Public Health Assignments 1

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Name (print) __________________________________Sign ______________________________ Help: Refer to paper on References page: The Perpetual Challenge of Infectious Diseases What are the distinct characteristics that set infectious diseases apart from other diseases? Define the following: • Established infectious disease o • Newly emerging infectious diseases o • Examples Examples Reemerging infectious diseases o Examples Name: Print_________________________________ Sign: _______________________________ Reference used: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4829a1.htm PDF – pages 1 through 8: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm4829.pdf Control of Infectious Diseases – Achievements in Public Health 1900-1999 What was the significance of the 19th century discovery of microorganisms as the cause of many serious diseases (eg, TB, cholera, etc.)? Give a brief statement on each of the following: Sanitation and Hygiene: Effects of shift from country to city in 19th century accompanying industrialization and immigration – kinds of conditions/outbreaks: Incidence of above declined due to ____ – why are these important? • Sanitation and hygiene • Health departments • Chlorination • TB control • Animal / pest control • Malaria control • Plague control and role of US Marine Hospital Service Vaccination: List successes: When was smallpox eradication worldwide? Antibiotics and other antimicrobial medicines: When was penicillin developed for medical use? List successes of antibiotics against diseases: What is the challenge? Technological advances in detecting and monitoring infectious diseases: Briefly describe significance of these developments for public health: Computers and electronic forms of communication Serologic testing Viral isolation and tissue culture Molecular techniques Challenges for the 21st century: Why were we all complacent during the first ¾ of the 20th century? Then what happened? Describe some of the ‘surprises’, including some recent ones. What is a ‘zoonosis’? Give an example. What is an emerging infectious disease? Give an example of re-emerging disease. What is bioterrorism? What is required to address challenges? New modes of disease transmission created by 20th century technologies: Give some examples: Name: Disease Transmission How many different ways can infectious agents spread? Give an example for each. What kinds of factors affect whether or not a person will succumb to disease? Think of all possible factors – host, agent, environment, etc. What is the relationship between Ro and herd immunity? What are the most contagious infectious diseases? Name: ___________________________________ CDC web site exploration Locate the CDC web site: www.cdc.gov What is the main topic on the home page – top of page? Note: Focus changes frequently Scroll down – what are the four topics under that? There are usually three or four. Note: Focus changes frequently Scroll down – find current Outbreaks on the left side What outbreaks are listed? Click on any one of these and explore. Is there an epidemiology ‘curve’? Who is involved? What is the agent? Where is the outbreak? How many cases and status of the cases? What is the source of the infection? Describe control/prevention aspects. Scroll down home page. Check out current items in the “Newsroom”. Scroll down home page to section, “About CDC” Locate the MMWR journal (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report). Click on link. Explore the current issue of MMWR. Go back to home page. Open the Emerging Infectious Diseases journal link. Explore the current issue of this journal. Note that you may be using these journals throughout the course and for your research project. HCA 225 Introduction What infectious disease agents do you know about? List some… In a word, or a few words, say something about the agents you listed above. How are infectious diseases transmitted? List all ways you know about. React to the following statements: You find out that someone you had sex with gave you Herpes. You just had sex with a guy who had HIV and didn’t know it. You have a ‘sore’ in the genital area. You are on an airplane and the woman next to you is coughing and looks ill. You are in Brazil and you had sex while there. When you come back to the U.S., you discover that you have a Zika infection. Your roommate just got back from a country in Africa where there is an on-going Ebola outbreak. Your child has Ebola and may die.
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Surname 1

HCA 225 Introductions
Name: Print_________________________________
Date ___________________________
Unit ___________________________
Sign __________________________
What infectious disease agents do you know about? List some…
Bacterium, virus, helminth, protozoan, fungus
In a word, or a few words, say something about the agents you listed above.
Virus- this are small acid molecule which are present in protein and can multiply in living
cells.
Bacterium- this are microorganisms which have organized molecules which transmit
pathogenic diseases.
Protozoan- this is a single celled and small animal like an amoeba which is known to feed on
hosts that have organic tissues.
Helminth- this is a parasite in form of a worm which infect intestinal tract.
Fungus- this are organisms such as yeast and it affects soil, plants, water, air and even
animals.

Surname 2

How are infectious diseases transmitted? List all ways you know about.
Direct contact- This includes person to person, animal to person and mother to unborn child
Indirect contact- This is a transmission that happens once one touches something that a sick
person touched
Insect bites
Food contamination
React to the following statements:
You find out that someone you had sex with gave you Herpes.
I would try and seek medical help firstly from a medical practitioner or try and identify how
severe it is before going to a hospital.
You just had sex with a guy who had HIV and didn’t know it.
I would be devastated and shocked. I wouldn’t want to share this with anyone apart from a
doctor while getting medical support.
You have a ‘sore’ in the genital area.
First, sores are brought by different things including bad hygiene; I would try and determine
the type of sore using the internet.
You are on an airplane and the woman next to you is coughing and looks ill.
I would like to know if she is ill and where she was suffering from before I took the next step
of notifying the flight attendance.

Surname 3

You are in Brazil and you had sex while there. When you come back to the U.S., you
discover that you have a Zika infection.
I would seek immediate medical help from a major hospital.
Your roommate just got back from a country in Africa where there is an on-going Ebola
outbreak.
First I wouldn’t ask them to get tested.
Your child has Ebola and may die.
Take the child to get medical attention as soon as possible without having contact with them.

Surname 4

Work cited
"Types of Infectious Agents". Mayo Clinic, 2018, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/infectious-diseases/multimedia/types-of-infectious-agents/img-20008643
"Infectious Diseases - Symptoms And Causes". Mayo Clinic, 2018,
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc20351173


Surname 1

Name: _________________________________
Date ___________________________
Unit ___________________________
Sign __________________________
Disease Transmission
How many different ways can infectious agents spread? Give an example for each.
Direct contact- this happens when one person gets affe...


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