analysis of a chosen organizational, cultural, or legal challenge facing the field of public administration.

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BEFORE YOU BID PLEASE READ!!!! I DONT HAVE THE TEXTBOOK SO PLEASE DO THE BEST THAT YOU CAN DO. I HAVE POSTED SOME ATTACHEMENTS PLEASE READ THROUGH THEM ALL TO UNDERSTAND THE ASSIGNMENT. GOOD LUCK.

For this milestone, you will submit a rough draft of your final project.

The final project includes an analysis of a chosen organizational, cultural, or legal challenge facing the field of public administration. The rough draft offers you an opportunity for feedback from the instructor prior to the final project submission.

For additional details, please refer to the Milestone Three Guidelines and Rubric document and the Final Project Guidelines and Rubric document.

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PAD 630 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview Understanding the organizational, legal, and cultural differences between managing in the public sector versus the private sector is vital to organizational success. Public managers face unique challenges (both ideological and practical), which is why an understanding of the dynamic interaction of theory and practice is important. In addition, public managers need to understand the enduring issues and evolving tools required in public service. For the final project, you will write a white paper focusing on an organizational, a legal, or a cultural challenge in the field of public administration. Early in the course, you will select an issue that is of interest to you. Your chosen challenge will act as the lens through which you will examine the impacts of various theories on the practice of public administration. You will also assess the role of the executive, judicial, and legislative branches in developing public policy, and you will evaluate budgeting techniques and communication strategies for their effectiveness. The project is divided into three milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final submissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules Two, Five, and Eight. The final project will be submitted in Module Ten. This assessment addresses the following course outcomes:       Contrast the views of early public administration theorists for determining their impact on the public administration profession Assess the impact of professional management on the effectiveness of governmental operations at the federal, state, and local levels Analyze essential organizational, cultural, and legal differences between public administration and private sector management for determining their impact on governmental operations Differentiate among the roles of the executive, judicial, and legislative branches in establishing and implementing public policy at the federal and state governmental levels Evaluate public budgeting techniques for their effect on governmental organizations and stakeholders Assess real-world communication strategies employed by governmental institutions for their effectiveness in enhancing public outreach and developing a sense of community Prompt Your final project should focus on an organizational, a legal, or a cultural challenge facing public administrators that is of interest to you. Using this challenge as your lens, write a white paper discussing the impact different theories have had on the practice of public administration and examining the unique challenges facing managers in the public sector. Remember that the focus of your paper is the public administration challenge that you selected. You may select one of these challenges to public administration, or you may choose another, with instructor approval:      Discuss the emergence of the “governance without government” concept, which focuses on the importance of networks, nontraditional partnerships, and the markets to guide society, rather than traditional bureaucratic institutions. This movement has taken hold in Europe and is gaining momentum in the United States. How is the new public administration movement impacting the “accountability versus efficiency” paradigm that has defined the profession since its inception? How is the reintroduction of privatization impacting public policy decision making and the targeted social outcomes? For example, imagine a state determines that access to high-speed internet for every home is essential for long-term public health, yet in areas of the state, the market has determined that it is not profitable to provide the service. Should the state form a partnership with a private sector business (i.e., subsidize) to ensure that their social goal is obtained? What are effective performance measures to evaluate programs and management in the public sector? Traditionally, the focus has been on measuring inputs and activities. Is this focus still effective? How can flexibility and creativity be integrated into the structures of public organizations in a way that allows for nimble, street-level decision making to swiftly adapt to ever-changing environmental conditions while maintaining some level of accountability to the citizens? Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed: I. Introduction Concisely describe your chosen organizational, legal, or cultural challenge in the field of public administration. II. Theoretical Overview: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. A. Public Administration Advocates: Describe the original advocates for the development of professional public management within the federal government of the United States. In your description, consider questions such as these: What were their viewpoints? How did they advocate for the development of public administration? B. Impact on Public Administration: Differentiate between the views of Dwight Waldo and Herbert Simon. How did each impact the development of the public administration profession? C. Public Administration Dichotomy: Analyze the founding dichotomy of public administration as expressed by Dwight Waldo for its impact on public administration practice. III. Public Administration in Practice A. Governmental Operations: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. 