10 pg final critical review

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Wrffrznr29

Humanities

Description

Critical Review

The final assignment for this class will be a 10-page critical review of the drug treatment for a psychiatric disorder (broadly defined to include psychological and neurological disorders as well). The review will use peer-reviewed sources to evaluate the current drug treatment modalities for the selected disorder and determine the adequacy of those treatments. The paper will be evaluated on the inclusion of the following information:

Introduction
Evaluate the disorder in terms of symptomatic and behavioral presentation. Include the time, course, and progression of the disorder. Evaluate and explain special features of the disease epidemiology.

Theory
Evaluate the predominant theory or theories regarding the biological basis of the disorder. Explain the disorder in terms of pertinent neurotransmitter and receptor theories and describe the pertinent evidence of their involvement. Analyze the neurotransmitter systems in terms of the involved receptors and the use receptor agonists and antagonists in the treatment of the disorder receptor. Include information on the anatomic changes to the central nervous system as appropriate to the topic.

Treatment
Evaluate drug therapies for treating the disorder based on the current understanding of the biological basis of the disorder and the corresponding behavioral effects of the disorder. Explain pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in relation to the disorder and corresponding drug treatment. Describe any side effects and adverse effects of the drug treatment and their biological basis, including issues related to contraindications, interactions, drug metabolism, and elimination. In addition, explain risks, benefits, and ethical implications for high-risk and exceptional treatment conditions.

Conclusion
Summarize theories of psychiatric disease as they relate to principles of drug action within the chosen topic. Evaluate advantages and disadvantages of the current theory of the disorder and its treatment and evaluate any controversies regarding ethical and/or risk-benefits perspectives associated with the current treatment. Describe possible areas for future research.

Attention Students: The Masters of Arts in Psychology program is utilizing the Pathbrite portfolio tool as a repository for student scholarly work in the form of signature assignments completed within the program. After receiving feedback for this Critical Review, please implement any changes recommended by the instructor, go to Pathbriteand upload the revised Critical Review to the portfolio. (Use the Pathbrite Quick-Start Guide to create an account if you do not already have one.) The upload of signature assignments will take place after completing each course. Be certain to upload revised signature assignments throughout the program as the portfolio and its contents will be used in other courses and may be used by individual students as a professional resource tool. See the Pathbritewebsite for information and further instructions on using this portfolio tool.

Writing the Critical Review
The paper:

  • Must be 10 to 12 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Must use at least five peer-reviewed sources in addition to the course text.
  • Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing

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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

1

Running head: EPHEDRINE

Ephedrine
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation

2

EPHEDRINE
Ephedrine
Overview of the Drug
The selected psychoactive drug is ephedrine. It is both a stimulant and a medication. It is
mainly used during spinal anesthesia to prevent low blood pressure. Its usefulness is also

exhibited in narcolepsy, asthma and obesity. It is a bronchodilator and d econgestant which works
by constricting blood vessels and reducing swelling in the passages of the nasal region to allow
an individual breath more easily. It is classified as an adrenergic which implies that it has a role
in central nervous system hence an effect on brain function. It causes elevated catecholamines
release and has both beta and alpha adrenergic properties. Overall, it has a short duration of
action meaning that its pharmacokinetic processes are fast. It is also known for its pronounced
CNS effects when used during spinal anesthesia to prevent low blood pressure (Campbell &
Young, 2017). This paper will address the various pharmacological aspects of ephedrine on the
basis of psychiatric disorders indicated for the drug and the issues associated with its use.
Mechanism of Action
Ephedrine stimulates beta and alpha-adrenergic receptors resulting into norepinephrine
release from the storage sites. Additionally, it produces cardiac stimulation with increased
diastolic and systolic blood pressure as well as relaxing bronchial smooth musc...


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