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Homework #7 Chapter 7
Name ________________ Student ID ______________ Date ______________
1 The formulas of sodium phosphate and sodium orthosilicate are Na3PO4
and Na4SiO4 respectively. What are the chemical formulas of calcium
phosphate and calcium silicate?
Calcium phosphate is Ca3(PO4)2,
and calcium silicate is Ca2SiO4.
a) Ca3(PO4)2
b) Ca₂SiO₄
2. Why do nonmetals tend to form anions rather than cations?
Non-metals does not favor Ionization of electrons therefore they gain electrons
and favorably forming anions Unlike metals they tend to form cations since they
have relatively 1st or 2nd ionization energies. Metals loses 1,2 or 3 electrons to
form a closed valence shell cation preferably to scenarios that must involve
capturing of 5,6 or 7 electrons to fill an octet.
3
Arrange the members of each of the following sets of cations in order
of increasing ionic radii: (a) K+, Ca2+, Ga3+, (b) Ca2+, Be2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, (c) Al3+,
Sr2+, Rb+, K+, (d) K+, Ca2+, Rb+
(a) Ga3+< Ca2+< K+
increasing ionic radii
(b) Be2+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+< Ba2+
(c) Al3+ < Sr2+ < K+< Rb+
(d) Ca2+ < K+< Rb+
increasing ionic radii
increasing ionic radii
increasing ionic radii
4
Which pair will form a compound with the larger lattice energy: Na
and F or Mg and F? Why?
Since Mg has a +2 charge it forms MgF2 (s) a compound with a higher lattice
energy than NaF. MgF2 (s) formation releases a larger amount of energy than the
resultant NaF formation due to a higher charge on the Mg. Also, due to Mg2+
cation which is approximately 75% smaller than Na+ cation thus more energy will
be required to disrupt MgF2 lattice and for same reason the compound is less
soluble in water.
5
What type of bond is likely to form between one element with low
ionization energy and another element with high electron affinity? Ex...