body paragraphs with might need weak. organization. clear topic sentences improvement to that relate to the better reflect the thesis, and a thesis. The essay concluding paragraph includes an introduction and conclusion 25 Points 20 Points 15 Points 10 Points O Points Conventions The essay is Work has been proofread. The essay contains no grammatical or spelling errors that take away from comprehension The paper contains The paper includes Numerous mistakes minor grammatical several grammar and exist in grammar and incomprehensible errors and/or a few spelling mistakes that spelling, making the because of grammar spelling mistakes that may slightly impinge essay difficult to and spelling errors. do not affect the upon the reader's read. The essay has reader's comprehension. clearly not been comprehension. proofread. Or Not enough Violates at least one information to evaluate. of the starred items below. * Never refer to an author or reference by his/her first name only. * The essay must be 100% free of second person pronouns (forms of "you") or imperative sentences, except in direct quotes. *Refer to the work being analyzed in present tense only.
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