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Running head: NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

Natural Language Processing
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NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

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Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of information systems that defines the
interactions between computers and humans and how the former process natural language data.
Primarily, NLP is the ability of a computer to take in and analyze natural language by
computational means. It basically involves performing activities such as sentence splitting,
tokenization, lemmatization, stemming, parsing, and parts of speech tagging. Subfields of NLP
include machine translation, information retrieval, information extraction, and a part of deep
machine learning. The state of NLP in the current industry is rapidly developing and changing
thus providing very useful approaches to NLP in computer information and corporate
applications. Through enhanced machine translation, text categorization, and information
extraction among other applications, NLP has enhanced natural language use in machine systems
and in the current industry has enhanced social media hence benefiting many organizations.
NLP has been classified into two broad categories namely Natural Language
Understanding and Natural Language Generation making the practice all about language
understanding and text generation. Under language understanding, the information system is
further outlined as linguistics which simply includes phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics,
and pragmatics (Rospocher et al., 2016). Under linguistics is syntax, a field which was widely
developed by Noam Chomsky one of the greatest 20th-century linguists to higher level which is
speech recognition and lower level natural language. As such, a full definition of NLP can be
seen as the advancements to ensure proper communication between computers and humans by
enabling computers to learn and interpret natural language. This is especially so because many
people using computers may not be able to learn and use machine specific language prescribed

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for computers. Therefore, NLP makes it easy for computers to gather natural language data and
analyze it to make sense out of it.
Other than the basic functions, the different levels of NLP are the best definition of
explaining how the process works. Three main levels are recognized and these include content
planning, sentence planning, and surface realization. Under content planning, the user model,
domain model, content selection, and discourse planning are brought together under the goal of
co...