ENVST 100 Environmental Systems Science Fall 2018 Assignment 9 100 points Due at the start of recitation 12/3/2018, at the attention to your Recitation Leader. 1 In this assignment, you will 1) review Chapters 17 and 19, and 2) practice formulating displaying data on air quality Part 1: Topical Review Questions 1.1) What is the role of ozone in the stratosphere? Describe it’s stratospheric cycle. How does it differ in impact from tropospheric ozone? 15 pts 1.2) Explain how the stability of the CFC molecule reduces stratospheric ozone. 15 pts 1.3) Explain the role of scientific understanding and technology in efforts to craft policy that reduced the production of CFCs. 15 pts 1.4) Explain how the difference between the observed lapse rate and the adiabatic lapse rate causes air parcels to move toward or away from their original location. 15 pts Part 2: Data Analysis: Displaying data on air quality Background: Displaying data is an essential skill in environmental research. Creating graphs and tables of data helps researchers interpret their results. Graphs and tables are also an integral part of communicating science with your peers and the public at large. How you display your data depends on the data type and objectives of your research. In scientific literature a good graph or table can communicate your research to a reader without them needing to read the rest of the paper. In order to achieve this it is necessary to have: • • • • • Labeled axes (including units) A good title A legend (if appropriate) A caption that provides enough additional details (e.g. sample size, statistics, etc.) to allow the reader to understand and interpret the graph or table For a full list of what to include with your graph, please view "A Brief Checklist of What to Include with Figures and Tables" on NYU Classes Goal: Use data on air quality and population to observe changes experienced in US states over the last several decades since the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act. Instructions: Please type your answers to these questions into the word document, along with your calculations, and submit to your TA by the next recitation. You should make a copy of the spreadsheet and make the appropriate tables and graphs. Remember to use the correct type of graph or table for whichever kind of variables you will display, as well as following the associated guidelines for each. 1) Choose two states in the USA from the ENVST100_HW9_data.xls Excel spreadsheet, and copy data for air quality emissions for those two states to a separate Excel spreadsheet. Using ENVST 100 Environmental Systems Science 2 Fall 2018 Assignment 9 100 points what you have learned about functions in Excel, calculate the total amount of emissions for each state for years you have data (2000-2010). (Full dataset from the EPA can be viewed here, under “State Average Annual Emissions Trend”) https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/air-pollutant-emissions-trends-data 10 pts 2) Calculate emissions per capita for i) TOTAL CO, NOX, PM10, VOC and ii) VEHICULAR CO, NOX, PM10, VOC for each of the years for which you have emissions data. The necessary data for state populations can be found in the following link. Note that these data already correspond to your emissions data by year, but you will need to extract these population data by which states you have chosen: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2000.html (Under “State Intercensal Tables: 2000-2010”) 10 pts 3) Summarize your results in a table, and prepare clear, labeled charts to highlight key trends in your data, and show how emissions have changed over time in your chosen states. Prepare as many charts as you think you need to, but make sure that your tables and charts are organized, clear, and can be understood by your readers. 10 pts 4) In a paragraph, identify any differences you see in the data you’ve analyzed, including differences i) across states, ii) across time, and iii) across pollutant. 10 pts
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