Future of Logistics

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Read the article and write a shot summary about future of logistics in Poland.

Ryzhkova, H., Pawłyszyn, I., & Rizun, N. (2016). The future of logistical education in poland and ukraine: Comparative analysis of students' opinions. LogForum, 12(4) doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.lib.uwf.edu/10.17270/J.L...

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LogForum 2016, 12 (4), 285-300 > Scientific Journal of Logistics < http://www.logforum.net DOI: 10.17270/J.LOG.2016.4.8 p-ISSN 1895-2038 e-ISSN 1734-459X THE FUTURE OF LOGISTICAL EDUCATION IN POLAND AND UKRAINE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' OPINIONS Halina Ryzhkova1, Irena Pawłyszyn2, Nina Rizun3 1) Alfred Nobel University, Dnipro, Ukraine, 2) Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland, 3) Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland ABSTRACT. Background: A professional future is the next logical step after a student completes their chosen degree course. More frequently, even during their studies, young people seek opportunities to participate in various conferences, training courses, internships, work placements, and to travel abroad, etc. All of this has one main goal - to increase the student's attractiveness as a potential employee on the labour market. Thus, it becomes very important to ask relevant and timely questions to students about the knowledge they gain during their studies, the skills they possess and how they perceive their future work. Methods: This paper presents the views of students of logistics and related disciplines regarding their future careers. The aim of this study was to investigate the expectations, skills and visions of the future of the young generation who stand at the threshold of their careers, in two countries - Poland and Ukraine. The test method used for collecting opinions was a questionnaire. Results: This paper recognises key elements of young people's perception of the labour market. They present a brief theoretical discussion on the issue in question. The authors present the results of the comparison of attitudes of students from two universities in Poland and in Ukraine, in four areas: Participant's Profiles; Professional Attractiveness; Obtained Knowledge and Skills; Employment. Conclusions: Contemporary logistics requires professionals of the highest calibre, which is confirmed by many respected authorities. The research results show a preview of the preferences of students of logistics and related disciplines in terms of future work, and give information about the knowledge they gained during their studies. Comparison of the two groups of participants from different countries gives the opportunity to observe the aspirations and visions of each , as well as propose recommendations aimed at signalling the possibility of improving the situation of graduates in relation to their future employment. Key words: students' professional future, logistics, labour market, employment, job. INTRODUCTION The dynamically changing situation of the modern economy constantly presents new challenges to young people preparing for their future. The modern era is referred to as an era of rapid change, part of which is unfavourable for individuals, because changes in the nature of employment have led to instability and a reduced sense of security, or require more dynamism than the average person possesses [Bauman 2013]. Many young people are trying their hand at various activities even while at university, in order to test the waters in different areas, and therefore learn to adapt to different social roles. They must then adjust their goals and actions to specific life situations, learn to overcome difficulties and solve the range of problems that they encounter. For this reason, the problem of defining plans and life goals related to future professional work is unusually important. Copyright: Wyższa Szkoła Logistyki, Poznań, Polska Citation: Ryzhkova H., Pawłyszyn I., Rizun N., 2016, The future of the logistician education in Poland and Ukraine: comparative analysis of the student’s opinion. LogForum 12 (4), 285-300, DOI: 10.17270/J.LOG.2016.4.8 URL: http://www.logforum.net/vol12/issue4/no8 Accepted: 04.11.2016, on-line: 11.11.2016. Ryzhkova H., Pawłyszyn I., Rizun N., 2016, The future of the logistician education in Poland and Ukraine: comparative analysis of the student’s opinion. LogForum 12 (4), 285-300. DOI: 10.17270/J.LOG.2016.4.8 URL: http://www.logforum.net/vol12/issue4/no8 Higher education is seen as admission to a better world of work and treated as an investment, ensuring financial success and protection against unemployment. The demands of the labour market for people with higher education is indisputable, to which a CEDEFOP report testifies [Future skills ..., 2012]. It predicts an increase in the level of competition in areas that require knowledge and skills – from 29% in 2010 to 35% in 2020. At the same time it indicates that the majority of jobs available will be for skilled workers. The recommendations put forward in the CEDEFOP report concern investment in highly productive and skilled workers, as well as support counselling for the appropriate targeting of decision-makers in relation to their future education and training. areas is logistics. According to the Bureau of Labour Statistics (BLS), the number of jobs in