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1
HYDROLOGY LAB REPORT
FLUID STATICS AND MANOMETRY APPARATUS
Name
Affiliation
Date
1
2
I.
Abstract
In this experiment, we record fluid levels using a level scale and Vernier scale. We will
observe starting surface levels at the store, reservoir, U-tube, fixed tube, and inclined tubes at
different edges (30 and 60 degrees). Weight will be associated in the tubes by methods for a
syringe to then evaluate the stature changes inside the store, U-tube, and the settled tubes.
II.
Purpose
The explanation behind this investigation is to make sense of how weight changes the
ascent of fluids inside a tube and to apply hydrostatic measures to fathom why this ponder
occurs. The lead of a liquid under hydrostatic norms is researched to understand why weight
impacts the ascent of a liquid in a store, U-Tube, and other settled tubes.
III.
Theory
Liquids are a physical quantity that is difficult to measure since it is heavily affected by the
container it is in, pressure, viscosity, and by the surface tension of the liquid. To correctly
measure the elevation of a liquid in a container it is best to ignore the meniscus of the liquid
surface. Parallax is another way a liquid can be read incorrectly. For this reason, it is
recommended to measure the liquid surface straight on through the horizontal.
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure due to the force of gravity on a liquid. Hydrostatic
pressure is the pressure exerted by the fluid when it is in equilibrium. The Hydrostatic equation
can be observed as:
(1)
𝑝 = 𝑝𝑜 + 𝛾ℎ
Pressure within the manometer and tubes can be measured by calculating the level
difference in a U-tube manometer. Sometimes the U-tube can be too difficult to read, thus we use
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an inclined manometer to then relate it to the horizontal to an angle of 30 or 60 degrees. At an
angle, the liquid surface is easier to read and calculate. For the Incline manometer:
ℎ = 𝐿 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)
(2)
equation (1):
𝑃 = 𝛾ℎ = 𝜌𝑔ℎ
(3)
𝑝 = 𝜌𝑔𝐿 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)
(4)
Figure-1: Inclined manometer
IV.
Equipment
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Figure-2: F1-29 Armfield apparatus
A Reservoir
U-tube differential Manometer
3- fixed tubes
Inclined manometer to be adjusted to 30 and 60 degrees
A Vernier scale positioned at the top of the reservoir (figure 2).
A color dye to read the hydrostatic surface of the liquid
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Figure-3: Vernier scale
V.
Setup and Procedure
Using a Level scale
1. The F1-29 apparatus is already set up there is no need to pump anything.
2. Briefly review the equipment so that you are able to correctly read and record the data
co...