1. Civil Service Implementation: Assess the impact that the implementation of civil service had on the effectiveness of public service in the federal government. 2. Local Governmental Operations: Illustrate how public administration has manifested itself in local governmental operations. In other words, what impact has professional management had on local governmental operations? For example, you could consider how prevalent the mayor/manager form of government is. 3. Impact of Iron Triangle: Assess the impact of the “iron triangle” on public policy and program administration at the state and federal levels of government. In other words, how does the bureaucracy counterbalance the direct relationship between special interests and the legislature? B. Differences Between Public Administration and Private Sector Management: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. 1. Organizational Differences: Contrast the impact of political boundaries in governmental operations versus the private sector. For example, you could consider how political boundaries impact program and operational efficiencies. Provide specific examples to support your response. 2. Legal Differences: Analyze mandates, legal and nonlegal, related to the challenge you selected. How do they impact the operations of state and local governments? How do these mandates apply to private sector firms? Provide specific examples to support your response. 3. Cultural Differences: Illustrate the impacts politics can have on administrative appointments in the public and private sectors. In other words, what is the impact of political appointments on the culture of governmental agencies and private businesses? Provide specific examples to support your response. C. Roles of the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. 1. Executive Branch: Outline the role of the executive branch of government in the development of public policy, specifically related to the challenge you selected. 2. Legislative Branch: Outline the role of the legislative branch of government in the development of public policy, specifically related to the challenge you selected. 3. Judicial Branch: What role does the court system play in arbitrating public policy disputes between the executive and legislative branches of government? Focus specifically on how the judicial branch has impacted the challenge you selected. D. Public Budgeting Techniques: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. 1. Zero-Based Budgeting: Assess the principle of zero-based budgeting for how it has impacted federal programs and their stakeholders. What are the pros and cons of this methodology? 2. Performance-Based Budgeting: Assess how performance-based budgeting applies to private sector budgeting practices in a public sector setting. What are the pros and cons of this methodology? Include the impact on public programs and their stakeholders in your response. 3. Emerging Budget Strategies: Describe emerging budget strategies being utilized by public agencies to address the difficult fiscal environment facing local governments. In other words, what contemporary public budgeting techniques are effective? E. Governmental Communication Strategies: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. 1. Impact of Social Media: Assess the effectiveness of social media on governmental operations at the federal, state, or local governmental level. Consider questions such as these: What impact has social media had in enhancing public outreach? How has social media been used to develop a sense of community? 2. Impact of Other Media Types: Assess how various other media types can enhance public outreach and impact a citizen’s sense of community. 3. Communication Strategies: How has the proliferation of information outlets impacted the communication strategies utilized by government officials? Milestones Milestone One: Introduction and Theoretical Overview In Module Two, you will submit a draft of the Introduction and Theoretical Overview sections of the final project (Sections I and II). This milestone will be graded with the Milestone One Rubric. Milestone Two: Public Administration in Practice In Module Five, you will submit a paper that outlines the Public Administration in Practice section of the final project (Section III). You will also include a list of potential bibliographic references that will be used for the final project. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone Two Rubric. Milestone Three: Rough Draft In Module Eight, you will submit a rough draft of your final project. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone Three Rubric. Final Submission: White Paper In Module Ten, you will submit your final project. It should be a complete, polished artifact containing all of the critical elements of the final product. It should reflect the incorporation of feedback gained throughout the course. This submission will be graded with the Final Project Rubric. Deliverables Milestone Deliverable Module Due Grading One Introduction and Theoretical Overview (Sections I and II) Two Graded separately; Milestone One Rubric Two Public Administration in Practice (Section III) Five Graded separately; Milestone Two Rubric Rough Draft Eight Graded separately; Milestone Three Rubric Final Submission: White Paper Ten Graded separately; Final Project Rubric Three Final Project Rubric Guidelines for Submission: Your white paper should be 15–20 pages in length and should use double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. You should use APA guidelines for your cover page, in-text citations, and reference list. Critical Elements Introduction Exemplary (100%) Meets “Proficient” criteria, and description expertly balances necessary detail with brevity Proficient (90%) Concisely describes selected organizational, legal, or