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I am a millennial who have been pursuing his education since first grade with no stop until the
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moment of writing this paper, and more importantly have a believe that learning and education
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should never stop in a persons life. Education represents everything to me, I come from an educated
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family who were always very interested and successful in the education field for many years.
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Education is Since the Foundation Saudi Arabia in 1931, education has started with very few male
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schools and has been evolving rapidly ever since. Today we have more than 40 thousands of both
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male and female educational schools and institutions across the country. In the matter of special
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education, services has been regulated and required by the ministry of educating for students with
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disabilities for more than 35 years ago. Programs and services has been widely established in most
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major cities but still did not cover up most schools, there are still huge numbers of students with
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disabilities that has not been identified. Those students who suffer from hidden disabilities such as
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ADHD and Learning Disabilities are neither recognized nor supported, due to the fact, that there
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are no specialists that could identify such hidden disabilities in all schools. Controversy, Saudi
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Arabia has huge numbers of special education teachers who are qualified to fill in the special
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education job positions. That is the reason why Picture #3 reflected that need to hire those
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educators and to fill in the gap of the special education field. Picture #6 reminded me of the article
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that have just published last week, the article was advocating to the need of education for students
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with learning disabilities. The article also reflects the photo, due to fact that the article was
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concerned that abandoning the education of students with learning disabilities may result in them
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ending up in a prison. Furthermore, the article has quoted several sayings of people who were in
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prison and had specific learning disability, most of those prisoners expressed that the did not know
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the consequences that they would face after their violent behavior that led them to prison. Another
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student has stated in an article from the Guardian newspaper, that crime was a much easier than
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trying to learn and get laughed at by bullies in schools. Therefore, education is essential to build
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an intelligent, collaborative, and free-crime community. The most phenomena that I literally hate
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and will gather all power to work against it, is “Ableism” the word represents any action or
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behavior that might make people with disabilities feel insulted. Ableism is spread widely around
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the world, therefore, it will defiantly be more presented in Saudi Arabia and other third world
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countries. Ableism can be present in various forms; it could extend from wounds of word arrows
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to inaccessible entry of a governmental building. Some examples of real life situation has happen
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to several of my relatives who were disabled and been through some of these situations. The most
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important example of Ablesim that has ever happened to me was when my older sister who was
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trying to obtain a degree in Indiana state. In 2016, when she was about to finish her course work
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she had a baby boy while she was still in her 7thmonth, he was born with both intellectual and
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physical disabilities, he was not able to swallow and was being fed by a G-Tupe to his stomach.
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Beside his different disabilities, both parents were aware and educated and has adored him just as
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their other three children and maybe a little bit more. However, when he was about a year old, he
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always carried an oxygen machine that helped him breathing. My sister was livng exactly across
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street, and one morning I was about to leave to school and there I found my brother shouting for
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me to come inside her house, I went running to his parents room were he sleep and there is my
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sister doing a CPR for him. The ambulance were on there way and in two to three minutes of my
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sister doing a CPR her child started breathing again. They were able to take him to the hospital
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and afterwards the doctors have made a huge meeting including both my sister and her husband.
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The Ableism part is when my sister was asked by the doctors that if this incidence ever happened
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again, would you want us to save him? The doctors did not see that his life was worth to save
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which has been very difficult for the parents to realize what they just heard from an educated
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human being.
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Participant #2
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The education system is perhaps the most enduring meritocratic system in which both appraisal
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and discrimination is positively accepted. Intellectual discrimination enables different people to
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understand and appreciate the choices they have in life and in terms of academic endeavors (Kay,
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2006). Secondly, appraisal of academic achievements is a critical part of the process and as such
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the most significant reality that faces the various forms of educational development. The pictures
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in this discussion demonstrate the level of engagement school provides to young people. First and
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foremost, education promotes participation and collaboration as it molds young minds to become
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responsible members of the community (Sherifali, Berard, Gucciardi, MacDonald, & MacNeill,
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2018). It provides the first moments of activism for children and as such creates a long-term reality
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that consensus is an important aspect in society’s quest for development. As a student, one may
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not always like school, but rest assured, no one loves their job every day of the week either
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(Sherifali, Berard, Gucciardi, MacDonald, & MacNeill, 2018). This is critical towards the long
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term and generates an understanding helps us balance our interests in life. As an adult, I believe
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there is no place in the world that instills patriotism than education. As an adult, it is often the
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responsibility of the adult to ensure that there is a critical connection between the interests of the
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society and the desires of the young to establish a more inclusive system that enhances education
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pursuits in the long run. This is the cornerstone of appreciating learning and its outcome. To be
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educated therefore, is to achieve the full measure of awareness as well as the full connection
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between the long-term goals and community responsibilities one gets in the long run (Kay, 2006;
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Sherifali, Berard, Gucciardi, MacDonald, & MacNeill, 2018).
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In my journey of education, I have not always been a fun of the process. There are times when I
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have been diametrically opposed to the kind of influence education had on my life. For instance,
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there are times when I did not want to be in school and joined my friends in making my feelings
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known through the use of graffiti that illustrated words and images that demonstrated my dislike
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for school. These include “education sucks”, “we don’t need education” among others. In some
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cases, and with the advent of social media, I would try to challenge my teachers by using my
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phones at inappropriate moments. However, as an adult, I proudly remember the moments that
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defined the life I lead and how the experiences were critical to my own growth potential. For
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instance, in response to prolonged strikes, the school district proposed to close all schools.
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Outraged by this turn of events, we took to the streets arguing that the closure of schools would
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increase violence which was already high in the community. I also relish the history classes that
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enhanced the civic pride I felt with regards to connections to my country of birth. I now feel more
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attached to the experience I had both as a child and teenager because they empower the young,
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energetic and ambitious person I have become. It is essential to note that the overall conditioning
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of this successful environment is also experienced within the context of the opportunities I missed
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and how these opportunities could have increased over time. This is a critical part of the
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progressive understanding of research into the power of education. If I had not experienced this
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education level in the past, there are instances in which I would have negatively been impacted by
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the environmental factors that affect different events in my life.
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Participant#3
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One of the pictures which bring back memories of my education life is picture number one. It
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reminds of those classroom moments when we would participate in class questions and
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discussions. These are the time when a child does not understand the real meaning of education
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but assumes it to be a daily activity to be undertaken. I loved answering questions and participating
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in the class discussion my primary education. Picture 6 reminds me of high school life where I
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began to feel as education was bothersome and that I didn’t really need to go school as there were
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other things I could do such as hanging out with friends.
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These two pictures bring out the reason to be educated in that they show the difficulties one has to
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go through and become successful. To be educated means to acquire skills applicable in real life
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situations such as careers and even social life. Education is considered to be a life-long investment
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as the skills acquired can help a person throughout their entire life without ‘expiring’. Despite the
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fact that a person has to subject himself to years of learning, it is a worthy undertaking as it enables
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people to become globally competitive and respond to real-life challenges more competently.
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The first picture indicates the innocence of primary pupils as they attend their schools. They are
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always enthusiastic about going to school and engaging in class discussions. This makes learning
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more interesting. I loved so much to answer questions my teacher asked during class times and I
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didn’t even feel the burden of attending school. In fact on holidays, I would be sad that I wouldn’t
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attend school. However, this attitude changed when I joined my high school. I began hating school
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and I didn’t see the essence of attending classes. In fact, I preferred hanging out with my friends.
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This attitude was wrong since I affected my performance in my first years. In my third year, my
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parents organized for a private session with an educational counselor. My session with the
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counselor proved to be fruitful as I started getting the significance of education. I came to
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understand that it is a life-long investment but not a waste of one’s time. I was told education is
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meant to impart important skills that help a person later in their life such as in careers, decision
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making, creative thinking, and social life.
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Education is what distinguishes us from the uneducated and it is what shapes civilization. I also
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came to learn that education is responsible for the kind of lifestyles we live. Such an enlightenment
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opened my eyes on the issue of education and I was eventually able to change my mindset. This
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gave me a lot of motivation that even my teachers noted a progressive improvement in my
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performance. I was able to perform well in my exams and even secured a place in the university.
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Upon joining the university, I understood fully why my parents were insisting on my education. I
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was able to pursue a degree that later gave me my career. My life in learning taught me that
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education is worthwhile investments that are responsible for many aspects in life. As I attend my
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job, I look behind and realize that the time and resources I spent in schooling was a witty
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investment and the fruits and outcomes of education are really paying.
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Participant #4
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Education refers to the act or process of seeking information from a teacher who imparts
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knowledge and information in an individual with the aim of making them knowledgeable and able
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to do things on their own (Chandra and Rajendra 13). Personally, education has had an impact on
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my life, and I am grateful that I am educated.