the sphere of logistics is expected to increase by 22% by 2022 [7 things ..., 2015]. In the economy and business, modern logistics plays, and will continue to play, a significant role. This is an industry that, in a globalised world, is increasingly gaining in importance [Long 2003, Крикавський, Чухрай 2001, Сергеев 2001, Ciesielski, 2001, Gołembska 2005, Kozlowski 2009]. Due to its specificity, it is still evolving to meet the needs of modern business and adapt to dynamic changes in the economic environment, hence the increasing demand for specialists in logistics from year to year [Kurasiński 2014,]. Additionally, more and more companies are becoming more aware of the strategic importance of logistics, primarily due to the significant potential savings [Васильців, 2010]. As a result, the top places on their list of priorities are taken by the necessity of find young people with great potential for the future, who have not only adequate expertise but also leadership abilities, which in the future will allow them to take up leading positions in the organisation. However, acquiring a university degree is no guarantee of employment. Research carried out by SW Research Agency Market Research and Opinion shows that almost half of future graduates fear not being able to find a job after graduation (49%), and are afraid that they will not meet the expectations of future employers (41%) [Młodzi na rynku pracy, 2016]. Student attitudes such as these are a cause for reflection about the quality of higher education. We can reference a number of papers published in recent years which deal with various aspects of research plans and priorities in students’ lives [Pawłyszyn et al., 2016]. Among their priorities is research into identifying the dynamics of professional selfdetermination for students [Дідковськa 2001]. Similarly, Moskalenko undertook research on the professional development of young people, as well on the formation of their professional awareness [Москаленко, 2004]. Titarenko proves that ambition has a decisive impact on success and life satisfaction [Титаренко, 2004]. Oczachowski’s research is focused on the expectations of students in Koszalin about the future labour market [Oczachowska, 2013]. Also, studies were carried out on the plans for professional activity of Silesian students [Zak work ..., 2013] or students from Warmia and Mazury [Bačík et al., 2010]. These studies mainly concern selected universities in Poland. It was therefore decided to conduct an in-depth study, aimed at understanding the vision and perception of the future by students of universities that offer Logistics or related disciplines as a full degree subject, University authorities in Europe and around the world have long understood the need to properly prepare students for the labour market, not only by providing the highest quality of knowledge and skills related to the field of study, but also by educating them in universal competences and providing technical assistance and access to information about the reality of the economy and labour market to help students start proactively planning their career [Domańska, 2013]. Preparing young people for a future profession is a serious challenge for the Polish education and training system. This issue is part of the ongoing debate about the extent to which university education programmes should pragmatically meet the current needs of the labour market, as opposed to focusing on a traditional academic education. [Pierwsze kroki na rynku pracy, 2015].Young people, concerned about their future careers, tend to follow the trends of market economy, use changes, and freely choose a course of study that will provide them with a safe start to their careers. One of these 286 Ryzhkova H., Pawłyszyn I., Rizun N., 2016, The future of the logistician education in Poland and Ukraine: comparative analysis of the student’s opinion. LogForum 12 (4), 285-300. DOI: 10.17270/J.LOG.2016.4.8 URL: http://www.logforum.net/vol12/issue4/no8 and to expand them geographically, covering two countries – Poland and Ukraine. questionnaire. Participation by students was voluntary and anonymous. Students were selected purposefully; the required condition of participation was students’ agreement to participate in scientific research. Agreement to participate was given by returning a completed copy of the questionnaire. Thus, the objective of this research is the elimination of the information gap in the sphere of analysis of the condition of modern logistical education, as well as a comparison of the quality of educational services offered with the expectations and experiences of students as future participants in the European labour market. The survey contained 23 questions and was divided into 4 parts: Participant’s Profile; Professional attractiveness; Obtained knowledge and skills; Employment. The questionnaire consisted of closed questions and single- and multiple-choice questions, as well as questions with 7-level scale weights, where 1 means "strongly disagree / least attractive" and 7 means "strongly agree / the most attractive". The questionnaires were handed out to students in person. In order to achieve this purpose, the following tasks needed to be carried out: − development of a questionnaire, which allows the above-mentioned questions to be evaluated by students of Logistics. In the development process, it is necessary to consider the specificity of the