cultural challenge in public administration Theoretical Overview: Public Administration Advocates [PAD-630-01] Meets “Proficient” criteria, and description demonstrates nuanced understanding of early public administration theorists’ contrasting views Describes original advocates for development of professional public management in federal government of United States Needs Improvement (70%) Describes selected organizational, legal, or cultural challenge in public administration, but description is wordy or vague Describes original advocates for development of professional public management in federal government of United States, but with gaps in clarity or detail Not Evident (0%) Does not describe selected organizational, legal, or cultural challenge in public administration Does not describe original advocates for development of professional public management in federal government of United States, or description lacks focus on selected challenge Theoretical Overview: Meets “Proficient” criteria, and Differentiates between the views Differentiates between the views Does not differentiate between Impact on Public response demonstrates keen of Dwight Waldo and Herbert of Dwight Waldo and Herbert the views of Dwight Waldo and Administration insight into relationship between Simon for how they impacted the Simon for how they impacted the Herbert Simon for how they [PAD-630-01] contrasting views of early public development of the public development of the public impacted the development of the administration theorists and administration profession administration profession, but public administration profession, impact on public administration with gaps in accuracy or detail or response lacks focus on profession selected challenge Value 4.1 5.1 5.1 Theoretical Overview: Public Administration Dichotomy [PAD-630-01] Meets “Proficient” criteria, and analysis demonstrates keen insight into relationship between contrasting views of early public administration theorists and impact on public administration profession Public Administration Meets “Proficient” criteria, and in Practice: Civil Service assessment demonstrates Implementation nuanced understanding of [PAD-630-02] impact of professional management on effectiveness of governmental operations Public Administration Meets “Proficient” criteria, and in Practice: Local response demonstrates nuanced Governmental understanding of impact of Operations professional management on [PAD-630-02] effectiveness of governmental operations Public Administration Meets “Proficient” criteria, and in Practice: Impact of assessment demonstrates Iron Triangle nuanced understanding of [PAD-630-02] impact of professional management on effectiveness of governmental operations Public Administration Meets “Proficient” criteria, and in Practice: response demonstrates keen Organizational insight into differences between Differences public and private sector [PAD-630-03] management Public Administration Meets “Proficient” criteria, and in Practice: Legal response demonstrates keen Differences insight into differences between [PAD-630-03] public and private sector management Analyzes founding dichotomy of public administration as expressed by Dwight Waldo for its impact on public administrative practice Analyzes founding dichotomy of public administration as expressed by Dwight Waldo for its impact on public administrative practice, but with gaps in accuracy or detail Assesses the impact that the implementation of civil service had on the effectiveness of public service in the federal government Assesses the impact that the implementation of civil service had on the effectiveness of public service in the federal government, but assessment is cursory or inaccurate Illustrates how public administration has manifested itself in local governmental operations, but with gaps in clarity or detail Illustrates how public administration has manifested itself in local governmental operations Assesses impact of iron triangle on public policy and program administration at state and federal levels of government Assesses impact of iron triangle on public policy and program administration at state and federal levels of government, but assessment is cursory or inaccurate Contrasts impact of political Contrasts impact of political boundaries in governmental boundaries in governmental operations versus the private operations versus the private sector, supporting response with sector, but with gaps in accuracy, specific examples detail, or support Analyzes legal and nonlegal Analyzes legal and nonlegal mandates related to selected mandates related to selected challenges for how they impact challenges for how they impact state and local government state and local government operations and private sector operations and private sector firms, supporting response with firms, but with gaps in accuracy, specific examples detail, or support Does not analyze founding dichotomy of public administration as expressed by Dwight Waldo for its impact on public administrative practice, or analysis lacks focus on selected challenge Does not assess the impact that the implementation of civil service had on the effectiveness of public service in the federal government, or assessment lacks focus on selected challenge Does not illustrate how public administration has manifested itself in local governmental operations, or response lacks focus on selected challenge 5.1 Does not assess impact of iron triangle on public policy and program administration at state and federal levels of government, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not contrast impact of political boundaries in governmental operations versus the private sector, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not analyze legal and nonlegal mandates related to selected challenges for how they impact state and local government operations and private sector firms, or response lacks focus on selected challenge 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 Public Administration