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Firstly, I remember my childhood years where I was timid and shy. Education helped me to gain
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courage and bravery by helping me mingle with children from different backgrounds and
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character. I had the chance of interacting with children from different classes and with different
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ways of thinking. It helped me make friends and gain confidence in myself at an early age.
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Throughout the learning curriculum, I have had the chance of meeting new friends and creating
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more links, which is one of the importance of education. Without going to a school or a common
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place where all converge for learning purposes, it would be difficult for one to make as many
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diverse friends, as well as have important links to people in various organizations.
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Education has also helped me to learn and know how the world is made and run. Learning science
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and geography has helped me to know the different elements that make up the world. When
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walking around forests and thickets, knowing the different types of animals and insects is vital to
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staying safe. I remember escaping the bite of a black widow spider when walking through the park.
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The knowledge about the black widow spider helped me to jump over the deadly insect, which
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helped me to stay safe. Lack of such knowledge, which is mostly gained through education, could
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have exposed me to the danger of the poison of the spider; I might not have survived to this date.
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As such, the knowledge gained through education guides one to know what to avoid and what one
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can embrace.
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Education has also helped me to lead a healthier life. The knowledge gained in Science and
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Biology in particular has helped me to know the working of the body systems and the signs and
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symptoms of different health problems. This has helped me to be alert concerning signs of illness
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in the body. I remember this once helped me to tack fever when on a trip to Dubai, early
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intervention and treatment saved from hospitalization. Lack of education makes one lack such vital
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information, which can lead to deterioration before one seeks medical attention.
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Another importance of education is getting formal employment (Chandra & Rajendra 62).
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Educational qualifications are a number one requirement to get any formal employment.
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Considering that formal employment usually has a higher salary and more benefits, it then follows
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that education is the key to getting better employment. This additionally means that advancing
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one’s education throughout one’s life continually gives one more chance of getting better
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employment opportunities and equally better salaries and benefits.
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In general, being educated is good because one becomes knowledgeable in various matters that
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concern day to day living and activities (Chandra and Rajendra 68). People that lack formal
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education tend to be withdrawn from active participation of society building because they lack
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knowledge and information to guide them. It is important that all become educated since it is a
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tool against many ills and problems occurring in the world: education can help transform the world
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into a better place.
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Participant #5
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Ever since I was a child, my parents expressed to my siblings and I the value of education. They
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told us that it was really important that we receive an education that not only helped us to acquire
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a life-long career, but also prepared us to serve our community. With my parents as role models,
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my dad as a preacher and my mom as an educator, I remember being at school trying to follow my
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parent's instructions: learn as much as possible and bring good grades home. During my elementary
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school years in the country of Venezuela, I thought that school was just a big playground. I truly
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enjoyed being in the classroom and was inspired to create imaginary worlds or adventures with
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the content I was receiving from the teachers. For me, learning was not significant, I was just there
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because my parents sent me to school. As I progressed in my middle school grades, I noticed that
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the content was more demanding and I had moments where I truly questioned if I really needed all
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that information. During that time, I struggled to keep my focus on classwork and my grades
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plummeted considerably. My parents talked to me on many occasions, stressing how I must apply
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myself with more consistency on my school assignments. I certainly felt lost and I did not try to
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excel in my school classes. It was in my high school years when everything changed drastically.
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During that period of time, my parents sent me to a Christian boarding school and I became really
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active in the musical activities. With a previous experience in playing piano and singing at church,
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I felt for the first time that I was doing something significant with all the years of schooling. One
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day, in the middle of my junior year, I was called to the school’s principal office. He mentioned to
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me that the music teacher had to leave the position and he thought that I could help as a student
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teacher and to take the position as choir director and church pianist. I immediately accepted. That
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opportunity not only changed my life and my purpose but also changed completely my perspective
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of why education is important and how excellence in teaching could be incredibly important for
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the success of all students regardless of their learning abilities. Additionally, I started to appreciate
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my parents’ efforts in investing in my school education, as well as, the piano lessons. During those
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years, experiencing being a teacher and student at the same time, gave me a unique perspective of
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why education is necessary for the intellectual and personal growth of each student. Additionally,
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I discovered that serving as a facilitator and a role model would help my students to find more
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meaning and significance of the knowledge that they are acquiring. Today, as I reflected about
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those years, I certainly would not have changed anything from those life altering experiences. I
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understand now, based on my own personal education background, that each individual has
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opportunities to discover their life purpose with the help of inspiring role models at home and
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school that help them to realize that being educated is worth all the invested time and effort.
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Participant #6
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As I think back to the different ways, in which I have played a role or engaged in education over
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the years, a few specific experiences come to mind. My role as an educator did not begin in the
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classroom, as many would expect. My role as an educator began when I became a mother at 18
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years old. I have worn many educator hats, from being a police officer, to working as a social
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worker for women and children of sexual abuse, to where I am today, the role of a classroom
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educator for both children and adults.
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When I first looked back at the different images, I instantly experienced an overwhelming
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feeling of anxiety. Image #1 and image #5 reminded me of my personal school experience. When
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I was in school, teachers were rigid, and learning was always silent, independent work. I rarely
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recall working in groups or having meaningful dialogue about the concepts we were learning, or
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why we were learning them. I remember a lot of yelling, and during my elementary and high school
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years, corporal punishment still existed. I would have to get paddled on the inside and outside of
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my hands if I wanted to use the restroom and would get ridiculed in front of peers if my response
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to a teacher’s question was incorrect. I learned that it was easier to stay quiet and pretend I knew
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what I was doing, rather than being humiliated and feeling dumb.
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Image #2 and 3 also resonated with me. Looking back, I realize that my attitude was really
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centered in the fact that I struggled to understand the concepts, and I could not ask for help, because
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I knew teachers were racist. During that time, I lived in a small town in Texas, with a population
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of 1200 people. My geometry teacher lived across the street and the mayor lived next door, which
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he also happened to be my shop teacher. Racism was alive and well, especially in such a rural area,
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and we were the only Hispanic people on the block. My geometry made me feel so dumb, and my
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mother asked if she would tutor me, since I only lived across the street. She said yes, but later I
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realized it was only to interrogate me about my life, where we came from, why we were here, and
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to say “you ‘all know you don’t belong here, why are you ‘all here anyway?” Fast-forward my
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life, when I was going for my master’s at the age of 37, not to say it didn’t happen in my undergrad,
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but this experience of racism out beat them all. My professor asked me what my plans were after
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my master’s and I commented to her that I would like to continue with my Ph.D. She replied by
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saying, “wow, really? that’s a nice dream to have, but do you think you can really do it? Do you
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really think you have what it takes? I don’t think you realize that some people are not made to go
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beyond what you have accomplished, and you have already gotten this far, so you should to stick
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to “teaching your people”, so that they try to make it like you”. That night she kept me until 11
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o’clock at night to ask me questions about my life. My father was dying of cancer and my daughter
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was about to have my first grandchild at 18. That night, she asked me how I felt about being such
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a young grandmother and having a daughter who had followed in my footsteps. I felt trapped,
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because it was my last class of the semester and the last class to graduate, I felt obligated to stay
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and violated when I left.
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Education is not just reflective of how many degrees you have, or how many titles you
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hold. Being educated also means learning from one another. We learn life lessons, we learn life
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skills and hopefully we will learn what it means to have a moral and ethical compass. Education
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consist of teaching our youth to have compassion and patience and learn to have peaceful dialogue
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and understand differences with respect. To have a formal academic education is a bonus. We
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acquire a different set of skills and knowledge that can be used to enlighten the people of our
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world, our communities, our culture and our future generations. Formal education is necessary
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because, unfortunately, our society measures us by our success, and it is rare to be successful
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without a formal education; we all need money to survive. When I decided to go back to school
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after having three children, I did it because, I didn’t want them to go through the struggles my
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husband and I went through as young parents. I was tired of feeling less than I knew I was worth,
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and I wanted my daughters to feel empowered and not obligated to be with a companion, because
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they could not be independent and make it on their own. I wanted my son to know that the struggle
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for brown men is already a given and the reality of that struggle becomes his future without a
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formal education. In my opinion, the combination of both worlds of education, informal and
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formal, are equally important. There is value in the lessons to be learned, the lessons we teach, and
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the legacies we leave behind
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Participant 7
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I will describe the way in which I engage in education by focusing on my childhood and what I
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experienced. Growing up, there weren't many family members who were college graduates. Even
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in my neighborhood, I did not know of many who had finished college. My family is made up of
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hard workers and motivators. The purpose of education for me is being able to go, achieve and
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maintain what so many of my ancestors could not.
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Picture #1 would capture the purpose of education for me. This picture exudes the very essence
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of American Education. As shown in the picture, there isn't a role model that I could relate to or
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pattern myself after, no one that looks like me.
