microbiology case study question

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1) A few days after the death of a hospitalized child from an MRSA infection, another child who had been admitted to the hospital with a viral pneumonia, worsened and died. An autopsy revealed that the second child also died from complications of MRSA. By what route was the second child likely infected? What should hospital personnel do to limit the transfer of MRSA and other bacteria among patients? 4 pts 19 br 2) A four year old with a history of cold symptoms for two days visits the doctor. On examination the doctor notices rose petal colored lesions over the child's back. What virus is the child suffering from? Also, what might the child expect to suffer from in the distant future? 4 pts ST 3) Can botulism toxin be used as an antidote for tetanus? Explain. Can tetanus toxin be used as an antidote for botulism? Explain 8 pts 4) A traveler returns from a trip to southeast Asia. About one month later he begins to feel fatigued and nauseous. He also develops a fever, starts to become anorexic, and jaundiced. He tells his doctor where he has been traveling and reveals that he did drink the local water. His doctor rules out enteric pathogens. What is the likely viral cause of his signs and symptoms? 4 pts 5) A 5 year old girl was admitted to the hospital with a temperature of 103F and pain in her right hip. After pus was surgically drained from the hip joint, she was treated with cephalosporin. Her physicians changed the antibiotic regimen after 24 hour cultures of blood and pus revealed the presence of MRSA. On the third day she suffered respiratory failure and empyema (collection of pus in the lungs) and was placed on mechanical ventilation. She died from pulmonary hemorrhage and pneumonia after 5 weeks of hospitalization. The girl had been previously healthy with no recent hospitalizations. She had skinned her knee while learning to ride a bicycle 2 days before admittance to the hospital. How might the girl have been infected? How did her hip joint become infected? What was likely the second antibiotic she received? 12 pts 6) In a single day, two 19 year old women and one 20 year old man sought treatment at a university health clinic, complaining of acute diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. No blood was found in their stools. One of the women was found to have a UTI. All three had eaten lunch at a nearby health food store the previous day. The man had a turkey sandwich with tomato, sprouts, pickles and sunflower seeds. One woman had a pocket sandwich with turkey, sprouts, and mandarin oranges; the other woman had the lunch special , described in the menu as a "delightful garden salad of fresh organic lettuces, sprouts, tomatoes, and cucumbers with zesty raspberry vinaigrette dressing". All had bottled water to drink. Which of the foods is the most likely source of the infections? What media would you use to culture and isolate enteric contaminants in the food? Which enteric bacteria could cause these symptoms? What would be the appearance of this organism on this media? 8 pts 7) Why are children between the ages of 6 months to 2 years particularly susceptible to meningococcal infections? 4 pts 8) Public health scientists discover and become concerned about a new strain of RNA virus among farm animals, especially geese and pigs, in the Midwest. Each virion is composed of lipid, helical proteins, and multiple pieces of RNA. What virus may this be? Why are they concerned about this new strain? 6 pts chegour 9) A cystic fibrosis patient develops a severe respiratory infection that resists treatment with standard antibiotics. A specimen from the lungs is greenish in color and contains aerobic motile Gram-negative bacilli. What is the patient is probably infected with? Would antibiotics help? Why or why not. 4 pts 10) A young man presents at the ER with bloody dirrahea. He states that he had eaten hamburger that had recently been recalled by the FDA for E.coli contamination. Lab tests reveal that he has urea in his blood. In particular, what strain of the bacterium does he probably have? What complications could result from his infection? 6 pts 11) Why are the presence of coliforms in drinking water of concern to health authorities? 6 pts ini Enter 12) A previously healthy young male presented to a local hospital with a decreased level of conciousness. Five days prior, he attended a community fair after which he developed a flu-like illness including fatigue, nausea and vomiting. After three days his parents noticed petechiae on his hands, arms and legs. On the day of his admission, he was found to be delirious and becoming less responsive so he was brought to the ER. All routine vaccinations were up to date. His past medical history was significant only for recreational cannabis use. He frequently attended sleep-overs with friends. In the ER the patient was found to be afebrile but hypotensive and tachycardiac. The patient was started on vancomycin and a CSF sample was obtained with a lumbar puncture. The fluid was turbid and a gram stain revealed polymorphonuclear cells and gram negative diplococci. Unfortunately there was no growth from the CSF or blood cultures to confirm the identity of the microorganism causing his disease. What was the most likely bacterium seen in the CSF gram stain? What diseases can this organism cause? Would you recommend antibiotics? Which ones? 6 pts 13) An elderly man is admitted to the hospital with severe pneumonia, from which he eventually dies. What species is the most likely cause of his infection? What antimicrobial drug is effective against this species? How could the man have been protected from infection? Is the hospital staff at significant risk of infection from the man? Which groups of patients would be at risk if the man had visited their rooms before he died? 10 pts +
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