in Practice: Cultural Differences [PAD-630-03] Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response demonstrates keen insight into differences between public and private sector management Public Administration Meets “Proficient” criteria, and in Practice: Executive response demonstrates nuanced Branch understanding of role of [PAD-630-04] executive branch in establishing and implementing public policy Public Administration Meets “Proficient” criteria, and in Practice: Legislative response demonstrates nuanced Branch understanding of role of [PAD-630-04] legislative branch in establishing and implementing public policy Public Administration Meets “Proficient” criteria, and in Practice: Judicial response demonstrates nuanced Branch understanding of role of judicial [PAD-630-04] branch in establishing and implementing public policy Illustrates impacts of politics on administrative appointments in public and private sectors, supporting response with specific examples Outlines role of executive branch of government in development of public policy, specifically related to selected challenge Illustrates impacts of politics on administrative appointments in public and private sectors, but with gaps in clarity, detail, or support Outlines role of executive branch of government in development of public policy, specifically related to selected challenge, but with gaps in accuracy or detail Outlines role of legislative branch Outlines role of legislative branch of government in development of government in development of public policy, specifically of public policy, specifically related to selected challenge related to selected challenge, but with gaps in accuracy or detail Analyzes role of court system in Analyzes role of court system in arbitrating public policy disputes arbitrating public policy disputes between executive and between executive and legislative branches of legislative branches of government, specifically related government, specifically related to selected challenge to selected challenge, but with gaps in accuracy or detail Public Administration Meets “Proficient” criteria, and Assesses principle of zero-based Assesses principle of zero-based in Practice: Zero-Based assessment demonstrates keen budgeting for how it has budgeting for how it has Budgeting insight into relationship between impacted federal programs and impacted federal programs and [PAD-630-05] public budgeting techniques and their stakeholders and addresses their stakeholders and addresses governmental organizations and pros and cons of methodology pros and cons of methodology, stakeholders but response is cursory or inaccurate Public Administration Meets “Proficient” criteria, and Assesses how performanceAssesses how performancein Practice: assessment demonstrates keen based budgeting applies to based budgeting applies to Performance-Based insight into relationship between private sector budgeting private sector budgeting Budgeting public budgeting techniques and practices in public sector setting practices in public sector setting [PAD-630-05] governmental organizations and and addresses pros and cons of and addresses pros and cons of stakeholders methodology and impact on methodology and impact on public programs and their public programs and their stakeholders stakeholders, but response is cursory or inaccurate Does not illustrate impacts of politics on administrative appointments in public and private sectors, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not outline role of executive branch of government in development of public policy, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not outline role of legislative branch of government in development of public policy, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not analyze role of court system in arbitrating public policy disputes between executive and legislative branches of government, or response lacks focus on selected challenge 5.1 Does not assess principle of zerobased budgeting for how it has impacted federal programs and their stakeholders, or response lacks focus on selected challenge 5.1 Does not assess how performance-based budgeting applies to private sector budgeting practices in public sector setting, or response lacks focus on selected challenge 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 Public Administration in Practice: Emerging Budget Strategies [PAD-630-05] Public Administration in Practice: Impact of Social Media [PAD-630-06] Public Administration in Practice: Impact of Other Media Types [PAD-630-06] Public Administration in Practice: Communication Strategies [PAD-630-06] Articulation of Response Meets “Proficient” criteria, and description demonstrates keen insight into relationship between public budgeting techniques and governmental organizations and stakeholders Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response demonstrates keen insight into relationship between communication strategies, public outreach, and sense of community Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response demonstrates keen insight into relationship between communication strategies, public outreach, and sense of community Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response demonstrates nuanced understanding of communication strategies employed by governmental institutions Describes emerging budget strategies being utilized by public agencies to address the difficult fiscal environment facing local governments Describes emerging budget strategies being utilized by public agencies to address the difficult fiscal environment facing local governments, but with gaps in clarity or detail Assesses the effectiveness of Assesses the effectiveness of social media on governmental social media on governmental operations at federal, state, or operations at federal, state, or local governmental level local governmental level, but assessment is cursory or inaccurate Assesses how various other Assesses how various other media types can enhance public media types can enhance