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To me progress is a determining factor for what it means to be educated. Education is different
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for everyone. However, there should be some sort of personal growth and progress as a result of
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a person being "educated". One defining moment in my education journey is when my oldest son
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came with me to one of my classes during my masters program here at Concordia. It was a defining
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moment in my life and his. It was a bonding experience and a time for my son to witness his
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mother making progress in her life. That day also set a bar for him to reach in his life and
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educational goals.
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Participant 8
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As I reflect on my understanding of education and how it has changed over time, I am
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struck not only by how differently I define education now than I once did, but also how much my
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experiences have shaped my understanding today. I would argue that we, as educators, often use
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the terms education, learning¸ and schooling interchangeably. I see them as distinctly different.
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Learning is a process, something that is dynamic and complex. Learning can take place in any
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environment and it can follow any number of progressions. In contrast, the term schooling is often
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used in reference to a formal structure in which learning is controlled and guided. Schooling is
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often discipline-specific, and it follows a linear progression. Education, by my definition, is the
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term that brings the two together. It is process through which information, skills, values, and
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interests intersect in a given setting. Education does not have just one environment in today’s
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world, and it does not have one mode. It can be guided, as it often is in a formal classroom, but it
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can also be flexible and independently motivated. It can take place in a formal school setting or in
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a more informal setting through the added value of technology. These are important distinctions.
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Learning was deeply valued in my house growing up, especially by my father. He had an
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innate curiosity about the world. He was not afraid to expose us to complex concepts, and he talked
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openly about high expectations for us. There was never a question of what I was going to do after
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high school. A college degree was a necessary step towards a successful career, and it was
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expected. As such, college became my educational awakening. I had to work hard financially to
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make college a reality, but it was the first time I was able to pursue coursework of my choosing. I
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was inspired. I felt a purpose. It was then, in my very early twenties, that I finally felt meaning in
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my education. It was also then that I saw the purpose in all the years of schooling I had attended
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before.
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My much younger self identifies with the students in Picture #1. I was a compliant
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elementary student and often enjoyed school. I followed directions. I showed effort. I completed
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my work. I participated in class. However, I now realize that that my understanding of education
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at that time had more to do with expectation and obedience than it did with learning and
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connecting. School was reinforcing for me because I was good at it, and I appreciated the attention.
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However, I was simply following the process laid out for me. I was not challenged, and I did not
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necessarily see the purpose behind what I was doing. As I moved through middle and high school,
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I began to consider education in terms of requirements instead of learning. I had classes I was
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required to attend, and assignments I was required to complete. I felt a sense of apathy for school
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but continued because it was expected. I do not fully identify with the negative educational images
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of pictures #2 and #5, but I distinctly remember questioning the value behind many of the things
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that were asked of me. At that time, my understanding of being “educated” simply meant fulfilling
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what was mandated.
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Education today is shifting to embrace the idea that learning is central to all personal growth,
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both through the schooling process and for life in general. Education is no longer to be viewed as
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something that must be completed. Rather, education is the foundation of self-improvement.
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There is a strong focus on preparing students for meaningful college and careers, and today’s
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schools are held to standards for improving graduation rates. School completion is mainstream
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and expected. When education is viewed as an ongoing vehicle, as opposed to a finite task, it
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becomes a powerful tool.
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Level 1
How do doctoral students in qualitative research understand the purpose of education?
Participant 1
Initial Code
Transcript
Memo
education and millennials
millennials who has been pursuing his
Millennials are the most educated
education since first grade with no stop until
generation
the moment of writing this paper
Never stop learning
and more importantly have a believe that
Education is always continuous
learning and education should never stop in a
person’s life
Education is power
Education represents everything to me,
education is your way in life for
whatever you want to do
Education can influence
I come from an educated family who were
The primary predictor of student
family
always very interested and successful in the
academic success is the home
education field for many years.
environment.
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evolving education system
Education is Since the Foundation Saudi
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Education is ever changing rapidly
Arabia in 1931, education has started with very and is getting better.
few male schools and has been evolving
rapidly ever since.
Gender Equality
Today we have more than 40 thousands of
Gender equality is a global priority
both male and female educational schools and
institutions across the country.
The purpose of education is
Saudi Arabia has huge numbers of special
to provide opportunities for
education teachers who are qualified to fill in
jobs
the special education job positions
The community without
The article also reflects the photo, due to fact
criminal behavior the relationship
education is negatively
that the article was concerned that abandoning
between do not education and crime
affected
the education of students with learning
disabilities may result in them ending up in a
prison.
Education develops your
which has been very difficult for the parents to
Education enables people to make
speed skill and expertise
realize what they just heard from an educated
informed decisions very faster.
about any difficult positions
human being.
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Participant 2
Initial Code
Education is a meritocratic system
academic achievements
Full Measure Education
Students' values have changed
over time and their little regard for
respect
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Transcript
Memo
The education system is perhaps the most Education experiences both positive
enduring meritocratic system in which
both appraisal and discrimination is
and negative characteristics, and has
positively accepted.
to move on.
intellectual discrimination enables
different people to understand and
appreciate the choices they have in life
and in terms of academic endeavors
(Kay, 2006). Secondly, appraisal of
academic achievements is a critical part
of the process and as such the most
significant reality that faces the various
forms of educational development
To be educated therefore, is to achieve
the full measure of awareness as well as
the full connection between the longterm goals and community
responsibilities one gets in the long run
(Kay, 2006; Sherifali, Berard, Gucciardi,
MacDonald, & MacNeill, 2018).
Self actualization and realization
In some cases, and with the advent of
social media, I would try to challenge my
teachers by using my phones at
inappropriate moments.
There is different in ideologies or
thinking sometimes resulted by
used of current technologies like
phones in the school set up.
are important unique characteristics
of someone who has invested in
education.
\ For one to be considered as
educated, his/her level of awareness
on both past and current matters of
the community and a nation as a
general.
18
Participant 3
Initial Code
Transcript
Students have
changed
overCoding
the Report
It reminds of those classroom moments
Image
Narrative
years
when we would participate in class
questions and discussions.
Successful Education
Teachers have good to ways
attending classes have a
significant positive impact
Effective parents have a
significant positive impact
Participant 4
Initial Code
Education can influence society
and world
Education today has many
advantages, but some people don’t
has education
These are the time when a child does not
understand the real meaning of education
but assumes it to be a daily activity to be
undertaken.
These two pictures bring out the reason
to be educated in that they show the
difficulties one has to go through and
become successful.
To be educated means to acquire skills
applicable in real life situations such as
careers and even social life.
This makes learning more interesting. I
loved so much to answer questions my
teacher asked during class times and I
didn’t even feel the burden of attending
school.
I began hating school and I didn’t see the
essence of attending classes. In fact, I
preferred hanging out with my friends.
This attitude was wrong since I affected
my performance in my first years
Such an enlightenment opened my eyes
on the issue of education and I was
eventually able to change my mindset
Transcript
Education has also helped me to learn
and know how the world is made and
run. Learning science and geography has
helped me to know the different elements
that make up the world
Memo
As time goes by students19also
change by becoming more better
than the students in the past
Planning for what you're going to
do and when you're going to do it
Professional teachers have
improvised ways of handling
students and encouraging them to
attend lectures
Being present in class makes a
student to progress well and also
results to consistency.
Strict parents play a vital role in
ensuring the child follows school
regulation
Memo
In today’s world most better and
successful people must have gone to
school to a certain level.
being educated is good because one
Despite education having many
becomes knowledgeable in various
benefits many people are still
matters that concern day to day living
ignorant
and activities (Chandra and Rajendra 68).
People that lack formal education tend to
be withdrawn from active participation of
society
19
Image Narrative Coding Report
Challenge of Education
Participant 5
Initial Code
Effective parents have a
significant positive impact
Education has improved over time
Participant 6
Initial Code
Education should never stop
Education serves to keep good life
20
It is important that all become educated
since it is a tool against many ills and
problems occurring in the world:
education can help transform the world
into a better place.
Once people are educated they are
Transcript
Ever since I was a child, my parents
expressed to my siblings and I the value
of education. They told us that it was
really important that we receive an
education that not only helped us to
acquire a life-long career, but also
prepared us to serve our community.
Memo
Parents play important role in
ensuring they go to school and
adhere the school rules and
regulations. Also parents encourage
their kids
With my parents as role models, my dad
as a preacher and my mom as an
educator, I remember being at school
trying to follow my parent's instructions:
learn as much as possible and bring good
grades home.
that each individual has opportunities to
discover their life purpose with the help
of inspiring role models at home and
school that help them to realize that
being educated is worth all the invested
time and effort.
