Cannibolism in South Amerca

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Funeerggrw

Humanities

College of Charleston

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For my research project I choose to focus on cannibalism in the Wari Tribe in South America. Specifically exo and endo cannibalism and the rituals that cannibalism were apart of in their culture. There’s much debate on cannibalism in regards to how big of a role it played in with the native people and how common it actually was.

You can compare and contrast the Wari to any other south American tribes in the paper.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/646047?seq=3#metadata_info_tab_contents.


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1 325-18 People and Cultures of South America Research paper guidelines and potential topic list Research topics involving any aspect or area of South America and any one or more of the four anthropological sub-disciplines (see below) may be selected for a research paper, pending proposal approval. Research can focus on one culture or compare across cultures, regions, or culture areas. The paper should be at least 10 pages in content length (excluding citations), with its structure roughly as follows: - introduction - methods - presentation - discussion - conclusion - bibliography statement of topic/hypothesis, brief abstract of findings or conclusions brief discussion of types of sources used and why selected (if relevant) detailed discussion of information or data and interpretation of findings of alternative interpretations, additional hypotheses or possibilities, limitations of research, etc. summary statement of research findings, implications, suggestions for further research see http://www.aaanet.org/pubs/style_guide.pdf For best grade, work should be clearly organized and written. Typos, misspellings, and poor grammar will not be favorably received. All assertions must either be appropriately cited explicitly described as your own. A brief research proposal (10/9) must be submitted for approval, and should report on chosen topic and the availability and quality of relevant sources. It should fully cite at least three preliminary sources you have consulted that convinced you that further research would be feasible (5%). Research notes or a rough draft must be submitted (10/23) for general evaluation and comment. These should include full citations for at least a majority of the sources on which you will be relying (5%). The final paper is due on 11/29 (20%). Brief presentations of your research will take place on 11/27-29, for half of your course participation grade (5%). Any issues or questions, please contact me. Also keep in mind that I will accept drafts at any point for additional feedback you may desire up to the date of final submission. 2 Selected research topics from previous classes (it’s been a while…) - Alto de Cruzeiro and Scheper-Hughes’ debate - Body Shop and Kayapo - burial customs of the Moche - cannibalism - Colombian cocaine trade and indigenous populations - comparison of cultural attributes and environment of Tierra Del Fuego tribes - comparison of effects of Conquest: Inca/Araucanians - comparisons of acculturation - conceptions of pregnancy and birth - disappeared in Chile - effects of Jesuit missions on Guarani - evaluation of rural development strategies in Colombia - forms of tobacco use - Inca art development - Inca religiosity - infanticide - Jivaro warfare and ritual - Kayapo pre and post contact subsistence strategies - mining in Bolivia - Moche art and architecture - Monteverde update - mummification in the Andes - Nazca lines - Pizarro: upbringing shaped his actions? - Quipus as “writing” - religion in Brazil - sculpture of Chavin - shamanism - Trickster tales - Tukano shamanism - Umbanda and sexual metaphors of possession - weapons - Yaman myths - Yanomamo debates - Yanomamo gender roles
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Running Head: CANNIBALISM IN SOUTH AMERICA

Cannibalism in South America
Institutional Affiliation
Date

1

CANNIBALISM IN SOUTH AMERICA

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INTRODUCTION
Hypothesis
Cannibalism played a massive role with the Wari Tribe since the rituals which
revolved around cannibalism were regarded as some of the tribal customs. The tribe is highly
known for their tradition, mortuary cannibalism which featured endocannibalism.
Additionally, the tribe was also known to practice exocannibalism. Endocannibalism revolves
around the consumption of flesh which will belong to an individual who is a close or distant
kin. The individual will be part of the tribe and the society. Exocannibalism, however,
focuses on the consumption of flesh and the flesh being consumed will belong to an
individual who is regarded as the enemy to the tribe and will not be part of the social group.
The Wari is one of the Amazon tribes from the Txapakura linguistic family which
practiced both forms of cannibalism. The custom practice came to an end following
pacification during the 1960s. The research carried out in this paper will provide information
regarding this particular tribe. Majority of the information presented will revolve around
cannibalism as a custom which had been practiced for so many years by the Wari tribe. The
research paper will delve in deeper to provide more information on endocannibalism, how the
tribe practiced this particular custom. For instance, the paper will provide information on how
many days would pass following the death of a kinsman, who would cook the dead body,
who would eat the body of the deceased, what organs would be eaten and so on. 1
Information which revolved around exocannibalism would also be presented in this
research paper. The study carried out would also show the significance of the customs as was

1

"3. Bone Appétite." The Why Files | The Science Behind the News. Accessed November 28, 2018.
https://whyfiles.org/164cannibal/3.html.

CANNIBALISM IN SOUTH AMERICA

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seen during the period it was being practiced by the tribe and how common the practice was.
Last but not least, the study carried out in this research paper would compare and contrast this
particular tribe to another South American tribe.
Abstract
The research paper will examine the two forms of cannibalism as practiced by the
Wari Tribe before pacification occurred back in the 1960s. The findings which will be
presented in this research paper show that the cannibalism which was highly practiced as a
custom by the tribe involved the consumption of the whole flesh. This will include the
deceased organ such as the liver, heart, and brains. The bones were also grounded and
consumed as well. The custom was highly unusual since mortuary cannibalism as seen in the
tribe involved individuals consuming only small amounts of the body of the deceased. The
consumption will be done by the individuals who are the closest kin to the dead. 2 When it
came to the eating of the enemy flesh, the corpse would not only be treated disrespectfully
but would also be abused. The flesh would be roasted while it was flesh which is entirely
different from the flesh consumed during endocannibalism since the corpse could only be
eaten three days after the death of the individuals. The flesh would be consumed directly
from the bone as if the flesh was nothing but animal meat. 3
The differences in the two forms of cannibalism as a custom also show the importance
of the tradition. From the research carried out, endocannibalism was highly significant since
the custom was done as a sign of respect for the dead. In simple words, endocannibalism was
2

Conklin, Beth A. "“thus are our bodies, thus was our custom”: mortuary cannibalism in an Amazonian
society." American Ethnologist 22, no. 1 (1995): 75-101.

3

Vilaça, Aparecida. "Relations between funerary cannibalism and warfare cannibalism: the question of
predation." Ethnos65, no. 1 (2000): 83-106.

CANNIBALISM IN SOUTH AMERICA

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done to honor the dead. For exocannibalism, the hostility experienced while practicing the
customs was a way of dishonoring and disrespecting dead. The enemies were regarded as
animals by the tribe. From the findings discovered in this research, the central role of the
custom to the Wari tribe can be linked to spiritual and emotional relations which existed
between the dead and the living. The consumption of flesh, in particular, endocannibalism
focused on the emotions of grief as well as the memories of those who had passed on. The
tribe believed that the custom which was one of the mourning rites would further contribute
to a symbolic transformation of the deceased who would be transformed into animal form
after his or her death.4
METHODS
Data Collection Methods
The information gained for this research was gained through interviews. The
interviews which were carried out by one of the researchers managed to provide information
regarding ...


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I was struggling with this subject, and this helped me a ton!

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