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The object of this paper is to write a thoughtful paper using only 2 sources: Madeleine Albright’s Fascism: A Warning and Chapter 10 of Edmund Morgan’s George Washington and the Use of Power. In Chapter Nine of Fascism: A Warning, Madeleine Albright quotes Cicero in describing democracy as “a difficult art.” In Chapter One, Albright describes fascism as “a means of seizing and holding power.” She devotes the rest of her book to case studies of leaders who either fully or partially transformed their nations into fascist states: Mussolini in Italy, Hitler in Germany, Chavez in Venezuela, Erdogan in TurIkey, Putin in Russia, Orban in Hungary, Kim in North Korea, and Trump in the United States. In Chapter Ten of his George Washington and the Use of Power, Edmund Morgan provides a counter example: a successful general who championed democracy and declined to seize control for himself. Based on your reading of Albright and Morgan, What is fascism? In what sense can we describe it as a state of government that comes after a democracy has failed? What leader, as described by Albright, most successfully (or most interestingly to you) changed his government (or partially changed his government) from a democracy to a fascist state? Briefly tell the story. Do not discuss Donald Trump in this paragraph. To what degree, according to Albright, is the America of Donald Trump moving in the direction of fascism? How did George Washington, as described by Morgan, work consistently to create democracy in America and to prevent its erosion into a government led by one man? In your own opinion, what must the citizens of a democratic nation do to prevent their government from transitioning into fascism?

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Xijie Lin LIN 1 William Coleman IH2 12/10/2018 Terrible fascist Fascism is a political ideology that emphasizes the state’s control over its subjects through a strict hierarchical and dictatorship. The theory developed in Europe specifically in Italy around the early 20th Century paying reference to national syndicalism. Fascism is a complex strategy that borrows and also opposes the concepts of liberalism, Marxism and some theories of traditional conservatism. The government representative is in control of everything to the extent that it compromises the individual rights in such an oppressive way. Many fascists are motivated by the need to dominate over a particular society and prevent the people from expressing themselves. The traits of political war, violence and imperialism are therefore common aspects of fascist governance which ends up weakening the territory. A conscious society needs democratic leadership to ensure that rights and views of all individuals are put into proper contexts. Democracy allows any competent individual regardless of his/her social status to have the confidence of rising to power and holding a political position. However positive this aspect might seem, it is also a problem as people of flawed traits and personalities also have a high chance of gaining political control. A democratic nation fails when leaders are elected into different positions and then change their intentions towards the country. Most individuals start as trustworthy, hardworking and socially motivated who wants to influence the community positively. It, however, becomes a fascist kind of leadership when they turn to be selfish, greedy, cruel and ambitious power instead of implementing their promises (Cavatorta, LIN 2 2013). The once free and involving nation changes to a strict and controlling kind of setting that places power acquisition in front of other essential aspects like expression. There are many instances in history whereby leaders completely changed their nations from delivering democracy to fascism due to their actions. The most outstanding figure of such a transformation is Hitler, having introduced all the aspects of Fascism to Germany from a functional democratic routine. Earlier on in history, Germany entered World War 1 with the hopes of winning and making their enemies pay. The government led the people into believing that they would win only to have a change of deals from the opponents which created enmity (Albright & Woodward, 2018). The US president at that time, Woodrow Wilson agreed with the Germans for a peaceful negotiation that will invite no violence among the people. However, the US allies, Britain and French changed the agreement and wanted to avenge on the Germans by forcing cruelty on them. These actions of betrayal led to hatred amongst these nations and Hitler came across with the Nazi party later on against the Weimar government. Once a leader of nationalism, anti-Semitism, anticapitalism and socialism, turned to a forceful and brutal to his subjects. Hitler came to power as a socially upright individual who wanted to Restore German’s greatness by denouncing villains and capitalists who controlled the nation. He, however, developed the hunger for political mighty and dominance amongst the Germans by oppressing the people in all sectors of the economy (Cheibub, et al., 2010). Hitler came up with strict rules concerning wealth acquisition, political engagements and outside border interactions. He remains to be one of the most recognized dictators across the world due to the things he made Germans go through during his reign. It was difficult to get rid of his Nazi party as he was making the society much depended on his leadership (Albright & Woodward, 2018). The situation of the people worsened each day with rising unemployment and lower living standards, and yet the citizens still voted for LIN 3 Hitler. Personal expression also became a problem with opposition members facing a tough time which reduced activism at the time of his governance. A democratic nation later changed to be solely characterized by fascist ideologies. America seems to be moving towards the direction of a Fascism society whereby a recurrent of events from the Nazi times is evident in Trumps administration. Different philosophers have varying perspectives on the fascist nature of President Trump all which imply that there are signs of this dangerous political ideology (Albright & Woodward, 2018). Just like other fascists in history, Trump is taking over the government