Transcript
Education consist of teaching our youth
to have compassion and patience and
learn to have peaceful dialogue and
understand differences with respect. To
have a formal academic education is a
bonus. We acquire a different set of skills
and knowledge that can be used to
enlighten the people of our world, our
communities, our culture and our future
generations
Education is not just reflective of how
many degrees you have, or how many
titles you hold. Being educated also
means learning from one another. We
able to face obstacles of any manner
through informed decisions.
Education has rapidly changes since
it was invented and many people
are investing in it
Memo
Education should continue from
generation to generation to make
future generations to live more
better life
There is a high probability that
once someone is educated he/she
will live better live
20
Image Narrative Coding Report
Participant 7
Initial Code
The purpose of education
learn life lessons, we learn life skills and
Transcript
hopefully we will learn what it means to
The
education
for me is being
havepurpose
a moral of
and
ethical compass
able to go, achieve and maintain what so
many of my ancestors could not.
21
Memo
Education enables one to achieve
the dreams their ancestors didn’t
manage in the past.
education is necessary
Participant 8
Initial Code
understanding of education
Education is necessary
Education is different for everyone.
However, there should be some sort of
personal growth and progress as a result
of a person being "educated".
Education is mandatory and should
be adopted by every generation in
the world.
Transcript
As I reflect on my understanding of
education and how it has changed over
time, I am struck not only by how
differently I define education now than I
once did, but also how much my
experiences have shaped my
understanding today. I would argue that
we, as educators, often use the terms
education, learning¸ and schooling
interchangeably. I see them as distinctly
different.
Education today is shifting to embrace
the idea that learning is central to all
personal growth, both through the
schooling process and for life in general.
Education is no longer to be viewed as
something that must be completed.
Rather, education is the foundation of
self-improvement.
Memo
enhancing your success at work
21
Image Narrative Coding Report
22
Level 2 Coding
How do doctoral students in qualitative research understand the purpose of education?
Patterns
Emerging sub-patterns
Participant’s Source
Pattern- PTN
Pattern-PTN
Participant-P
PTN 1. Education gives the
PTN 1a). Social capital
P. 1 I come from an educated
learner a starting point
PTN 1b). Personal values
family whom were always
very interested and successful
PTN 1c). Parental support
PTN 1d). Life long career
in education field for many
years
P.1 Education represents
everything to me
P. 3 Such an enlightenment
opened my eyes on the issue
of education and I was
22
Image Narrative Coding Report
23
eventually able to change my
mindset
P. 5 Ever since I was a child,
my parents expressed to my
siblings and I the value of
education. They told us that it
was really important that we
receive an education that not
only helped us to acquire a
life-long career, but also
prepared us to serve our
community
PTN 2. Education enhances
PTN 2 a). Individual
P.2 To be educated is to
personal development
attributes
achieve the full measure of
PTN 2 b). Support from the
education system
awareness as well as the full
commection the long term
goals and community
PTN 2 c). Attainment of
long-term goals
PTN 2 d). The role of the
teachers
responsibility one gets in the
long run
P. 7. The purpose of
education for me is being able
23
Image Narrative Coding Report
24
to go, achieve and maintain
what so many of my
ancestors could not.
P. 7 Education is different for
everyone. However, there
should be some sort of
personal growth and progress
as a result of a person being
"educated".
P. 8 Education today is
shifting to embrace the idea
that learning is central to all
personal growth, both
through the schooling process
and for life in general.
P. 4 being educated is good
because one becomes
knowledgeable in various
matters that concern day to
day living and activities
24
Image Narrative Coding Report
25
P. 5 that each individual has
opportunities to discover their
life purpose with the help of
inspiring role models at home
and school that help them to
realize that being educated is
worth all the invested time
and effort.
P. 6 Education consist of
teaching our youth to have
compassion and patience and
learn to have peaceful
dialogue and understand
differences with respect.
PTN 3. Education and
PTN 3 a). Experience to
P. 1 Education is Since the
people’s understanding of
understand education
Foundation Saudi Arabia in
education is dynamic
PTN 3 b) External influences
1931, education has started
with very few male schools
PTN 3c). foundation for
improvement
and has been evolving rapidly
ever since.
PTN 3 d). gender equality
25
Image Narrative Coding Report
26
P. 8 As I reflect on my
understanding of education
and how it has changed over
time, I am struck not only by
how differently I define
education now than I once
did, but also how much my
experiences have shaped my
understanding today.
P. 3 Education is no longer to
be viewed as something that
must be completed. Rather,
education is the foundation of
self-improvement.
PTN 4 Educator and Personal
PTN 4 a) educational
P. 1 and more importantly
efforts determines one’s
difficulties
have a believe that learning
success
PTN 4 b). continuous process
and education should never
stop in a person’s life
PTN 4 c) Educational failure
P. 3 These two pictures bring
PTN 4 d) Attitude change
out the reason to be educated
PTN 4 e) Opportunities
in that they show the
26
Image Narrative Coding Report
27
difficulties one has to go
through and become
successful.
P. 3 I began hating school and
I didn’t see the essence of
attending classes. In fact, I
preferred hanging out with
my friends. This attitude was
wrong since I affected my
performance in my first years
This makes learning more
interesting. I loved so much
to answer questions my
teacher asked during class
times and I didn’t even feel
the burden of attending
school.
P. 5 that each individual has
opportunities to discover their
life purpose with the help of
inspiring role models at home
27
Image Narrative Coding Report
28
and school that help them to
realize that being educated is
worth all the invested time
and effort.
PTN 5. Education makes the
PTN 5 a). Understanding the
P. 4 Education has also
world a better place
world
helped me to learn and know
PTN 5 b) acquisition of skills
how the world is made and
run. Learning science and
PTN 5 c) morality and ethics
geography has helped me to
know the different elements
that make up the world
p. 4 People that lack formal
education tend to be
withdrawn from active
participation of society
P. 6 We acquire a different
set of skills and knowledge
that can be used to enlighten
the people of our world, our
28
Image Narrative Coding Report
29
communities, our culture and
our future generations
P. 6 We learn life lessons, we
learn life skills and hopefully
we will learn what it means to
have a moral and ethical
compass
Level 3 Coding
How do doctoral students in qualitative research understand the purpose of education?
Participant’s source
Themes
Patterns
Emerging sub-patterns
Theme 1: The
PTN 1. Education
PTN 1a). Social capital P. 1 I come from an
parents support
gives the learner a
and social capital
starting point
PTN 1b). Personal
values
gives the learner
a starting point
educated family whom
were always very
interested and
PTN 1c). Parental
support
PTN 1d). Life long
career
successful in education
field for many years
p.1 Education
represents everything
to me
29
Image Narrative Coding Report
30
P. 3 Such an
enlightenment opened
my eyes on the issue of
education and I was
eventually able to
change my mindset
P. 5 Ever since I was a
child, my parents
expressed to my
siblings and I the value
of education. They told
us that it was really
important that we
receive an education
that not only helped us
to acquire a life-long
career, but also
prepared us to serve
our community
30
Image Narrative Coding Report
31
Theme 2:
PTN 2. Education
PTN 2 a). Individual
P.2 To be educated is
Education
enhances personal
attributes
to achieve the full
requires
development
individual
attributes and
PTN 2 b). Support
from the education
system
supportive
system in order
to enhance
measure of awareness
as well as the full
connection the long
term goals and
PTN 2 c). Attainment
of long-term goals
personal
PTN 2 d). The role of
development
the teachers
community
responsibility one gets
in the long run
P. 7. The purpose of
education for me is
being able to go,
achieve and maintain
what so many of my
ancestors could not.
P. 7 Education is
different for everyone.
However, there should
be some sort of
personal growth and
progress as a result of a
31
Image Narrative Coding Report
32
person being
"educated".
P. 8 Education today is
shifting to embrace the
idea that learning is
central to all personal
growth, both through
the schooling process
and for life in general.
P. 4 being educated is
good because one
becomes
knowledgeable in
various matters that
concern day to day
living and activities
P. 5 that each
individual has
opportunities to
discover their life
purpose with the help
32
Image Narrative Coding Report
33
of inspiring role
models at home and
school that help them
to realize that being
educated is worth all
the invested time and
effort.
P. 6 Education consist
of teaching our youth
to have compassion
and patience and learn
to have peaceful
dialogue and
understand differences
with respect.
Theme 3:
PTN 3. Education and
Different people
people’s understanding to understand
the Foundation Saudi
view education
of education is
Arabia in 1931,
differently and it
dynamic
is difficult to
define education
PTN 3 a). Experience
education
PTN 3 b) External
influences
P. 1 Education is Since
education has started
with very few male
schools and has been
33
Image Narrative Coding Report
34
using similar
PTN 3c). foundation
evolving rapidly ever
factors
for improvement
since.
PTN 3 d). gender
P. 8 As I reflect on my
equality
understanding of
education and how it
has changed over time,
I am struck not only by
how differently I
define education now
than I once did, but
also how much my
experiences have
shaped my
understanding today.