public outreach and impact a citizen’s outreach and impact a citizen’s sense of community sense of community, but assessment is cursory or inaccurate Explains how proliferation of Explains how proliferation of information outlets has impacted information outlets has impacted communication strategies communication strategies utilized by government officials utilized by government officials, but with gaps in clarity or detail Submission is free of errors Submission has no major errors related to citations, grammar, related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, and organization spelling, syntax, or organization and is presented in a professional and easy to read format Does not describe emerging budget strategies being utilized by public agencies to address the difficult fiscal environment facing local governments, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not assess the effectiveness of social media on governmental operations at federal, state, or local governmental level, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not assess how various other media types can enhance public outreach and impact a citizen’s sense of community, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not explain how proliferation of information outlets has impacted communication strategies utilized by government officials, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Submission has major errors Submission has critical errors related to citations, grammar, related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization spelling, syntax, or organization that negatively impact readability that prevent understanding of and articulation of main ideas ideas Total 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.1 100% PAD 630 Milestone Three Guidelines and Rubric For this milestone, submit a rough draft of your final project white paper. Include all the required elements of the final paper and incorporate any relevant instructor feedback you received on Milestones One and Two. In your rough draft, be sure to address all the following critical elements: I. Introduction Concisely describe your chosen organizational, legal, or cultural challenge in the field of public administration. II. Theoretical Overview: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. A. Public Administration Advocates: Describe the original advocates for the development of professional public management within the federal government of the United States. In your description, consider questions such as these: What were their viewpoints? How did they advocate for the development of public administration? B. Impact on Public Administration: Differentiate between the views of Dwight Waldo and Herbert Simon. How did each impact the development of the public administration profession? C. Public Administration Dichotomy: Analyze the founding dichotomy of public administration as expressed by Dwight Waldo for its impact on public administration practice. III. Public Administration in Practice A. Governmental Operations: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. 1. Civil Service Implementation: Assess the impact that the implementation of civil service had on the effectiveness of public service in the federal government. 2. Local Governmental Operations: Illustrate how public administration has manifested itself in local governmental operations. In other words, what impact has professional management had on local governmental operations? For example, you could consider how prevalent the mayor/manager form of government is. 3. Impact of Iron Triangle: Assess the impact of the “iron triangle” on public policy and program administration at the state and federal levels of government. In other words, how does the bureaucracy counterbalance the direct relationship between special interests and the legislature? B. Differences Between Public Administration and Private Sector Management: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. 1. Organizational Differences: Contrast the impact of political boundaries in governmental operations versus the private sector. For example, you could consider how political boundaries impact program and operational efficiencies. Provide specific examples to support your response. 2. Legal Differences: Analyze mandates, legal and nonlegal, related to the challenge you selected. How do they impact the operations of state and local governments? How do these mandates apply to private sector firms? Provide specific examples to support your response. 3. Cultural Differences: Illustrate the impacts politics can have on administrative appointments in the public and private sectors. In other words, what is the impact of political appointments on the culture of governmental agencies and private businesses? Provide specific examples to support your response. C. Roles of the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. 1. Executive Branch: Outline the role of the executive branch of government in the development of public policy, specifically related to the challenge you selected. 2. Legislative Branch: Outline the role of the legislative branch of government in the development of public policy, specifically related to the challenge you selected. 3. Judicial Branch: What role does the court system play in arbitrating public policy disputes between the executive and legislative branches of government? Focus specifically on how the judicial branch has impacted the challenge you selected. D. Public Budgeting Techniques: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. 1. Zero-Based Budgeting: Assess the principle of zero-based budgeting for how it has impacted federal programs and their stakeholders. What are the pros and cons of this methodology? 2. Performance-Based Budgeting: Assess how performance-based budgeting applies to private sector budgeting practices in a public sector setting. What are the pros and cons of this methodology? Include the impact on public programs and their stakeholders in your response. 