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First: Identify and discuss the thesis of your selected prompt and make a reasoned
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Second: With respect to the issues raised by your prompt, how do you think you
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MGMT 4106: BUSINESS IN ITS SOCIAL SETTING (CÁRDENAS) Final Exam - Fall 2018 Our Final Exam consists of one essay written as a thoughtful response to one of the six prompts provided below. Your essay should draw from the materials provided on our class Canvass page (i.e., power points, videos, linked content), our lectures and any other citable source. Your essay should be no less than four (4) double-spaced pages. Please use the Modern Language Association (MLA) format. The essay is due to me via Turnitin by 10:00 p.m. Tuesday, December 11, 2018. Read and reflect carefully on the statements put forward in your chosen prompt. Each makes profound assertions about the current and evolving state of society and the role of business, capitalism, and Western economic, religious and philosophical thought. Your essay with respect to your chosen prompt is your response to these questions: First: Identify and discuss the thesis of your selected prompt and make a reasoned argument for your agreement or disagreement with the thesis of your prompt. Second: With respect to the issues raised by your prompt, how do you think you will use this information in your life? Your essay will be assessed based on your demonstrated understanding of the selected content and your demonstrated analysis of its implications for your future. Essay Prompt #1 (From the Washington Post article Is the American Dream Killing Us?) “The proper question may be: Is the American Dream killing us? American culture emphasizes striving for and achieving economic success. In practice, realizing the American Dream is the standard of success, vague though it is. It surely includes homeownership, modest financial and job security, and a bright outlook for our children. When striving accomplishes these goals, it strengthens a sense of accomplishment and self-worth. But when the striving falters and fails — when the American Dream becomes unattainable — it’s a judgment on our lives. By our late 40s or 50s, the reckoning is on us. It’s harder to do then what we might have done earlier. We become hostage to unrealized hopes. More Americans are now in this precarious position. Our obsession with the American Dream measures our ambition — and anger.” Essay Prompt #2 (From the Washington Post article Coming Technology Will Likely Destroy Millions of Jobs) “American manufacturing job losses to China and Mexico were a major theme of the presidential campaign, and President Trump has followed up on his promise to pressure manufacturers to keep jobs here rather than send them abroad. Already, he has jawboned automakers Ford, General Motors, Toyota and Fiat Chrysler and heating and cooling manufacturer Carrier into keeping and creating jobs in the United States. What he hasn't yet addressed — but should — is the looming technology tsunami that will hit the U.S. job market over the next five to 15 years and likely destroy tens of millions of jobs due to automation by artificial intelligence, 3D manufacturing, advanced robotics and driverless vehicles — among other emerging technologies. The best research to date indicates that 47 percent of all U.S. jobs are likely to be replaced by technology over the next 10 to 15 years, more than 80 million in all, according to the Bank of England. Think back to the human misery in this country during the financial recession when unemployment hit 10 percent. Triple that. Or even quintuple it. We as a society and as individuals are not ready for anything like that. This upheaval has the potential of being as disruptive for us now as the Industrial Revolution was for our ancestors. Techno-optimists tell us to relax — don’t worry, technology will produce lots of new jobs just like it did during the Industrial Revolution. History will repeat itself, they say. Well, not so fast. First, human disruption caused by the Industrial Revolution in Britain lasted 60 to 90 years, depending on the historical research. That is a long time for society to “right” itself, and lot of personal pain. Second, this time will be different because there will be new questions: Will technology produce lots of new jobs that advancing technology itself can’t do? And will displaced workers be able to keep up with the pace of advancing technologies? These issues should be front and center on the president’s agenda. Planning for how our country will adapt to the coming technology tsunami must start now. We are talking about a major societal challenge — preservation of the American Dream — as well as the future of work in the United States and the world.” Essay Prompt #3 (From Pope Francis’ Encyclical Laudato Si, On Care for Our Common Home, paragraph 67 (also in The Anthropocene and Climate Change powerpoint) “We are not God. The earth was here before us and it has been given to us. This allows us to respond to the charge that Judaeo-Christian thinking, on the basis of the Genesis account which grants man “dominion” over the earth (cf. Gen 1:28), has encouraged the unbridled exploitation of nature by painting him as domineering and destructive by nature. This is not a correct interpretation of the Bible as understood by the Church. Although it is true that we Christians have at times incorrectly interpreted the Scriptures, nowadays we must forcefully reject the notion that our being created in God’s image and given dominion over the earth justifies absolute domination over other creatures. The biblical texts are to be read in their context, with an appropriate hermeneutic, recognizing that they tell us to “till and keep” the garden of the world (cf. Gen 2:15). “Tilling” refers to cultivating, ploughing or working, while “keeping” means caring, protecting, overseeing and preserving. This implies a relationship of mutual responsibility between human beings and nature. Each community can take from the bounty of the earth whatever it needs for subsistence, but it also has the duty to protect the earth and to ensure its fruitfulness for coming generations. “The earth is the Lord’s” (Ps 24:1); to him belongs “the earth with all that is within it” (Dt 10:14). Thus God rejects every claim to absolute ownership: “The land shall not be sold in perpetuity, for the land is mine; for you are strangers and sojourners with me” (Lev 25:23).” Essay Prompt #4 (From The Anthropocene and Climate Change powerpoint). “Be fruitful and multiply, and replenish the earth and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish and the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.” (Genesis 1:28) “This modern, instrumental view of matter as primarily for human use arises in part from a dualistic Western philosophical view of mind and matter. Adapted into Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religious perspectives, this dualism associates mind with the soul as a transcendent spiritual entity given sovereignty and dominion over matter. Mind is often valued primarily for its rationality in contrast to a lifeless world. At the same time we ensure our radical discontinuity from it. Interestingly, views of the uniqueness of the human bring many traditional religious perspectives into sync with modern instrumental rationalism. In Western religious traditions, for example, the human is seen as an exclusively gifted creature with a transcendent soul that manifests the divine image and likeness. Consequently, this soul should be liberated from the material world. In many contemporary reductionist perspectives (philosophical and scientific) the human with rational mind and technical prowess stands as the pinnacle of evolution. Ironically, religions emphasizing the uniqueness of the human as the image of God meet marketdriven applied science and technology precisely at this point of the special nature of the human to justify exploitation of the natural world. Anthropocentrism in various forms, religious, philosophical, scientific, and economic, has led, perhaps inadvertently, to the dominance of humans in this modern period, now called the Anthropocene.” (Introduction to the Routledge Handbook on Religion and Ecology (October 2016) by Mary Evelyn Tucker and John Grim). Essay Prompt #5 (From Ted Hanauer’s TED Talk “Beware Fellow Plutocrats, the Pitchforks are Coming”) “Capitalism is the greatest social technology ever invented for creating prosperity in human societies, if it is well managed, but capitalism, because of the fundamental multiplicative dynamics of complex systems, tends towards, inexorably, inequality, concentration and collapse. The work of democracies is to maximize the inclusion of the many in order to create prosperity, not to enable the few to accumulate money. Government does create prosperity and growth, by creating the conditions that allow both entrepreneurs and their customers to thrive. Balancing the power of capitalists like me and workers isn't bad for capitalism. It's essential to it. Programs like a reasonable minimum wage, affordable healthcare, paid sick leave, and the progressive taxation necessary to pay for the important infrastructure necessary for the middle class like education, R and D, these are indispensable tools shrewd capitalists should embrace to drive growth, because no one benefits from it like us.” …. “Many economists would have you believe that their field is an objective science. I disagree, and I think that it is equally a tool that humans use to enforce and encode our social and moral preferences and prejudices about status and power, which is why plutocrats like me have always needed to find persuasive stories to tell everyone else about why our relative positions are morally righteous and good for everyone: like, we are indispensable, the job creators, and you are not; like, tax cuts for us create growth, but investments in you will balloon our debt and bankrupt our great country; that we matter; that you don't. For thousands of years, these stories were called divine right. Today, we have trickle-down economics. How obviously, transparently self-serving all of this is. We plutocrats need to see that the United States of America made us, not the other way around; that a thriving middle class is the source of prosperity in capitalist economies, not a consequence of it. And we should never forget that even the best of us in the worst of circumstances are barefoot by the side of a dirt road selling fruit.” Essay Prompt #6 (based on “The True Cost” documentary The garment industry is the second-most polluting in the world. A significant amount of this pollution is from “fast fashion” “disposable” clothing; a business model that relies on people, including children, making clothes under conditions that we would consider intolerable. As we have seen this semester, our buying and consumption is largely driven by psychological impulses of which we may not be fully conscious. Indeed, as experts posit in the film, consuming more can have a negative effect on our psyche. Why do we tolerate such a system? Describer whether a “Fair Trade” model could represent a more sustainable and ethical alternative to the existing garment-consumption model.
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Plutocracy and Capitalism
In the history of human societies, several social technologies have been created and
developed for the advancement of societal wellbeing. In line with these, several managerial
systems have been created as well in an attempt to promote the course. According to research
studies, capitalism when well managed has been found to be one of the most effective social
technologies that help in creating prosperity (Littler and Jo, 52). Capitalism as a function of
democracy fundamentally promotes the maximization of inclusion in the creation of prosperity
by preventing the accumulation of wealth by the few. Research studies have further shown that
through capitalism, government is capable of creating growth and prosperity through the creation
favorable conditions enabling the growth of enterprises. It fosters the development of an
inclusive and balanced condition with regard to affordable healthcare, minimum wage, paid sick
leave, and necessary progressive taxation for the development of necessary infrastructure
important for the middle class (Littler and Jo, 57). The objective of this study is to provide
analytical view of capitalism and its impacts on the development and growth of social
technologies in human societies.
In line with several academic research analysis and findings, some authors have
frequently argued that capitalism/plutocracy is much better than democracy. As it has emerged