P. 3 Education is no
longer to be viewed as
something that must be
completed. Rather,
education is the
foundation of selfimprovement.
34
Image Narrative Coding Report
35
Theme 4: To
PTN 4 Educator and
PTN 4 a) educational
P. 1 and more
overcome
Personal efforts
difficulties
importantly have a
educational
determines one’s
difficulties
success
PTN 4 b). continuous
process
requires
intervention of an
educator or
believe that learning
and education should
never stop in a
PTN 4 c) Educational
person’s life
failure
P. 3 These two pictures
parent/guardian
PTN 4 d) Attitude
bring out the reason to
change
be educated in that
PTN 4 e)
they show the
Opportunities
difficulties one has to
go through and become
successful.
P. 3 I began hating
school and I didn’t see
the essence of
attending classes. In
fact, I preferred
hanging out with my
friends. This attitude
was wrong since I
35
Image Narrative Coding Report
36
affected my
performance in my
first years
This makes learning
more interesting. I
loved so much to
answer questions my
teacher asked during
class times and I didn’t
even feel the burden of
attending school.
P. 5 that each
individual has
opportunities to
discover their life
purpose with the help
of inspiring role
models at home and
school that help them
to realize that being
educated is worth all
36
Image Narrative Coding Report
37
the invested time and
effort.
Theme 5:
PTN 5. Education
PTN 5 a).
P. 4 Education has also
Education has
makes the world a
Understanding the
helped me to learn and
made the world a
better place
world
know how the world is
better place and
life easier
PTN 5 b) acquisition
of skills
made and run.
Learning science and
geography has helped
PTN 5 c) morality and
ethics
me to know the
different elements that
make up the world
P. 4 People that lack
formal education tend
to be withdrawn from
active participation of
society
P. 6 We acquire a
different set of skills
and knowledge that
can be used to
enlighten the people of
37
Image Narrative Coding Report
38
our world, our
communities, our
culture and our future
generations
P. 6 We learn life
lessons, we learn life
skills and hopefully we
will learn what it
means to have a moral
and ethical compass
The Coding Scheme
How do doctoral students in qualitative research understand the purpose of education?
Themes
Patterns
Emerging sub-patterns
Theme 1: The parents
PTN 1. Education gives the learner
PTN 1a). Social capital
support and social capital
a starting point
PTN 1b). Personal values
gives the learner a starting
point
PTN 1c). Parental support
PTN 1d). Life long career
38
Image Narrative Coding Report
Theme 2: Education
PTN 2. Education enhances
requires individual
personal development
attributes and supportive
39
PTN 2a). Individual attributes
PTN 2b). Support from the
education system
system in order to enhance
PTN 2c). Attainment of long-term
personal development
goals
PTN 2d). The role of the teachers
Theme 3: Different people
PTN 3. Education and people’s
PTN 3a). Experience to understand
view education differently
understanding of education is
education
and it is difficult to define
dynamic
PTN 3b) External influences
education using similar
PTN 3c). foundation for
factors
improvement
PTN 3d). gender equality
Theme 4: To overcome
PTN 4 Educator and Personal
educational difficulties
efforts determines one’s success
PTN 4a) educational difficulties
PTN 4b). continuous process
requires intervention of an
educator or parent/guardian
PTN 4c) Educational failure
PTN 4d) Attitude change
39
Image Narrative Coding Report
40
PTN 4e) Opportunities
Theme 5: Education has
PTN 5. Education makes the world
made the world a better
a better place
PTN 5a). Understanding the world
PTN 5b) acquisition of skills
place and life easier
PTN 5c) morality and ethics
Summary of the findings
As the researcher engaged the initial codes to get the categories, neutrality was
maintained to ensure that the categories and themes emerged by themselves without being highly
influenced by the researcher’s opinions. However, the emerging categories are positive towards
schooling and all the participants find the school to be important. Participant 2 perceived education
as a meritocratic system and finds it as an avenue for the society to select the best; individuals with
the best awareness. Further, the categories show the contribution of the literate to a better
community as the sub-patterns suggest improvement of personal values, morality and how people
understand the world around them. Theme 1 and Theme 4 seem to share similarities; Theme 1
deals with the parental support and social capital for educational success whereas Theme 4 deals
with overcoming educational difficulties requires the intervention of an educator or
parent/guardian. However, these are placed as different themes because Theme 1 is interested in
interventions at early stages that can make the learner begin education with motivation. Theme 4,
40
Image Narrative Coding Report
41
on the other hand, requires interventions critical for continuity of educational learning. This is
because of the categories and sub-categories all point at education as a continuous learning process.
All the comments mentioning parents’ intervention to foster educational attainment and the
perceived success alluded to disposition, student's personality and behavior. This informs the
research that a parent plays a significant role and the purpose of education is instilled in a learner
at an early stage.
For instance, Participant 5 had parents who insisted on the importance of education for
the success of their children career-wise and in the general community. However, the overall
outcomes as identified through the themes looks into the learner's attributes, supportive
educational system, and parent’s intervention in making the learners define their own purpose of
education. This is because the purpose of education is individualized depending on the learner's
long-term goals and the values one learns while growing up in an education system.
Based on the analysis of the data from 8 image narratives and one interview, the purpose of
education from the perspective of doctoral students in RES7700 and of the adjunct faculty includes:
It is evident that everyone among the participants treasured education at different levels depending
on their needs. Others further proposed education be incorporated into people’s lifestyle. Besides
education have both positive and negative behaviors. For instance, it is the best way to appraise and
to discriminate respectively. Moreover, education can make one acquire confidence and acquire
self-value thus making resulting in informed decisions made among many other benefits.
This is how my coding resulted in my findings. A level 1 coding gives a comprehensive view on the
role education played to the participants and the benefits accrued. Participants A and B considered
41
Image Narrative Coding Report
42
teaching as a tool for economic empowerment, unity, and patriotism while participant C brings the
evolution of the education system. The level 2 coding specifically focused on the frequency of
occurrence of education as a unifying tool, investment and many others. The level2 further recorded
vast evidence to support the research question and also by showing the role of education in history.
Generally, the three participants attached some values to education.
Coding as a method to collect and analyze data was the best choice ever since it’s swift
and can handle a large volume of data. However, a loophole may exist since a large quantity of data
is dealt with, some may be assumed, or even redundant data may exist. My new knowledge of
coding has shaped both my observation and interview skills concerning getting accurate data to get
the desired outcome.
Reading through the articles on education, it is worth noting that everyone among the
participants values education. There are different levels of the values given to education and the
participants have given their different accounts and what they think is most important to them
regarding education and the matters given throughout the papers. In essence, some deduce that
education should be a lifetime thing and should be included in lifestyle. It is worth to give education
to everyone whether they are strong in education or whether they have any learning disability. It is
important to design education in such a way that everyone has at least a sense of it whether they have
a learning disability or not. even them that end up having to undergo some rehabilitation should be
given the opportunity to lead a good education life as it is a lifetime experience that should be passed
from one generation to another.
42
Image Narrative Coding Report
43
Secondly, the education systems are characterized by a number of things some of which are
positive while others are somehow negative. It has been connected to being one of the best ways for
appraisal while at the same time being connected to some sense of discrimination amongst many other
issues. Through education, many people who could be lying down without anywhere to move to or
without anyone to talk to are able to participate in a vast of the issue and also able to give their best
in realizing the social positivity. With the advancement and due to the influence of high level of
education some tend to create social classes and even develop civic pride. Having education opens up
the mind and allows a person to be competitive not only to the lower level but also globally. It
increases the skills and knowledge which while used appropriately they are beneficial not only to
individuals but the whole universe. It is a great factor in shaping civilization and development of
society.
Through education, one is able to have a high level of courage and self-esteem while at the
same time helping in making informed decisions. It helps in a vast of things including gaining
knowledge on decision making as well as leading a healthier life while at the same time increasing
the possibility of gaining a formal employment. It is therefore important to note that education is a
very important activity in life which should not be ignored but rather embraced by anybody.
Everything has its pros and con, but the cons should not discourage a person to pursue a sense of
education and lifelong experience for better living.
In conclusion, the account given by the participants gives a clear view of everyone’s mind. It
is possible to change the personal view of education and even move according to the new set of code.
43
Image Narrative Coding Report
44
However, to those who do not feel the sense of setting up a sense of new embracement in education,
they may not change or even adopt the new-found treasures in education.
44
RES7700
Final project report
Your report must have NO MORE THAN 3,000-3,500 words (excluding Appendices and
References)
:
Title
purpose of education the perspective of theaters of using project-based learning methods of private school
in west Saudi Arabia
Introduction (300words)
1. Topic and purpose of your study, research questions
[you can copy and paste below exact words into your report because they are
identical for the entire class]
This report describes a class research project focused on understanding the meaning and
purpose of education from different perspectives. The following central research question
and two sub-questions guided this inquiry:
What is the purpose of education from different perspectives?
