The essay topic question is: Is Google’s monopolization of search the same potential threat to social welfare as Microsoft’s monopoly of PC operating systems?

# For insurance companies to remain profitable they need to collect more in yearly premiums than they# spend on the medical care of their beneficiaries.## Appropriate medical expenses are difficult to estimate because the mostly costly conditions are rare# and seemingly random. Still, some conditions are more prevalent for certain segments of the population.# For instance, lung cancer is more likely among smokers; heart-disease is more likely among the obese.## Use patient data named insurance to estimate the average medical care expense for such # population segments. The name of the data is "insurance" and it contains data on 1338 beneficiares currently# enrolled in the insturance plan.# It contains information on total medical expenses charged to the plan (charges).############################################################################### Write the codes and run them to get the correct answers# You will NOT need to imput the answers into Canvas,# **Therefore make sure you include detailed answers in the R script as a comment**# A couple questions only require the code, they are labeled as such# However, any required answers that are missing or lack detail will result in a loss of points# Any code that is missing will also result in a loss of points##############################################################################RUN ALL CODES INCLUDED, they will reset your environment.remove(list = ls())options(digits = 3, scipen = 9999)install.packages("openintro")library(openintro)# READ, VIEW, & ATTACH DATA BELOW:insurance = read.csv("https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vTN2h0cH_ROVaxcBrnYurp5D5hvh_Bt7TxCLiAyHKZ-8bKfkYEWZblDjrb1LtR1tBLl3_ij7b0Igrtk/pub?gid=1261987830&single=true&output=csv", stringsAsFactors = T, header=TRUE)View(insurance)attach(insurance)# 1. Get the names of the variables. (only the code is required)# 2. Examine correlation among the explanatory variables - age, bmi, children - and charges, using cor() # What two variables have the strongest relationship?# 3. Using age, children, bmi, and sex, estimate a linear regression model for charges. Name it model1. # (only the code is required, questions are below)# 4. How much are additional (average) charges for each year that age increases? # 5. How much are additional charges for each additional child?# 6. How much are additional charges for male than female ?# 7. What does the *** and * mean in the summary near the p-value? # 8. Is the adjusted R2 strong in this model? What does the adjusted R2 tell you?# 9. Predict charges for the individuals where age is 30, sex is male, bmi is 33.77, children is 0. What are the charges based on these parameters?# 10. find the mean of residuals of the model. Is it zero, why do we want mean errors to equal zero?### T- Test Hyopothesis Test & Confidence Interval #### 11. An insurance company analyst believe that health insurance charges is $13,000 in the US, on average. # Based on the sample data you are given, test this hypothesis. Be clear on your calculations.# a. Write your hypothesis.# Ho: # Ha: # b. what is the p-value?# c. Conclude on the null hypothesis? Do you reject or fail to reject the null?# 12. Referring to the t.test code used above, what is the confidence interval at a 95% confidence level?# What is the range of insurance charges and what does this mean?### Mean Difference HT #### 13.The data has smoker variable. Test if insurance charges the same amount to smokers and non-smokers.# a. Write your hypothesis.# Ho: # Ha: # c. what is the p-value?# d. Conclude on the null hypothesis? Do you reject or fail to reject the null?## CHI SQUARE TEST OF INDEPENDENCE #### 14. The data has region and being a smoker. Test if smoking and region are independent from each other.# a. Write your hypothesis# Ho:# Ha: # b. What is the p-value?# c. Conclude on the null hypothesis at 5 % signifiance level.### ANOVA TEST OF MULTIPLE MEANS #### 15. The data has region variable. Test if insurance charges the same amount to all 3 regions.# a. Write your hypothesis.555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555554# b. what is the p-value?A0# c. Conclude on the null hypothesis? Do you reject or fail to reject the null?

1, An email address contains the @ character. Write a program that takes asks for an email address input from the user and determines whether it is a valid address or not. This is based on the presence of the @ character and no spaces in the string. You do not need to worry about any other characters in the input word. Output the result "The word IS an email address" or "The word IS NOT an email address"Example - Input: testuser@mydomain.comOutput: The word IS an email addressInput: my123userOutput: The word IS NOT an email addressYour code should include comments to describe the program logic and use proper indentation for readability.Be sure to properly test your code before submitting.Upload your zipped assignment folder, which contains the java and class files. You should follow the assignment naming conventions listed in "How to Do A Programming Activity" under "Course Setup and Instructions".2, Complete Chapter 5, Section 5.12 "Programming Activity 2: Using the switch Statement".Be sure to properly test your code before submission.Upload your zipped assignment folder, which contains the java and class files. You should follow the assignment naming conventions listed in "How to Do A Programming Activity" under "Course Setup and Instructions".