IWCC Metaethical Relativism Philosophy Exam Questions
According to Enoch, how would we respond moral questions if we *are* objectivists?Group of answer choicesJust as disagreement about whether climate change is occurring feels like an attempt to discover an independent, objective scientific truth, so disagreement about whether abortion is permissible in certain cases feels like an attempt to discover an independent, objective moral truth.Just as disagreement about whether dark chocolate or milk chocolate is better seems trivial and merely about one's own preferences, so disagreement about whether abortion is okay or not seems trivial and merely about one's own preferencesJust as top hats would be in fashion if everyone were to like them and wear them, so gender discrimination would be permissible if everyone were to be okay with itJust as it's funny to say that "It's a good thing I don't like spinach, because if I did, then I would want to eat it--but it's disgusting" so it would be funny to say "It's a good thing I didn't grow up in the 18th century, because if I did, then I would think racism and slavery were okay--but they aren't!"Flag this QuestionQuestion 21 ptsAccording to Enoch, how would respond moral questions if we are *not* objectivists?Group of answer choicesJust as it seems appropriate to say that "It's a good thing I didn't grow up in the middle ages in Europe, because it I had, then I would have believed that the Sun orbits around the Earth--and that's false!" so it makes sense to say "It's a good thing I didn't grow up in the 18th century, because if I did, then I would think racism and slavery were okay--but they aren't!"Just as disagreement about whether climate change is occurring feels like an attempt to discover an independent, objective scientific truth, so disagreement about whether abortion is permissible in certain cases feels like an attempt to discover an independent, objective moral truth.Just as disagreement about whether dark chocolate or milk chocolate is better seems trivial and merely about one's own preferences, so disagreement about whether abortion is okay or not seems trivial and merely about one's own preferencesJust as smoking would still be harmful even if we were all to believe that it was harmless, so gender discrimination would be morally wrong even if we were all to believe that it was okayFlag this QuestionQuestion 31 ptsWhat is an example of a descriptive statement?Group of answer choicesIt is morally wrong to stealStealing in most cases is morally wrongLots of people find stealing to be abhorrentYou morally ought not to stealFlag this QuestionQuestion 41 ptsWhat is an example of a normative ethical statement?Group of answer choicesStealing in most cases is morally wrongOur culture believes that stealing is almost always morally unacceptableLots of people find stealing to be abhorrentJohn took Erin’s bike even though John believes that stealing is morally wrongFlag this QuestionQuestion 51 ptsWhat is an example of a metaethical statement?Group of answer choicesYou morally ought to help people starving to deathThe statement “war is wrong” (when said by me) is true if and only if I disapprove of warLying to benefit yourself is morally wrongKilling in self-defense is morally permissibleFlag this QuestionQuestion 61 ptsWhat is an example of a metaethical statement that defines a normative moral concept?Group of answer choicesWhen I say “Lying is morally wrong” that just means that my culture disapproves of lying.The statement “Lying is wrong,” when said by me, is true only if I disapprove of lying.What makes lying wrong is the fact that God commands us not to lie.The wrongness of lying is constituted by my culture’s disapproval of lying.Flag this QuestionQuestion 71 ptsWhat kind of statement does a normative ethical statement make?Group of answer choicesGives the truth conditions of normative ethical statements.Describes the beliefs and customs of a culture.Analyzes the nature of moral properties or facts.Says that some action is morally required or wrong or permissible.Flag this QuestionQuestion 81 ptsWhat is metaethical relativism? Group of answer choicesWe do not have any obligations. We do not have any duties. We are not required to do anything. Nothing we might do is wrong. What makes lying wrong is the fact that God commands us not to lie.What makes lying wrong for me is the fact that I disapprove of lying.What makes lying wrong for me is the fact that my culture disapproves of lyingFlag this QuestionQuestion 91 ptsWhat is metaethical subjectivism? Group of answer choicesWhat makes lying wrong for you is the fact that you disapprove of lying.We do not have any obligations. We do not have any duties. We are not required to do anything. Nothing we might do is wrong. What makes lying wrong for you is the fact that God's desires that we not lie or commands us not to lie.What makes lying wrong for you is the fact that your culture disapproves of lying.Flag this QuestionQuestion 101 ptsWhat is theistic voluntarism? Group of answer choicesWhat makes lying wrong for you is the fact that your culture disapproves of lying.What makes lying wrong for you is the fact that you disapprove of lying.What makes lying wrong for you is the fact that God's desires that we not lie or commands us not to lie.We do not have any obligations. We do not have any duties. We are not required to do anything. Nothing we might do is wrong. Flag this QuestionQuestion 111 ptsWhat is moral nihilism? Group of answer choicesThe wrongness of lying for me is constituted by my culture’s disapproval of lying.The wrongness of lying is constituted by God’s commanding us not to lie.We do not have any obligations. We do not have any duties. We are not required to do anything. Nothing we might do is wrong. The wrongness of lying is constituted by my disapproval of lying.Flag this QuestionQuestion 121 ptsWhat is metaethical objectivism? Group of answer choicesThere are moral properties or moral facts that exist independently of the moral codes of any culture, and of the attitudes and feelings of any individual person, and of the commands and desires of any divine being.The term "morally wrong" just means "God forbids it" or "God desires that we avoid it."The term "morally wrong" just means "I disapprove."The term "morally wrong" just means "my culture disapproves of it."Flag this QuestionQuestion 131 ptsWhat metaethical theory claims that what makes any normative moral statement true or false is determined by the moral code of the speaker's culture? Group of answer choicesTheistic