1) What is the purpose of education from the perspective of graduate students in
RES7700?
What is the purpose of education from the perspective of _ purpose of education the perspective of
theaters of using project-based learning methods of private school in west Saudi Arabia?
[insert the research sub-question that you explored in the interview portion of this
study]
What are your personal beliefs about this topic (Bracketing)? Sub Research Question: What
is the Saudi teachers’ perspective on the relevance of elementary education?
Firstly, my position as a teacher predisposes my research and findings to bias. Personally,
I believe that the education of Saudi children remains an essential aspect of both personal and
communal development.
I remember my first day in school. My mother drove to my kindergarten and left me with
some strangers. I recall interacting with my teachers and fellow students. The strangeness and
weirdness of the occasion remind me every day of the importance of education. The teaching staff
was not only understanding but also compassionate to us. My class teacher, for instance, would
spend the whole day with us until our parents collected us..
Joining primary school really changed my perception of life. The opportunity presented a
competitive and challenging purpose. Characterized by long reading hours coupled with tenuous
of physical education, this period defined my life. Additionally, the teachers were not only
supportive but well involved in our welfare. Thus, this form of education not only provided
perspective but also reiterated my goals in life. Nonetheless, the most memorable moment in
primary school remains instances that I had assumed the role of a group leader. These moments
not only improved my confidence but also made me realize I had a calling in education.
Elementary and high school education years were characterized by long reading and study
hours. Additionally, I remember most of the assignments were not only mandatory but also formed
RES7700
Final project report
an essential part of the coursework. Nonetheless, the participation in extra-curriculum activities
was a vital aspect to the school teachers. However, joining college the teaching methods changed.
Moreover, most of the assignments formed parts of the end of semester grades whereas most of
the lectures were practically based. Most importantly, as a science student practical offered a
participative form of learning that was not only involved but also extensive.
Education remains an essential tool in the development of the Saudi community.
Personally, I have always cherished the empowerment of women as an integral step in the
development of the nation’s citizenry. Therefore, I remain fully involved in the education of my
sisters and cousins. Nonetheless, the main prejudice against this idea remains the fact that
feminism and gender balance remain typical of western countries. Nevertheless, I believe this
assertion is highly biased and unsubstantiated. Hence, during my off days, I usually volunteer at
women rescue centres to help with the education of runaway girls.
Perception and cultural beliefs remain significant influences on my stance on the
importance of education. Nonetheless, admissible research is attained through conducting
interview devoid of bias (Merriam, 2009). However, it remains imperative to indicate that the
community in which I came from remains highly prejudiced; nonetheless, a few of my colleagues
hold a liberal view on the importance of education in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, my colleagues’
perspective on education as being a western influence is a typical exemplification of bias.
Nonetheless, it remains imperative to indicate that all forms of education remain an essential aspect
in the development of the students. Moreover, the implementation of a practice-based form of
education offers students with the chance and opportunity to harness their skills and craft.
2. What is literature saying about this topic? (Optional, but highly recommended: try to
find and discuss a couple of articles from peer-refereed journals on this topic to frame
your study in existing literature).
Methodology (500 words)
Data collection
1. What is the design of your study (use Merriam’s exact words to name your design)
2. How did you collect your data? (describe 2 ways in which data was collected in this
course)
3. Who are your participants? (describe participants for both sub-questions)
4. What are your data sources? (what did you end up getting from the participants)
Data Analysis
1. What did you do with the data after it was collected? …. answer
2. How did you develop the coding scheme?..... answer
3. How did you apply the coding scheme to the data?
4. What tools did you use to help you with the coding?..... answer
5. How did you identify categories and themes?..... answer
Findings (1,000 words)
What did you find: What is the answer to your research question and sub-questions, based on
the data analysis that you performed? …. answer
• Organize your writing according to the major themes and categories that you identified. Use
sections with headings to separate one theme from the next.
RES7700
•
Final project report
When summarizing findings, you MUST reference the actual transcripts with the coding,
so that it is clear how your findings tie back to the actual data and coding. Do not “just make
things up.” Use quotes from the actual transcripts to support your claims and reference them.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Example: One participant believed that homeschooling was a better option for his
children because it provided them with opportunity to spend as much time as necessary
on one topic. (Transcript # X, page# X, paragraph# X). Echoing this thought, a common
theme in the narratives was parents’ concern about lack of opportunity to engage in indepth study of topic in science:
Here you need to place a verbatim quote from the transcript that is illustrative
and representative of this theme. (Transcript #X, page #X, paragraph #X).
Above words support the idea that the purpose of education is to allow an opportunity to
engage deeply in learning about the world around us.
Your reflection (800words)
What do you think about your data and coding? Where do you see gaps in your data?.....
answer
How does what you learned inform your understanding of the research question?....
answer
Were there any surprises in your findings?..... answer
Would you do anything differently next time when conducting a study?.....answer
Reference
Guo, S & Yang Y, “Project-based Learning: An Effective Approach to Link Teacher
Professional
Development and Students Learning.” 2012. Journal of Educational
Technology & Society, 15(4), 214-224.
Fragoulis I &Mega G, “The Project Method and Visible Thinking: A Comparative
Study.” 2009. New York Times.
Dhieb-Henia, N, “Improving Science Students’ Fluency through Project Work.” 2010.
Universityof Chicago Press
Merriam, S. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (3rd
ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Running head: PROJECT BASE LEARNING
1
Answering Questions Related to Project-Based Learning
It is believed that knowledge can only be acquired through extensive learning in classes through
the intervention of an instructor. This has not proven to bear many results due to high exposure
to stress imposed on the learner. Home works and a lot of workload in memorizing for the
purpose of passing the exam has been the main goals of many parents with high expectation from
their children. This mode of learning has been overtaken by the new learning approach that has
proven to yield a better result where the learners are happy same with their parent. In this
interview, I will focus on answering questions related to project-based learning.
What is the role of education in your view an elementary teacher who use projectbased learning approaches in Saudi Arabia?
The objective of project-based learning in the education is to enhance deeper knowledge
to the student that is acquired through practice and interactive approach. The learners are
exposed to research method and investigation to find a solution to a problem through the help of
an expert. Through small groups, the student is able to interact and discuss to find the potential
result. It is an education system that involves active learning where students take a lengthy
period exploring on a subject through research and are able to answer complex questions and
challenges. Unlike the paper-based approach, project-based learning enables the student to solve
problems depending on what they know and have interacted with.
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PROJECT BASE LEARNING
What is your experience in the area of project-based learning of private school in
west Saudi Arabia?
In project-based learning education approach is highly based on the goal to ensure that
student can relate with the real world experiences. Therefore in order to achieve the expected
result, the trainer must be well equipped with relevant knowledge and experience in the field in
order to deliver what the student can relate with. For the student to be successful in this system, it
calls for the hard work of the trainer to prepare ahead for the training and enhanced good
interaction with the students. PBL has helped majority of elementary learner in learning on how
to solve problems on their own. They develop critical thinking skills and technical skills on how
to solve simple and complex problems. Also, the trainer must be in a position to understand his
student behavior for the purpose of motivating them during the learning period. Project-based
learning increases teachers’ satisfaction due to high interaction and the level of knowledge
imparted to students in the process of learning.
How has the incorporation of Project-based Learning affected the educational
progress of learners in Saudi Arabia?
Project-based learning enhances motivation to students and this enables the lecturer to
meet their teaching needs. In the 21st century, many students are able to learn on their own
through interaction with technological tools unlike intending daily classes to be guided by their
lecturers. It enhances student academic performance and strategy development in their academic
life. Students’ perception in the classroom is improved due to the level of interaction with other
students and lecturers. Project-based learning has an economic effect since it promotes the
education that meets the market requirement, unlike the tradition based learning. With PBL new
3
PROJECT BASE LEARNING
knowledge is acquired which enables the learners to solve complex problems that relate with
their environment. PBL focuses on exploration and discovery which enables the student to have
deeper knowledge and understanding. This is reflected in their good performance and good
grades in the school. The approach to PBL education enhances student performance. The
students who are not in a position to score above average are able to with PBL system. The
system relates to the real world situations that enable the students to relate well to the prevailing
circumstances in the environment.
What are the advantages of integrating project-based learning in the Saudi Arabian
educational systems?
Project-based learning is a powerful tool that enhances student’s engagement in class
project management and enhances self-confidence. The research shows that PBL enhances
student improvement in class performance, attendance and more engaged in class as they learn.