quicker than other presidents of the US and yet there is only little to be done about this situation. Regardless of the constant critics concerning his ‘incompetence,’ people still end up supporting his ideas and hence increasing his dominance in American society. Another sign of fascism in Trump’s administration are the propagated lies that sounds unrealistic but greatly determine his influence in America. Mr. Trump recently said in the global leaders’ assembly that he has achieved the most in the two years he has been in power as compared to any other US president before him. Most voters tend to be drawn close to these statements and increase their support system as some even believe that he has signed the most bills and also building the wall with Mexico. The transformation of American society might be faster than people can imagine if citizens do not consider these signs while preserving their democracy (Albright & Woodward, 2018). According to Morgan (1998), George Washington is generally the second best president in the US after Abraham Lincoln which puts him at the front row of pushing for democracy. Washington was a leader of the people who involved all Americans regardless of their social status and hence uniting them. Among all the leaders of quality that American has had, Washington was LIN 4 one of them in such a way that he did not believe in arrogance as a way of attaining dominance. The author shows Washington’s actions with the farmers who were at that time regarded as laborers and unworthy of the attention. He however considered their situation and implemented laws that would be of interest to their activities. Many people may mistake Washington’s remoteness as a bad trait for the state, but it was for the best as he was not only involved in lawmaking but also followed it to the latter. He was a difficult man to understand as he never showed the kind of traits others leaders would all around the world. Compared to Hitler, George Washington was an influential leader but did not use his power for his personal mighty. During Washington’s presidency, it was easy for people to express themselves and to learn from a socially upright leader made it possible to attain continuous democracy (Morgan 1998). Due to the negative implications that have been connected to fascism in the world’s political history, it is recommended to take all the appropriate strategies for stopping this ideology. Citizens play a significant role in the leadership of the nation, and they can facilitate promoting democracy while doing away with any fascist activities. Americans should support positive movements formed in the society when it comes to fighting poor leadership. These actions always keep the leaders in check and promote awareness to avoid any signs of fascism. Social movements like fighting for the rights of minority groups, workers and businesses should be taken seriously as they are the same ones that will contribute to fascist leaders if not well addressed. Citizens have the democratic power to choose the individuals who will transform the nation to a better position. They should, therefore, be selective when it comes to electing leaders who can represent them by looking at their strategies towards the future. It is therefore important to push for free and fair elections that will reflect the majority choices to avoid the existence of fascist LIN 5 leaders who tend to control the nation. Citizens should also be considerate of the domestic laws and their relationships to the international policies which might influence the country’s political wave. It is important to note the oppressive strategies even if they are directed to other parties as allowing them will give the leaders audacity of enforcing such in their local boundaries. Word Cite Albright, M. K., & Woodward, W. (2018). Fascism: A warning. Harper. LIN 6 Cavatorta, F. (2013). The international dimension of the failed Algerian transition: Democracy betrayed? Cheibub, J. A., Gandhi, J., & Vreeland, J. R. (2010). Democracy and dictatorship revisited. Public choice, 143(1-2), 67-101. Hoppe, H. H. (2018). Democracy–the god that failed: the economics and politics of monarchy, democracy and natural order. Routledge. Morgan, E. S. (1982). The Genius of George Washington. WW Norton & Company. Xijie Lin FASCISM Paper #2 Fall, 2018 The object of this paper is to write a thoughtful essay using only 2 sources: Madeleine Albright's Fascism: A Warning and Chapter 10 of Edmund Morgan's George Washington and the Use of Power. Based on your reading of Albright and Morgan, write a 5-paragraph 1500-word essay regarding the danger that a democratic government can be changed into a fascist state. Organize your essay as follows: 1-What is fascism? In what sense can we describe it as a state of government that comes after a democracy has failed? 2--What leader, as described by Albright, most successfully (or most interestingly to you) changed his government (or partially changed his government) from a democracy to a fascist state? Briefly tell the story. Do not discuss Donald Trump in this paragraph. 3--To what degree, according to Albright, is the America of Donald Trump moving in the direction of fascism? 4--How did George Washington, as described by Morgan, work consistently to create democracy in America and to prevent its erosion into a government led by one man? 5--In your own opinion, what must the citizens of a democratic nation do to prevent 1 2 3 5 4 Intro: what is fascism? One leader who changed his government from democracy to fascism. According to Albright, to what degree is America under Trump moving toward fascism? A counter-example: according to Morgan, how did George Washington work to create democracy and prevent its erosion into tyranny? What must the citizens of a democratic nation do to prevent their government from transitioning into fascism? see Albright, p. 9 I can't tell where you are getting your opinions such as: Democracy allows any com- petent.... where do you get Hitler being a "socially upright individual...?" Please see my handwritten notes on your paper. See me if they don't make sense. 