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999999 Frosted Ends 30 deg Droplet of Blood Feather Edge Pattern of Scan Thick Area Point of Application Hematology Laboratory: 1) Proper Preparation of a Peripheral Blood Smear 2) Slide Staining with Wright's Stain Proper Preparation of a Peripheral Blood Smear Objectives At the completion of this laboratory, the student will be able to: 1. State the appropriate sample used for preparing a peripheral blood smear. 2. Describe the appearance of a well prepared blood smear. 3. Demonstrate the appropriate technique for preparing a peripheral blood smear. 4. Evaluate prepared blood smears for acceptability in the clinical laboratory Slide Staining with Wright's Stain Objectives At the completion of this laboratory, the student will be able to: 1. State the principle of the stain in terms of constituents and component affinity in the cell. 2. Discuss the importance of controlling the pH in terms of problems encountered if the pH is altered. 3. Demonstrate the appropriate technique for staining a blood smear with Wight's stain. 4. Evaluate incorrectly stained smears and offer techniques for correcting the problem(s). Proper Preparation of a Peripheral Blood Smear Requirements for Proper Smear Preparation: 1) Perfectly clean glass slides or coverslips 2) Proper size blood drop 3) Quick, smooth spreading of drop 4) Rapid drying of smear 5) Proper placement of drop 6) Preparation of smear within 3 hours of collection Procedure: Requirements for Proper Smear Preparation: 1) Perfectly clean glass slides or coverslips 2) Proper size blood drop 3) Quick, smooth spreading of drop 4) Rapid drying of smear 5) Proper placement of drop 6) Preparation of smear within 3 hours of collection Procedure: 1) 2) 3. 4. Mix sample well, either by inversion or by mechanical rocker. Remove stopper holding tube away from face. Using two wooden applicator sticks rim the tube and check for fibrin clots. Holding a 1 X 3 inch slide in your left hand by the short side, place a 2-3 mm drop of mixed whole blood about 1/4 inch from the right side of the slide, utilizing the wooden applicator sticks held in the right hand. Alternate Method: Leave slide on a flat surface. Place the slide containing the drop of blood on a flat surface and hold securely. Grasp a second slide (spreader slide) in the right hand between thumb and forefinger. Place the spreader slide onto the lower slide in front of the blood drop, and pull the slide back until it touches the drop. Allow the blood to spread by capillary action almost to the edges of the lower slide. Push the spreader slide forward at approximately a 30 degree angle, using a rapid, even motion. The weight of the spreader slide should be the only weight applied. Do NOT press down. Perform this step quickly. The drop of blood must be spread within seconds or the cell distribution will be 5. 6. 7. Characteristics of a Good Smear 1) Thick at one end, thinning out to a smooth rounded feather edge. 2) Should occupy 2/3 of the total slide area. 3) Should not touch any edge of the slide. 4) Should be margin free, except for point of application. Adjustment of the Smear Length Increasing the angle of the spreader slide will decrease the length of the smear. Decreasing the angle will increase the smear length. A B D Well-made PB smear H E F A to H: Unacceptable peripheral blood films. Slide appearances associated with the most common errors. A Chipped or rough edge on spreader slide. B Hesitation in forward motion of spreader slide. C Spreader slide pushed too quickly. D Drop of blood too small. E Drop of blood not allowed to spread across the width of the slide. F Dirt or grease on the slide; may also be PB specimen elevated lipids. G Uneven pressure on the spreader slide. H Time delay; drop of blood began to dry prior to spread. Slide Staining with Wright's Stain Summary: Wright's stain is a Romanowsky type metachromatic stain made by mixing old or specially treated methylene blue dye with eosin in a methanol diluent. Basic components of the cell, such as hemoglobin or certain inclusions or granules, will unite with the acidic portion of the stain, eosin, and are said to be eosinophilic. These components are stained varying shades of pink or red. Acidic cell components, such as nucleic acids, reactive cytoplasm, etc. take up the basic dye components, methylene azure, and stain blue or purple. pH must be carefully controlled through the use of a buffer of 6.4-6.7. If the pH is too acidic the stain will take on a pinkish tint, and nuclear structures will be poorly stained. A basic pH will cause all intracellular structures, nuclei, etc. to be blue-black in color, with poorly defined structure. Procedure: 1) METHOD 1: Immersion Staining Protocol a) Thoroughly dry blood or bone marrow smear b) Fix smears in absolute methanol for 15 seconds to 5 minutes c) Dip slide in the stain for 10 – 60 seconds. Note: To prevent debris or precipitate on slide, do not add new stain to old. d) Remove slide and allow excess stain to drain from the edge of the slide e) Dip slide in deionized or distilled water for 10 – 30 seconds. Note: Change the water when it becomes dark blue or when film forms on the surface. f) Drain excess water and wipe the back of the slide to reduce background color g) Air dry smears. h) Examine smears under a microscope 2) METHOD 2: Rack a) Prepare a solution of 20 ml Giemsa stain + 240 ml deionized H,0. This must be made fresh daily. b) Using a Beral pipette, overlay a properly prepared blood smear slide with enough Wright's stain to completely cover the slide with a layer of stain approximately 1/8" thick. The stain will be held to the slide by surface tension, and should not run off. Assure that the slide is level and does not touch the side of the staining rack. c) After 2 minutes, cover the slide with an equal amount of the Giemsa solution prepared in step 1 above. Blow gently to mix and watch for metallic sheen to appear. Allow to stand for 4 minutes. d) After 4 minutes, wash the slide for 30 seconds with distilled water. e) Allow slide to dry at room temperature before examination. 1 Too Acid Stain (too pink): 1) insufficient staining time 2) prolonged buffering or washing 3) old stain Correction: 1) lengthen staining time 2) check stain and buffer pH 3) shorten buffering or wash time Too Alkaline Stain (too purple): 1) thick blood smear 2) prolonged staining 3) insufficient washing 4) alkaline pH of stain components Correction: 1) check pH 2) shorten stain time 3) prolong buffering time
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Running head: HEMATOLOGY LABORATORY

Hematology Laboratory
Name of the student
Institution
Name of the professor
Date of submission

1

HEMATOLOGY LABORATORY

2

Objective
Proper preparation of a peripheral blood smear
1. Outline the right sample used for preparing a peripheral blood smear.
2. Describe how a well prepared peripheral blood smear looks like.
3. Illustrate the right technique for preparing a peripheral blood smear.
4. Examine prepared blood smears for clinical laboratory acceptability purposes.
Slide staining with wright’s stain
1. Identify the principle of the stain in relation to component affinity and constituents in the
cell.
2. Explain the benefits of controlling the pH in relation to problems faced if the pH is changed.
3. Designate the right method for staining a blood smear using the wright’s stain.
4. Examine the smears that are not correctly stained and provide the possible techniques for
cor...


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