Enable the trainer to build a strong relationship with the students as they facilitate in the learning
process. The method encourages the student to learn from one another as through positive
interaction and collaboration. This makes the student remain more focused; learn new ideas as
they learn from their colleagues. The students learn how to resolve conflicts among them and
also create a stronger relationship with the community in the process of learning. Students
develop problem-solving skills including issues in the community also they learning from
failures.
Through PBL students develop creative skills that enable them to be more innovative
which help them to design and develop a new product in the projects.
PROJECT BASE LEARNING
4
Without having to memorize like in paper-based, students get deeper applicable
knowledge in their research work which enables them to develop content that can be used in a
daily application. In PBL, student gain self-confidence which help them in a positive
performance and can interact positively with the group members due to gained self-esteem.
Students develop critical thinking to solve problems through critical approaches asking
questions and coming up with the best solution.
Students learn the patient of working through a project. In this even when the project
does not yield the right result, students develop persistence until they get the best result or
outcome for the project.
Students develop skills of how to manage a big project in a more accurate and successful
way. Through curiosity, students are able to ask the difficult question which enable them to be
more focused and gain more knowledge from the project.
Through the PBL student are empowered to have the ownership of their project and are
able to celebrate their success which keeps them motivated and learned.
What educational subject does project-based learning suit the most?
Project-based learning covers the entire subject based on learning from science, literature,
and PE. It does not only concentrate on a single subject. Most of the subject are aligned to the
real world scenarios this gives PBL an upper hand in covering all the subject related to learning.
What are your feelings about the use of project-based learning approach in all levels of
education?
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PROJECT BASE LEARNING
This approach of project-based learning, when used in all level of education, would be a
major boost to the education level to the student. Level of performance will increase and promote
skill-based learning that will develop learners who have the skills required in the job market.
Beginning from elemental school to all other levels of education will develop accumulated skills
among the learners and bring early learning development and reduced delayed skills among the
learners and low employment. Enhancing PBL encourages learners to become more innovative
in society and promote the industrialization which is a key tool of economic development.
Will you be in a position to illustrate the use of project-based learning using
diagrams?
Assigning working
groups
Present a real world
situation for the group
to work on
Develop rules for the
student to follow in
solving the problem
Teacher facilitation to
solving the problem
Final results shared
with the entire group
To facilitate the PBL, the trainer starts with planning. This involves creating working groups that
are to participate in the exercise. The next step is to present a real-world situation problem to the
PROJECT BASE LEARNING
6
student to solve. This can be an experiment, a research problem or a mind game. Then the trainer
gives the guideline on how the problem is to be solved. This may include roles and policies that
guide the student on how to solve a given problem.
The role of the trainer is to facilitate by guiding the student on how to realize the results. This
can be done through trainer participation in the group to solve the problem where student’s eyes
are open on how to face challenging problem in the real world situation.
Finally when the results are realized, then the group can present the solution to other group
members. In this students are able to learn from one another through sharing and collaboration.
Explain the importance of an instructor in the process of using project-based learning
In this education approach, the role of an instructor is to guide and facilitate learning. The
presence of an instructor acts as a supervisor to guide the student on how to realize the solution
to a problem and connecting with the case scenario. Having the knowledge and the right
procedure, their work is to ensure students understand and have developed skill-based
knowledge on how to solve problems on their own without much help from the instructor.
Which kinds of feedbacks have the students given regarding project-based learning?
Getting to adapt to new system sometime is hard for the student but once they adopt it
become a life experience where the student doesn’t like reverting to the older method of learning.
With improved skills gained from the PBL education, the students are able to relate well to the
real-life situation. The student develops problem-solving skills in society and in social life the
students develop social skills and are able to relate well with society due to improved self-
PROJECT BASE LEARNING
7
esteem. The students show improved skills that are relevant to the job industries which make it
more viable for job employment and opportunity.
How can various elementary instructors incorporate project-based learning into the
teaching curriculum?
To incorporate PBL in teaching curriculum, the elementary instructor needs to start
involving the learners with few and simple tasks that the students are able to solve. Also, new
instructor needs to start engaging in the simple task before they start engaging with long-term
projects. Observing proper guideline, the instructor can easily incorporate PBL into the teaching
curriculum.
Can the integration of “Mind Maps” helps in enhancing project-based learning?
Mind map integration in enhances project-based learning by improving the learning
environment of the student altitude and enable them to be more focused in the PBL education.
What types of educational difficulties does the student encounter while using project-based
learning approaches in Saudi Arabian schools?
The kind of difficult the student face when using project based learning is adopting to the
new system. Having been used to the paper system, the students experiences some low selfesteem and social problems. The education success being based on interaction and exposure to
the real world situation, introducing the learners require slow pace until they adapt to the PBL
system. This enables them to start learning how to solve simple problems before graduating to
solving big problems.
PROJECT BASE LEARNING
8
Which communicational strategy do the elementary instructors employ while using
project-based learning processes?
Through use of real world situation, use of patterns and shapes enhances students interaction
as they interact with the real world experiences in solving problems. Instructor engagement
makes the student ask appropriate questions that help them in solving various questions.
Which types of goals and objectives do you intend to achieve in the next five years by
incorporating project-based learning approaches in schools?
The main objective of PBL is to enhance learning skills and improving learner’s
performance all rounds. Encouraging learner to adapt to the PBL is a way of transforming and
improving learning standard and improving life standard and learners skills. To improve the
society through education requires the incorporation of PBL education system. In the next five
years, the school should be in a position to see the fruit of PBL education both in the school and
in the society.
Please give other information that you think is relevant in this interview
A project-based learning approach to education plays a key role in the global economy.
When learners are natured to solve the problem independently without much intervention from
the instructor, this makes them develop skills that help them to solve problems both in society
and also in their individual life. Encouraging PBL education enhances the professional skills
required in the industry thus making a nation an industrious state with high innovation and
quality production and service delivery.
How do you motivate students who are new to PBL?
PROJECT BASE LEARNING
9
It is important to inform the students about the advantages and process of PBL before starting the
sessions. Let the students know that PBL is actually the approach through which the students will
be able to learn the application of theoretical knowledge, which is similar to what they are going
to face in their practical/ professional life. Tell them that this will help them develop the
competencies required in the real world. Generally, students are more motivated to learn
something when it is related to their future professions.
Is there any evidence that Project-Based Learning has a better impact on students’ learning
compared to other methods such as Problem-Based Learning?
PBL tends to be closer to professional practices, aimed towards the application rather than the
acquisition of knowledge. Nevertheless, one of the main concerns about PBL is the time required
to develop a project, considering that it requires deliveries as outcomes (being products or
services).For example, in the field of engineering, there are some positive and negative results
reported by authors. On the positive side, one can mention:
the increase in students' motivation and engagement;
- increase in students’ retention;
- improvement on academic results;
- more advanced skills to develop more sophisticated and realistic systems;
- increase in performance of students’ communication skills, creativity, teamwork, practical
ability, project management, responsibility, team management, communication work, and report
writing;
- contact with real-clients.
PROJECT BASE LEARNING
10
On the negative side:
- students considered that they had to dedicate too much time working in this approach;
- some students feel insecure about the new approach;
- problems with time management (from both students and professors);
- the difficulty of the lecturers in adapting their methodologies to the new teaching approach;
- need for an introduction to teamwork and engineering/design report writing.
How to evaluate the effectiveness of Project-based Learning on cognitive?
There is a need to find a balance on how much of the theories the students can learn while doing
the projects. Based on experience, doing projects are great, but there should still be some other
form of assessments such as short quizzes to determine whether or not they have a better
knowledge of the topics.
11
PROJECT BASE LEARNING
Reference
Guo, S & Yang Y, “Project-based Learning: An Effective Approach to Link Teacher Professional
Development and Students Learning.” 2012. Journal of Educational Technology & Society,
15(4), 214-224.
Fragoulis I &Mega G, “The Project Method and Visible Thinking: A Comparative Study.” 2009.
New York Times.
Dhieb-Henia, N, “Improving Science Students’ Fluency through Project Work.” 2010.
Universityof Chicago Press
Running head; Image Narrative Coding Report
1
1
I am a millennial who have been pursuing his education since first grade with no stop until the
2
moment of writing this paper, and more importantly have a believe that learning and education
3
should never stop in a persons life. Education represents everything to me, I come from an educated
4
family who were always very interested and successful in the education field for many years.