3.5 5 3.5 2.5 3 out of 4 out of 5 out of 5 out of 5 out of 7 Writing-- Followed formatting sheet? GRADE well organized? header not all caps; heading: Xijie, Your rewrite will benefit from specific details in each paragraph with direct minimal sentence-level errors po section; date is not correctly quotes and page numbers. At present, this essay contains too many open-ended verb tense control? formatted; title: all important generalizations which are not supported by specific reference to your 2 authors.. words capitalized; spacing between paras. author is Albright; no page 2.5 0 numbers 20 Late Paper: 19/30 out of 3 out of 3 s Terrible fascist Fascism is a political ideology that emphasizes the state's control over its subjects through a strict hierarchical and dictatorship. The theory developed in Europe specifically in Italy around the early 20th Century paying reference to national syndicalism. Fascism is a complex strategy that borrows and also opposes the concepts of liberalism, Marxism and some theories of traditional conservatism. The government representative is in control of everything to the extent that it compromises the individual rights in such an oppressive way. Many fascists are motivated by the need to dominate over a particular society and prevent the people from expressing themselves. The traits of political war, violence and imperialism are therefore common aspects of fascist governance which ends up weakening the territory. A conscious society needs democratic leadership to ensure that rights and views of all individuals are put into proper contexts. Democracy allows any competent individual regardless of his/her social status to have the confidence of rising to power and holding a political position. However positive this aspect might seem, it is also a problem as people of flawed traits and personalities also have a high chance of gaining political control. A democratic nation fails when leaders are elected into different positions and then change their intentions towards the country. Most individuals start as trustworthy, hardworking and socially motivated who wants to influence the community positively. It, however, becomes a fascist kind of leadership when they turn to be selfish, greedy, cruel and ambitious power instead of implementing their promises LIN 2 (Cavatorta, 2013). The once free and involving nation changes to a strict and controlling kind of setting that places power acquisition in front of other essential aspects like expression. There are many instances in history whereby leaders completely changed their nations from delivering democracy to fascism due to their actions. The most outstanding figure of such a transformation is Hitler, having introduced all the aspects of Fascism to Germany from a functional democratic routine. Earlier on in history, Germany entered World War 1 with the hopes of winning and making their enemies pay. The government led the people into believing C that they would win only to have a change of deals from the opponents which created enmity Get Torcism. A Warning (Albright & Woodward, 2018). The US president at that time, Woodrow Wilson agreed with the CAlbright, Germans for a peaceful negotiation that will invite no violence among the people. However, the US allies, Britain and French changed the agreement and wanted to avenge on the Germans by forcing cruelty on them. These actions of betrayal led to hatred amongst these nations and Hitler came across with the Nazi party later on against the Weimar government. Once a leader of nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-capitalism and socialism, turned to a forceful and brutal to his subjects. Source? Hitler came to power as a socially upright individual who wanted to Restore German's greatness by denouncing villains and capitalists who controlled the nation. He, however, developed the hunger for political mighty and dominance amongst the Germans by oppressing the people in all sectors of the economy (Cheibub, et al., 2010). Hitler came up with strict rules 1 concerning wealth acquisition, political engagements and outside border interactions. He remains to be one of the most recognized dictators across the world due to the things he made Germans go through during his reign. It was difficult to get rid of his Nazi party as he was making the society much depended on his leadership (Albright & Woodward, 2018). The situation of the LIN 3 rate people worsened each day with rising unemployment and lower living standards, and yet the citizens still voted for Hitler. Personal expression also became a problem with opposition members facing a tough time which reduced activism at the time of his governance. A democratic nation later changed to be solely characterized by fascist ideologies. pasust America seems to be moving towards the direction of a Faseisnt society whereby a recurrent Sf events from the Nazi times is evident in Trumps administration. Different politicers? philosophers have varying perspectives on the fascist nature of President Trump all which imply P9 that there are signs of this dangerous political ideology (Albright & Woodward, 2018). Just like other fascists in history, Trump is taking over the government quicker than other presidents of ? the US and yet there is only little to be done about this situation. Regardless of the constant critics concerning his 'incompetence,' people still end up supporting his ideas and hence increasing his dominance in American society. who are you quot quoting Another sign of fascism in Trump's administration are the propagated lies that sounds unrealistic but greatly determine his influence in America. Mr. Trump recently said in the global leaders' assembly that he has achieved the most in the two years he has been in power as 35% compared to any other US president before him. Most voters tend to be drawn close to these - test pon И statements and increase their support system as some even believe that he has signed the most bills and also building the wall with Mexico. The transformation of American society might be faster than people can imagine if citizens do not consider these signs while preserving their democracy (Albright & Woodward, 2018). considerad According to Morgan (1998), George Washington is generally the second best president in the US after Abraham Lincoln which puts him at the front row of pushing for democracy. Washington was a leader of the people who involved all Americans regardless of their social
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