outline chapter 5 and 6

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Chapter 5: Structuralism.
Structuralism is a psychological theory developed by Weilm Wundt that deals seeks to
adversely explain human consciousness. Weilm Wundt explains that just like how any chemical
structure can be broken down into basic elements, conscious experience can also be broken down
into simple conscious elements. Edward Bradford Titchener an American psychologist put
Wundt study in action. Titchener claimed to represent Wundt ideas but surprisingly, he turned
the tables by radicalizing them putting structuralism in place whereby it could only be reflected
to his work after which it lasted in U.S.A. for 2 years before being overthrown by other
movements.
Titchener’s approach of psychology (Angell, F. 1928), included the aspect of
apperception which was not included in Wundt’s study. He had a strong believe that anyone
could be taught and trained in introspection so that observers could explain what is envisioned
rather than what was reported or said by a familiar character. It’s also reported that there are
three state of consciousness that is; sensations, affective states and images.
Wundt’s interest on consciousness was quite different as he was concerned with their
organization. According to his perception, human mind has the capability of organizing its
elements in its free will. Titchener’s work was quite different from Wundt’s as it concentrated on
mental elements and their association (Hindeland, M. J,. 1971)

About his life, Titchener was born in Chichester a city in England. He was intelligent
enough to win college scholarship and went to Oxford University and Malvern College where he
studies philosophy and later worked as a philosophy research assistant. While at Oxford
Titchener was interested in Wundt’s psychological life whereby he but friendship with him and
his family whereby he even was spent a Christmas holiday with him at a mountain retreat they
organized. He spent seven years establishing his laboratory writing scholarly articles and
conducting research. He even published more 60 articles of his own.
Titchener was a fast learner as when at Oxford, he was asked by a professor to translate a
language he did not know, Dutch, and he sure did it as he learnt it within a week. He also
translated Wundt’s books from German to English. He is also known as being a magnetic
lecturer as students rushed to fill his rooms to hear him just like how Wundt was. As Titchener
aged his interest diverted as he shifted to music and coins collection field. Finally, he died from
brain Tumor as he approached 60.
Titchener conducted a meeting in 1904 for a group of psychologist to compare research
notes. Funny thing about the meeting is that it ...


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