3. Emerging Budget Strategies: Describe emerging budget strategies being utilized by public agencies to address the difficult fiscal environment facing local governments. In other words, what contemporary public budgeting techniques are effective? E. Governmental Communication Strategies: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. 1. Impact of Social Media: Assess the effectiveness of social media on governmental operations at the federal, state, or local governmental level. Consider questions such as these: What impact has social media had in enhancing public outreach? How has social media been used to develop a sense of community? 2. Impact of Other Media Types: Assess how various other media types can enhance public outreach and impact a citizen’s sense of community. 3. Communication Strategies: How has the proliferation of information outlets impacted the communication strategies utilized by government officials? Milestone Three Rubric Please note that the rubric for the rough draft is not identical to the Final Project Rubric. The Final Project Rubric will include an Exemplary category, which provides guidance as to how you can go above and beyond the Proficient category in your final submission. Guidelines for Submission: Your draft should be 15–20 pages in length and should use double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. You should use APA guidelines for your cover page, in-text citations, and reference list. Critical Elements Introduction Proficient (100%) Concisely describes selected organizational, legal, or cultural challenge in public administration Theoretical Overview: Public Administration Advocates Describes original advocates for development of professional public management in federal government of United States Theoretical Overview: Impact on Public Administration Differentiates between the views of Dwight Waldo and Herbert Simon for how they impacted the development of the public administration profession Theoretical Overview: Public Administration Dichotomy Analyzes founding dichotomy of public administration as expressed by Dwight Waldo for its impact on public administrative practice Public Administration in Practice: Civil Service Implementation Assesses the impact that the implementation of civil service had on the effectiveness of public service in the federal government Public Administration in Practice: Local Governmental Operations Illustrates how public administration has manifested itself in local governmental operations Needs Improvement (80%) Describes selected organizational, legal, or cultural challenge in public administration, but description is wordy or vague Describes original advocates for development of professional public management in federal government of United States, but with gaps in clarity or detail Differentiates between the views of Dwight Waldo and Herbert Simon for how they impacted the development of the public administration profession, but with gaps in accuracy or detail Analyzes founding dichotomy of public administration as expressed by Dwight Waldo for its impact on public administrative practice, but with gaps in accuracy or detail Assesses the impact that the implementation of civil service had on the effectiveness of public service in the federal government, but assessment is cursory or inaccurate Illustrates how public administration has manifested itself in local governmental operations, but with gaps in clarity or detail Not Evident (0%) Does not describe selected organizational, legal, or cultural challenge in public administration Value 4.1 Does not describe original advocates for development of professional public management in federal government of United States, or description lacks focus on selected challenge Does not differentiate between the views of Dwight Waldo and Herbert Simon for how they impacted the development of the public administration profession, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not analyze founding dichotomy of public administration as expressed by Dwight Waldo for its impact on public administrative practice, or analysis lacks focus on selected challenge Does not assess the impact that the implementation of civil service had on the effectiveness of public service in the federal government, or assessment lacks focus on selected challenge Does not illustrate how public administration has manifested itself in local governmental operations, or response lacks focus on selected challenge 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 Public Administration in Practice: Impact of Iron Triangle Assesses impact of iron triangle on public policy and program administration at state and federal levels of government Public Administration in Practice: Organizational Differences Contrasts impact of political boundaries in governmental operations versus the private sector, supporting response with specific examples Analyzes legal and nonlegal mandates related to selected challenges for how they impact state and local government operations and private sector firms, supporting response with specific examples Illustrates impacts of politics on administrative appointments in public and private sectors, supporting response with specific examples Outlines role of executive branch of government in development of public policy, specifically related to selected challenge Public Administration in Practice: Legal Differences Public Administration in Practice: Cultural Differences Public Administration in Practice: Executive Branch Public Administration in Practice: Legislative Branch Outlines role of legislative branch of government in development of public policy, specifically related to selected challenge Public Administration in Practice: Judicial Branch Analyzes role of court system in arbitrating public policy disputes between executive and legislative branches of government, specifically related to selected challenge Assesses impact of iron triangle on public policy and program administration at state and federal levels of government, but