Environmental lab report

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PH Baswww Lab 4* Total Dissolved and supended Solids Dried at 103-105° c lo/l1/18 Group A -Saad Alejr 2- Naif Alcharri 3- Mohammed Alan 4 Falch Alajn 5- *Sample 1 :-(60,027g) 4 with filters (61.0279) * sample 2: (6170g) with filters (64.892 g) 1 after the oven < with filter, Sample 2 :- (56.871 g c. with filter. (55,446 g) & without filter, Sample 1 (56.073 g) (50,640 g) < without fiften. (56.635g) & lab-line Disscabe Desiccab ( (56.0 bog) Ly without filter with filter sample 2r< 156.860g) with filte Desiclab 4 (55.442 g) without filter Dreats a abbor 0 22 서 auf le 56.151 ODIO 4. Total Dissolved and Suspended Solids Dried at 103-105° C / Fixed and Volatile Solids Ignited at 550° C 4.1 Introduction The term "solids” is generally used when referring to any material suspended or dissolved in wastewater that can be physically isolated either through filtration or evaporation. Solids can be classified as either filterable or nonfilterable. Filterable solids may either be settleable or nonsettleable. Solids can also be classified as organic or inorganic. "Filterable” solids are so small that they will pass through a standard laboratory filter, while "nonfilterable" solids are large enough to be captured on a standard filter pad. The nonfilterable solids are termed "settleable" if the solids settle out in a standard laboratory-settling container within a specified period of time. They are called "non-settleable” if they fail to settle out within that time period. If solids are "organic", the material is carbon-based and will burn. "Inorganic" solids, on the other hand, are mineral based and generally will not burn. Any material that was at one time living (for example: body wastes, starches, sugar, wood, bacteria and cotton) is all- organic, whereas limestone, iron and calcium are inorganic. Total nonfilterable residue is the retained material on a standard glass-filter after filtration of a well-mixed sample. The residue is dried at 103° to 105° C. If the suspended material clogs the filter and prolongs filtration, the difference between the total residue and the total filterable residue provides an estimate of the total nonfilterable residue. Volatile nonfilterable residue and fixed nonfilterable residue can be determined on the material retained on the glass-fiber filters in the evaporating dishes on completion of the drying process at 103° to 105° C. 21 PH Lab 4* Total Dissolved and The amount of solids in wastewater is frequently used to describe the strength of the waste. The more solids present in a particular wastewater, the stronger that wastewater will be. If the solids in wastewater are mostly organic, the impact on a treatment plant is greater than if the solids are mostly inorganic. Normal domestic wastewater contains a very small amount of solids when compared to the amount of water that carries it, generally less than 0.1%. This can be misleading, however because it may take only a very small amount of organic residue to create large pollution problems. The number and severity of pollution problems will depend on the type of solids that are involved. As a general rule, large quantities of organic solids will create more pollution problems than will the same quantity of inorganic solids. Therefore, not only is it important to know how much solids are present in the waste, but also the type of solids that are present. The test procedures for solids provide essential information about the level and type of solids coming into the treatment plant and whether the solids are actually being removed in the plant processes. Terminology c. a. Filtration - removal of suspended matter by passing a sample through a porous matrix (such as a filter pad) that prevents participles from getting through. b. Fixed solids - those solids (total, suspended or dissolved), which remain after ignition for 15 - 20 minutes at 550° C +/- 50° C. These are also commonly referred to as ash. In general, fixed solids are made up of inorganic material. Total dissolved solids - this term refers to those solids that will pass through a standard glass fiber filter. d. Total solids - the term refers to the material left in a dish after evaporation of a sample and its subsequent drying in an oven at a defined temperature. Total solids include "Total Suspended Solids" and Total Dissolved Solids”. e. Volatile solids - solids which are lost during ignition (by burning) for 15 – 20 minutes at 550° C +/- 50° C. In general, volatile solids are made up of organic material. 22 Solide nel and Suson 11 4.2 Equipment 7. Muffle oven 8. Desiccator 9. Mechanical convention oven 1. Tongs/oven gloves 2. Evaporating dishes 3. Filter paper 4. Funnel 5. Filter flask 6. Graduated cylinder 500 ml 100 ml 1000 ml 250 ml 50 m 10 ml 23 Fahad Alhajeri Marsh MD, 21113 ml (971) - 227-4480 lains with the maintenance, ndition, including works, for meworks, pipelines, and *v 2020 for 1 hr. Suspended Solids Dried at 103°C-105°C re use. Table 4-1 Total Dissolved/Suspended Soilds of Sample 1 ciple size. Sample Volume, Vs (ml) Dissolved(Filterable) Solids Weight of evaporating dish for liquid sample, Mli (g) Weight residue after oven for liquid sample(105° C), M12 (8) Weight of residue after furnace for liquid sample (550° C), M13 (8) ed and Volatin al Dissolve Total Volatile Dissolved Solids, TVDS = ML2-ML3 x 1000 (g/L) Vs Total Fixed Dissolved Solids, TFDS = ML3-ML1 x 1000 (g/L) Vs Total Dissolved Solids, TDS = ML2-ML1 x 1000 (g/L) Vs Suspended Solids Weight of evaporating dish for filter, Mfi (g) Weight of filter, MF (g) Weight residue after oven for filter(105° C), MF2 (g) Weight of residue after furnace for filter (550° C), MF3 (g) M72-MF3 Total Volatile Suspended Solids, TVSS x 1000 (g/L) Vs MF3-(M71+Mp) Total Fixed Suspended Solids, TFSS = x 1000 (g/L) Vs MF2-(MF1+MF) Total Suspended Solids, TSS = x 1000 (g/L) Vs Total Solids Total Solids, TS = TDS + TSS (g/L) n 25
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Running head. ENVIRONMENTAL LAB;WATER CONSTITUENTS

Environmental lab;Water constituents
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ENVIRONMENTAL LAB;WATER CONSTITUENTS

1. PURPOSE
The purpose of this experiment is to clarify and categorize the separation techniques used to
identify and denote the different types of solids in waste water and water in general. The
techniques include evaporation, filtration, combustion and weighing. The experiment wuill
also appreciate the fact that various solids are defined by the materials and the methodologies
applied in their determination.
2. PROCEDURE
Total Solids
The evaporating dish was ignited and cooled in the desiccators until a constant weight was
attained. 50 ML of the original solution was put in the dish and allowed to evaporate to
dryness. The residue was dried at 103C for 1 hour. The desiccators were then cooled and
reweighed again.
Suspended Solids
A filter paper was put and 50 ml was spilled. The filter paper was then removed along
with tweezers and dried at 103 C for 1 hour. The desiccators were cooled and reweighed
again.
Dissolved Solids
We treated the filtrate of suspended solids determination as for total solids determination.
Total Vola...


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