voluntarismMetaethical objectivismMetaethical subjectivismMetaethical relativismFlag this QuestionQuestion 141 ptsWhat metaethical theory claims that what moral concepts such as 'right' and 'wrong' are defined in terms of one's preferences and attitudes? Group of answer choicesMetaethical relativismMetaethical subjectivismMetaethical objectivismTheistic voluntarismFlag this QuestionQuestion 151 ptsWhat metaethical theory claims that moral concepts such as 'right' and 'wrong' are defined in terms of God's commands or desires? Group of answer choicesTheistic voluntarismMetaethical relativismMetaethical subjectivismMoral nihilismFlag this QuestionQuestion 161 ptsWhat metaethical theory claims that no normative moral statement is true? Group of answer choicesMoral nihilism Metaethical objectivismMetaethical subjectivismMetaethical relativismFlag this QuestionQuestion 171 ptsWhat is metaethical subjectivism? Group of answer choicesWhat makes any normative moral statement true or false is determined by the speaker's preferences and attitudes.We are only morally responsible for acting according to our sincerely held moral attitudes and feelings.You believe what you believe; other people believe what they believePeople differ in their moral attitudes and feelings.Flag this QuestionQuestion 181 ptsWhat is metaethical objectivism? Group of answer choicesAll cultures have the same moral code.There are moral properties or moral facts that exist independently of the moral codes of any culture, and of the attitudes and feelings of any individual person, and of the commands and desires of any divine being.All moral rules are absolute and do not have any exceptions. For example, lying is always wrong, no matter the situation. We are able to approach moral decisions in an impartial, unbiased way.Flag this QuestionQuestion 191 ptsWhat is an objection to metaethical objectivism?Group of answer choicesWe ought to follow the moral code of our own culture.We ought to be tolerant of other cultures.If this view were true, there would not be any differences or disagreements across cultures. But there is.We ought to obey God.Flag this QuestionQuestion 201 ptsOne argument against metaethical objectivism relies on the following premise: "If we acquire our moral attitudes and feelings from our cultural upbringing, then there are no objective moral truths." What response addresses this premise?Group of answer choicesMetaethical subjectivism is falseThe differences we find in the moral codes of different cultures are not substantial and underlying those differences are deep similaritiesWe do not acquire all of our moral beliefs from our culture—some of them arise as a result of human biologyThe mere fact that we acquire our beliefs from a particular source does not logically mean that there are no objective facts pertaining to that topicFlag this QuestionQuestion 211 ptsWhat is an objection to metaethical relativism?Group of answer choicesIf this view were true, we would not be acquiring our moral attitudes from our cultural upbringing. But we are.If this view were true, noteworthy moral reformers would be making incorrect normative moral statements and would be encouraging people to do what is morally wrong. But many of these reformers were engaged in worthy and good projects.If this view were true, God could desire that we torture babies for fun or that we inflict gratuitous harm on each other or other similar such horrible things. Afterall, those things wouldn't be inherently wrong. There’s nothing wrong with those things separate from God’s desires. But those things are wrong, regardless of God's desires concerning them.Disagreements about distinctively moral topics do not just seem like they’re just expressions of different attitudes, which this view says they are. They seem to involve the idea that one of those attitudes is mistaken.Flag this QuestionQuestion 221 ptsWhich example is used to highlight how some moral differences across cultures are due to disagreements about the best means to achieve some agreed upon goal or end?Group of answer choicesThe example involving the tourist and A-okay.The example involving the nomadic caribou hunters.The example involving the showing of respect and love for the deceased parent by engaging in certain practices to assist them in the afterlife.The example involving the Amish tradition of avoiding modern technology and living in small, close-knit communities.Flag this QuestionQuestion 231 ptsWhat does Enoch think of arguments against metaethical objectivism that are based on the existence of disagreement?Group of answer choicesHe claims that such arguments fail to take into account the existence of disagreement on topics accepted by everyone as being objectivist.He argues that the only possible response to make is to outright deny that there is any disagreementHe thinks that they successfully undermine metaethical objectivismHe is not quite sure what to say about such argumentsFlag this QuestionQuestion 241 ptsHow does Miller respond to the “arbitrariness” objection?Group of answer choicesThere is no problem: God’s desires are arbitrary, but this is not a problemThere is no problem: God’s desires are not arbitrary. They *are* based on reasons. But these reasons are not independent *moral* truthsThere is no problem because God’s desires are not arbitrary: they are responses to his knowledge of an independent moral realityThis is a problem. Theistic voluntarism should be rejected on this basisFlag this QuestionQuestion 251 ptsAccording to Donaldson, which metaethical theory recommends following the cultural norms in the country in which you are doing business?Group of answer choicesEthical imperialismCultural relativismEthical egoismMetaethical objectivismQuiz saved at 7:06am Submit QuizQuestionsHaven't Answered YetQuestion 1Haven't Answered YetQuestion 2Haven't Answered YetQuestion 3Haven't Answered YetQuestion 4Haven't Answered YetQuestion 5Haven't Answered YetQuestion 6Haven't Answered YetQuestion 7Haven't Answered YetQuestion 8Haven't Answered YetQuestion 9Haven't Answered YetQuestion 10Haven't Answered YetQuestion 11Haven't Answered YetQuestion 12Haven't Answered YetQuestion 13Haven't Answered YetQuestion 14Haven't Answered YetQuestion 15Haven't Answered YetQuestion 16Haven't Answered YetQuestion 17Haven't Answered YetQuestion 18Haven't Answered YetQuestion 19Haven't Answered YetQuestion 20Haven't Answered YetQuestion 21Haven't Answered YetQuestion 22Haven't Answered YetQuestion 23Haven't Answered YetQuestion 24Haven't Answered YetQuestion 25Time Elapsed: HideAttempt due: Jul 3 at 11:59pm