How do patient-reported outcomes and hospital-reported outcomes differ? Provide 1 example of each. reply one  high-level quality clinical care requires patients to provide information regarding how they are feeling, their symptoms, and any effects of prescribed treatment. Patients can be considered as the center for any health care system. The outcomes of a clinical intervention obtained by the patient, that is patient-reported outcomes are deemed to be of more importance in the future than any other outcomes like clinical or caregiver-reported. Outcomes measures, health care results that are quantifiable, are used to evaluate clinical changes, support decision making in health, and help to establish new policies or practice guidelines (Melnyk & Fineout-Outholt, 2019). When it comes to the subjective experience of patient's conditions, patients and their carers can be considered experts, and they can bring value in conversations, consultations, and defining the importance of commonly used outcomes, such as length of stay. Patient-reported outcome measures provide unique information from the patient perspective on overall health, symptoms, burden, and treatment response (Bingham et al., 2017). As health care becomes more patient-centered, there is growing consensus that patient-reported outcomes should be integrated into clinical management, program development, and evaluation, comparative effectiveness assessments, quality improvement, and safety reporting.            Patient-reported outcome measures the impact of clinicians' work with patients without regard for productivity, adherence to standards, or patient experience measures. The implementation of patient-reported outcomes in clinical care introduces the patient's voice into health care provides a standardized method to capture quantitative patient data about their health status or experience with care (Noonan et al., 2017). When it comes to health care quality and outcomes, the patient voice informs the full picture and fills in the gaps between care visits documented by their physician.            Hospital-reported outcomes present information that provides an understanding of hospital performances based on provider productivity, adherence to standards of recommended care based on the expertise of health care providers. The data collected in hospital-reported outcomes are not objective or influenced by non-factual information. Hospital-reported outcomes reflect the impact of the health care service or intervention on the health status of patients. The data collected in hospital-reported outcomes are based on four domains, which are clinical care process and outcomes, safety, patient experience of care, and efficiency (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019). An appropriate outcome has clinical or policy relevance. As hospital compensation becomes dependent on pay-for-performance and bundled payment compensation models, hospitals seek to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes by decreasing patient length of stay (Jazini et al., 2016).            An example of patient-reported outcomes measures would be the patient's answers during the patient encounter with the healthcare provider. The patients answer questions on how they feel mentally, their fatigue levels, and pain perception. A patient could report swelling, pain, or fracture, but it may not actually mean they have an infection or fracture. On the other hand, examples of hospital-reported outcomes would be how a patient may respond to a certain medication, allergies, changes in the blood pressure of the patient. The rate of patients who died as a result of surgery or blood transfusion or diabetes and hepatitis are all examples of hospital-reported outcomes.             Ecclesiastes 3:1 read "For everything, there is a season and a time for every matter under heaven". There comes a time where the patient has to report outcomes about their health and how they feel about the health care services of the hospital. Hospital, on the other hand, has to report about patient responsiveness to treatment. reply two  Outcomes in healthcare are important because they are “health status results” experienced by patients that surface between two or more times points and are caused by the care that is provided, in combination with discrete modifiable or nonmodifiable patient or environmental factors (Melynk, 2019). There are two main types of outcomes including patient-reported and hospital-reported outcomes. Beginning with patient reported outcomes, they attempt to capture whether the services provided improve patients’ health and sense of wellbeing (Hostetter, 2021). An example of a patient reported outcome would be asking them to complete various activities to measure their general health to measure their mood, level of fatigue, and pain. In the coming years, patient-reported measures are expected to play a more prominent role in assessing performance and determining the comparative effectiveness of different treatments. Patient reported outcomes are expected to be used as a benchmark of performance for health care providers in the coming years as well allowing payers to link reimbursement to evidence of effectiveness of their treatment (Hostetter, 2019). Using patient reported outcome measures are in the early stages of development in clinical practice and have been mostly used to monitor conditions that rely on patients’ reports. One author talks about implementing patient reported outcomes and he says, “Symptom management is a cornerstone of clinical care, particularly for patients with chronic conditions. Yet patient reported outcomes have not been widely implemented, but they should be in order to get a better understanding of symptom management” (Ethan, 2017).The second type of outcomes are hospital-reported, and they differ from patient-reported outcomes because they measure the overall outcome of the treatment as well as the quality of treatment. This differs from patient reported outcomes because patient reported looks internally at the patient’s wellbeing and feeling. One author talks about hospital reported outcomes and he says hospital outcomes are going to mostly include post op complications, post op delirium, as well as date of actual discharge vs. predicted discharge (Roopsawang, 2020). An example of hospital reported outcomes are effectiveness of care, safety of care, treatment results, etc. Hospital outcomes have their respective time and place however, I do think that it would be a good idea for hospitals to integrate more patient-reported outcomes.Looking at this thread through a biblical worldview, it reminds me that as Christians we know the ultimate outcome is going to be whatever God wants for us. One verse that reminds me of this is Hebrews 13:20-21 and it says, “Now may the God of peace, who through the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Sheperd of the sheep, equip you with everything good for doing his will, and may he work in us what is pleasing to him, through Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory for ever and ever” (Holy Bible, English Standard Version, 2016).

After watching the video for this week (about Roper v. Simmons), and reading the case on pages 54-58, answer these specific "Questions for Discussion" on page 58.Answer questions 1, 3, and 6.Then also tell us what the main point made by Justice O'Connor in her dissenting opinion. Do you agree with her or not? Why?