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Public policy making and management at municipal level

A public policy is a direction given by a politician or governing council
explaining the politician’s or council’s intentions during their time in office. The
municipality has to have targets they want to achieve when they are setting their
policies. One such target is the improved living and working conditions of the
population. Under this, the municipality has to consider also the rights of the
underprivileged population in order to protect them. Another aim of policies is the
protection of the environment. In addition, the policies have to allow for social and
economic growth.

The need for these policies is brought about by several factors. The first is the
need for a municipality to attain certain goals. For instance, policies have to be set if the
municipality targets at the providence of electricity, water, health services, schools,
recreational facilities among others. (Hill and Hupe, 2014)In addition to acquiring
goals, there are laws that make it mandatory for policy formulation. Some of these
include the municipal systems act, property rates bill, municipal finance management
bill, and the water act. Also, constituents are required to identify problems in their
constituencies and then municipality has to set policies to solve problems raised.

Elements of a policy

A policy document has to contain some necessary elements. One of those is the
policy vision. Under this element, anyone going through the policy document should be
able to see the bigger picture of what the policy is set to achieve. The vision should also
include the dreams and hopes of the community. Another important element in a policy
document is the policy goals and objectives. (Dror, 2017) This element is the backbone

of the policy’s desired outcome. Goals may vary from the need for clean water supply
to the projected economic growth. To make it understandable by the common citizen, a
policy document should include definitions of the terms used in the document.

Roles of those in the administration should be clearly stated in a policy
document. For example, it is crucial to note that councilors have a supervisory role in
the administration headed by the municipal manager. If a policy is as a result of a
legislative action, then the legislative framework that the policy was formed under
should be an element of the policy document. (Birkland, 2015)The policy document
should also delegate duties to members of the administration with respect to the
policies set. Lastly, the policy document should have conditions necessary for the
realization of the policies.

Categories of public policies

The first category of public policies is either as sustentative or procedural
policies. Sustentative policies involve responsibilities of a government to its citizens
like the construction of highways. The government equally shares the recourses to the
people. (Gerston, 2014)Procedural policies explain how something is going to be done.
Another classification is under distributive, regulatory, self-regulatory and
redistributive policies. Distributive policies deal with the allocation of services or
products to a particular segment of the population. Regulatory policies limit an
individual’s or part of a population’s behavior. A good example is banking laws. Selfregulatory policies are in favor of a particular group in order to protect their interests.
Finally, redistributive policies are policies by the government in an attempt to reallocate
resources among the population.

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