Surname 2
throughout the history of many nations, over time people have often assumed to be under the rule
of democracy by conducting elections and electing their leaders (Littler and Jo, 62). In reality,
what has been practiced over the years should essentially be referred to as plutocracy. By
definition, plutocracy represents a society that is being governed people who are rich. Most often
these people always present themselves in our societies as capitalists. They participate in our
political systems through various means which includes funding of the political parties and the
candidates’ that vie for various offices. In return, they are compensated through various business
tenders and deals that are offered by the elected governments and in most cases they influence
the kind of policies that are passed and implemented by supporting and pushing only those
policies are aligned to their agenda (Littler and Jo, 67).
In many circumstances, plutocracy concept is often advocated for by the rich classes
within the society in a secret manner (Littler and Jo, 69). They ensure the progress of their
desires through their increased economic control and participation across many sectors.
Plutocrats like capitalist often control the operations of managerial system through their indirect
involvement on the operations of the government or a society. They are often center staged at the
heart of many economic activities and have the power to influence the operations of a
government or an organization. Despite the traditional condemnation of plutocracy by popular
political leaders as a means of increasing poverty and promoting class conflict by neglecting its
key social responsibilities, it can be said that plutocracy has evolved into modern capitalism. In
many political systems around the globe like the city of London, a unique system of electoral has
been established for the local administration (Littler and Jo, 72). The key reason for such
arrangements is based on the argument that most services provided in the city corporation are for
the use by the businesses within the city.

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According to Littler and Jo, (72) research studies have established that the initial periods
of the United States leadership was basically plutocratic particularly some ...


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