modern economic situation and the state of education in the two European countries in question – Poland and Ukraine; − conduction of a survey among students at the Polish and Ukrainian universities and statistical processing of the results; − conduction of a comparative analysis of the obtained results and definition of the main differences/similarities of opinions of students from the two countries; − formulation of conclusions and recommendations, based on the results of the conducted analysis. The results were both qualitative and quantitative and were analysed statistically. The results include only those participants who gave answers to all questions in the questionnaire. Statistical research was conducted with the help of Pearson’s test of independence. The following statistical rules were applied: р>0,05 – no statistical significance, р0.05) found between the attractiveness ratings for Polish and Ukrainian students (Job-sharing - the employment of two or more people for the work provided by the employer for one employee. Employees divide among themselves the remuneration and responsibilities of the job; usually this division is equivalent to the time worked. [Sobolewski 2011]. Professional Attractiveness In the second part of the survey, students were asked what they think about the attractiveness of their future profession. Most Ukrainian students gave a positive answer (68%) to the question about whether or not they have made a decision about their future profession. As for the Polish students, a half of them (50% of participants) have already decided, and the other half have not yet made a decision about their professional future. The results of comparing the attractiveness of a future profession turned out to be interesting. In this case, students could evaluate the attractiveness of selected activities on a scale from 1 to 7. As a result, it was observed that in both selections (Ukrainian and Polish students) there is the same tendency to view certain forms of employment as the most attractive. (Fig. 2). Namely, students identified their own Fig. 2. The attractiveness of future professions Rys. 2. Atrakcyjność przyszłych rodzajów działalności The fact that students have chosen their own business as the most attractive activity is in some respects obvious. Owning one's own business is allows greater freedom in decisionmaking, a way to implement personal ideas and know-how, etc. But, on the other hand, also implicit is a large range of obligations and responsibilities, which is often forgotten. It should also be noted that a large number of participants would be interested in flexible working hours, which would allow a relatively high degree of freedom to plan their job and, usually, to conduct their own business as well. Another question, also scored on a scale of 1-7, was to investigate the level of awareness of students about choosing their future profession. The average rating (6.0) showed that most students chose their university consciously and independently, and fewer 289 Ryzhkova H., Pawłyszyn I., Rizun N., 2016, The future of the logistician education in Poland and Ukraine: comparative analysis of the student’s opinion. LogForum 12 (4), 285-300. DOI: 10.17270/J.LOG.2016.4.8 URL: http://www.logforum.net/vol12/issue4/no8 were influenced by their parents, friends or relatives (average: 2.63). Students do not agree with the statement that their choice was strictly connected with the necessity to continue the family business (average; 1.39), as well as rejecting the statement that knowledge and skills are not important, and the most important thing is to obtain a diploma (average: 2.13). importance. Perhaps it is explained by the fact that, for Ukrainian students, prestige of the work is associated primarily with a high salary and the possibility of professional growth. Polish students, in turn, evaluate the following aspects as important: the possibility to travel and recommendations of family and friends (however, this is given the lowest position in their rating). Then the participants were asked to identify the factors which guided their choice of future profession, and therefore their choice of degree (Fig. 3). Let's examine the three most frequently chosen aspects. The level of salary in many cases is the most important aspect when choosing a profession; this choice by students from both countries was not a surprise. However, apart from good wages, the students also want to apply practical skills – in other words, to realise themselves in the professional area - which is extremely important and prestigious (Ukrainian students put this aspect in 2nd place, and Polish students in 3rd place in the rating of attractiveness). At the same time, Ukrainian students value highly the recommendations of family and friends. For Polish students, the type of work is among the top three aspects. The type of work associated with management is not only interesting, but also ambitious and we will further mention some challenges that must be met. On the other hand, this type of job allows a certain freedom of action and decision-making, which adds additional attractiveness. Thus, the results of the analysis, conducted on two groups of participants (Ukrainian and Polish) about the awareness of students when choosing their future profession differ from each other at the level of statistical significance (р
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