assessment is cursory or inaccurate Contrasts impact of political boundaries in governmental operations versus the private sector, but with gaps in accuracy, detail, or support Analyzes legal and nonlegal mandates related to selected challenges for how they impact state and local government operations and private sector firms, but with gaps in accuracy, detail, or support Illustrates impacts of politics on administrative appointments in public and private sectors, but with gaps in clarity, detail, or support Outlines role of executive branch of government in development of public policy, specifically related to selected challenge, but with gaps in accuracy or detail Outlines role of legislative branch of government in development of public policy, specifically related to selected challenge, but with gaps in accuracy or detail Analyzes role of court system in arbitrating public policy disputes between executive and legislative branches of government, specifically related to selected challenge, but with gaps in accuracy or detail Does not assess impact of iron triangle on public policy and program administration at state and federal levels of government, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not contrast impact of political boundaries in governmental operations versus the private sector, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not analyze legal and nonlegal mandates related to selected challenges for how they impact state and local government operations and private sector firms, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not illustrate impacts of politics on administrative appointments in public and private sectors, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not outline role of executive branch of government in development of public policy, or response lacks focus on selected challenge 5.1 Does not outline role of legislative branch of government in development of public policy, or response lacks focus on selected challenge 5.1 Does not analyze role of court system in arbitrating public policy disputes between executive and legislative branches of government, or response lacks focus on selected challenge 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 Public Administration in Practice: Zero-Based Budgeting Assesses principle of zero-based budgeting for how it has impacted federal programs and their stakeholders and addresses pros and cons of methodology Public Administration in Practice: PerformanceBased Budgeting Assesses how performance-based budgeting applies to private sector budgeting practices in public sector setting and addresses pros and cons of methodology and impact on public programs and their stakeholders Public Administration in Practice: Emerging Budget Strategies Describes emerging budget strategies being utilized by public agencies to address the difficult fiscal environment facing local governments Public Administration in Practice: Impact of Social Media Assesses the effectiveness of social media on governmental operations at federal, state, or local governmental level Public Administration in Practice: Impact of Other Media Types Assesses how various other media types can enhance public outreach and impact a citizen’s sense of community Public Administration in Practice: Communication Strategies Explains how proliferation of information outlets has impacted communication strategies utilized by government officials Articulation of Response Submission has no major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization Assesses principle of zero-based budgeting for how it has impacted federal programs and their stakeholders and addresses pros and cons of methodology, but response is cursory or inaccurate Assesses how performance-based budgeting applies to private sector budgeting practices in public sector setting and addresses pros and cons of methodology and impact on public programs and their stakeholders, but response is cursory or inaccurate Describes emerging budget strategies being utilized by public agencies to address the difficult fiscal environment facing local governments, but with gaps in clarity or detail Assesses the effectiveness of social media on governmental operations at federal, state, or local governmental level, but assessment is cursory or inaccurate Assesses how various other media types can enhance public outreach and impact a citizen’s sense of community, but assessment is cursory or inaccurate Explains how proliferation of information outlets has impacted communication strategies utilized by government officials, but with gaps in clarity or detail Submission has major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that negatively impact readability and articulation of main ideas Does not assess principle of zero-based budgeting for how it has impacted federal programs and their stakeholders, or response lacks focus on selected challenge 5.1 Does not assess how performance-based budgeting applies to private sector budgeting practices in public sector setting, or response lacks focus on selected challenge 5.1 Does not describe emerging budget strategies being utilized by public agencies to address the difficult fiscal environment facing local governments, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not assess the effectiveness of social media on governmental operations at federal, state, or local governmental level, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not assess how various other media types can enhance public outreach and impact a citizen’s sense of community, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Does not explain how proliferation of information outlets has impacted communication strategies utilized by government officials, or response lacks focus on selected challenge Submission has critical errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that prevent understanding of ideas 5.1 Total 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.1 100%
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