5
Education is Since the Foundation Saudi Arabia in 1931, education has started with very few male
6
schools and has been evolving rapidly ever since. Today we have more than 40 thousands of both
7
male and female educational schools and institutions across the country. In the matter of special
8
education, services has been regulated and required by the ministry of educating for students with
9
disabilities for more than 35 years ago. Programs and services has been widely established in most
10
major cities but still did not cover up most schools, there are still huge numbers of students with
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disabilities that has not been identified. Those students who suffer from hidden disabilities such as
12
ADHD and Learning Disabilities are neither recognized nor supported, due to the fact, that there
13
are no specialists that could identify such hidden disabilities in all schools. Controversy, Saudi
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Arabia has huge numbers of special education teachers who are qualified to fill in the special
15
education job positions. That is the reason why Picture #3 reflected that need to hire those
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educators and to fill in the gap of the special education field. Picture #6 reminded me of the article
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that have just published last week, the article was advocating to the need of education for students
18
with learning disabilities. The article also reflects the photo, due to fact that the article was
19
concerned that abandoning the education of students with learning disabilities may result in them
20
ending up in a prison. Furthermore, the article has quoted several sayings of people who were in
Image Narrative Coding Report
2
21
prison and had specific learning disability, most of those prisoners expressed that the did not know
22
the consequences that they would face after their violent behavior that led them to prison. Another
23
student has stated in an article from the Guardian newspaper, that crime was a much easier than
24
trying to learn and get laughed at by bullies in schools. Therefore, education is essential to build
25
an intelligent, collaborative, and free-crime community. The most phenomena that I literally hate
26
and will gather all power to work against it, is “Ableism” the word represents any action or
27
behavior that might make people with disabilities feel insulted. Ableism is spread widely around
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the world, therefore, it will defiantly be more presented in Saudi Arabia and other third world
29
countries. Ableism can be present in various forms; it could extend from wounds of word arrows
30
to inaccessible entry of a governmental building. Some examples of real life situation has happen
31
to several of my relatives who were disabled and been through some of these situations. The most
32
important example of Ablesim that has ever happened to me was when my older sister who was
33
trying to obtain a degree in Indiana state. In 2016, when she was about to finish her course work
34
she had a baby boy while she was still in her 7thmonth, he was born with both intellectual and
35
physical disabilities, he was not able to swallow and was being fed by a G-Tupe to his stomach.
36
Beside his different disabilities, both parents were aware and educated and has adored him just as
37
their other three children and maybe a little bit more. However, when he was about a year old, he
38
always carried an oxygen machine that helped him breathing. My sister was livng exactly across
39
street, and one morning I was about to leave to school and there I found my brother shouting for
40
me to come inside her house, I went running to his parents room were he sleep and there is my
41
sister doing a CPR for him. The ambulance were on there way and in two to three minutes of my
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sister doing a CPR her child started breathing again. They were able to take him to the hospital
43
and afterwards the doctors have made a huge meeting including both my sister and her husband.
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Image Narrative Coding Report
3
44
The Ableism part is when my sister was asked by the doctors that if this incidence ever happened
45
again, would you want us to save him? The doctors did not see that his life was worth to save
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which has been very difficult for the parents to realize what they just heard from an educated
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human being.
48
Participant #2
49
50
The education system is perhaps the most enduring meritocratic system in which both appraisal
51
and discrimination is positively accepted. Intellectual discrimination enables different people to
52
understand and appreciate the choices they have in life and in terms of academic endeavors (Kay,
53
2006). Secondly, appraisal of academic achievements is a critical part of the process and as such
54
the most significant reality that faces the various forms of educational development. The pictures
55
in this discussion demonstrate the level of engagement school provides to young people. First and
56
foremost, education promotes participation and collaboration as it molds young minds to become
57
responsible members of the community (Sherifali, Berard, Gucciardi, MacDonald, & MacNeill,
58
2018). It provides the first moments of activism for children and as such creates a long-term reality
59
that consensus is an important aspect in society’s quest for development. As a student, one may
60
not always like school, but rest assured, no one loves their job every day of the week either
61
(Sherifali, Berard, Gucciardi, MacDonald, & MacNeill, 2018). This is critical towards the long
62
term and generates an understanding helps us balance our interests in life. As an adult, I believe
63
there is no place in the world that instills patriotism than education. As an adult, it is often the
64
responsibility of the adult to ensure that there is a critical connection between the interests of the
65
society and the desires of the young to establish a more inclusive system that enhances education
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4
66
pursuits in the long run. This is the cornerstone of appreciating learning and its outcome. To be
67
educated therefore, is to achieve the full measure of awareness as well as the full connection
68
between the long-term goals and community responsibilities one gets in the long run (Kay, 2006;
69
Sherifali, Berard, Gucciardi, MacDonald, & MacNeill, 2018).
70
In my journey of education, I have not always been a fun of the process. There are times when I
71
have been diametrically opposed to the kind of influence education had on my life. For instance,
72
there are times when I did not want to be in school and joined my friends in making my feelings
73
known through the use of graffiti that illustrated words and images that demonstrated my dislike
74
for school. These include “education sucks”, “we don’t need education” among others. In some
75
cases, and with the advent of social media, I would try to challenge my teachers by using my
76
phones at inappropriate moments. However, as an adult, I proudly remember the moments that
77
defined the life I lead and how the experiences were critical to my own growth potential. For
78
instance, in response to prolonged strikes, the school district proposed to close all schools.
79
Outraged by this turn of events, we took to the streets arguing that the closure of schools would
80
increase violence which was already high in the community. I also relish the history classes that
81
enhanced the civic pride I felt with regards to connections to my country of birth. I now feel more
82
attached to the experience I had both as a child and teenager because they empower the young,
83
energetic and ambitious person I have become. It is essential to note that the overall conditioning
84
of this successful environment is also experienced within the context of the opportunities I missed
85
and how these opportunities could have increased over time. This is a critical part of the
86
progressive understanding of research into the power of education. If I had not experienced this
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87
education level in the past, there are instances in which I would have negatively been impacted by
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the environmental factors that affect different events in my life.
89
Participant#3
90
One of the pictures which bring back memories of my education life is picture number one. It
91
reminds of those classroom moments when we would participate in class questions and
92
discussions. These are the time when a child does not understand the real meaning of education
93
but assumes it to be a daily activity to be undertaken. I loved answering questions and participating
94
in the class discussion my primary education. Picture 6 reminds me of high school life where I
95
began to feel as education was bothersome and that I didn’t really need to go school as there were
96
other things I could do such as hanging out with friends.
97
These two pictures bring out the reason to be educated in that they show the difficulties one has to
98
go through and become successful. To be educated means to acquire skills applicable in real life
99
situations such as careers and even social life. Education is considered to be a life-long investment
100
as the skills acquired can help a person throughout their entire life without ‘expiring’. Despite the
101
fact that a person has to subject himself to years of learning, it is a worthy undertaking as it enables
102
people to become globally competitive and respond to real-life challenges more competently.
103
The first picture indicates the innocence of primary pupils as they attend their schools. They are
104
always enthusiastic about going to school and engaging in class discussions. This makes learning
105
more interesting. I loved so much to answer questions my teacher asked during class times and I
106
didn’t even feel the burden of attending school. In fact on holidays, I would be sad that I wouldn’t
107
attend school. However, this attitude changed when I joined my high school. I began hating school
108
and I didn’t see the essence of attending classes. In fact, I preferred hanging out with my friends.
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109
This attitude was wrong since I affected my performance in my first years. In my third year, my
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parents organized for a private session with an educational counselor. My session with the
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counselor proved to be fruitful as I started getting the significance of education. I came to
112
understand that it is a life-long investment but not a waste of one’s time. I was told education is
113
meant to impart important skills that help a person later in their life such as in careers, decision
114
making, creative thinking, and social life.
115
Education is what distinguishes us from the uneducated and it is what shapes civilization. I also
116
came to learn that education is responsible for the kind of lifestyles we live. Such an enlightenment
117
opened my eyes on the issue of education and I was eventually able to change my mindset. This
118
gave me a lot of motivation that even my teachers noted a progressive improvement in my
119
performance. I was able to perform well in my exams and even secured a place in the university.
120
Upon joining the university, I understood fully why my parents were insisting on my education. I
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was able to pursue a degree that later gave me my career. My life in learning taught me that
122
education is worthwhile investments that are responsible for many aspects in life. As I attend my
123
job, I look behind and realize that the time and resources I spent in schooling was a witty
124
investment and the fruits and outcomes of education are really paying.
125
Participant #4
126
Education refers to the act or process of seeking information from a teacher who imparts
127
knowledge and information in an individual with the aim of making them knowledgeable and able
128
to do things on their own (Chandra and Rajendra 13). Personally, education has had an impact on
129
my life, and I am grateful that I am educated.
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130
Firstly, I remember my childhood years where I was timid and shy. Education helped me to gain
131
courage and bravery by helping me mingle with children from different backgrounds and
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character. I had the chance of interacting with children from different classes and with different
133
ways of thinking. It helped me make friends and gain confidence in myself at an early age.
134
Throughout the learning curriculum, I have had the chance of meeting new friends and creating
135
more links, which is one of the importance of education. Without going to a school or a common
136
place where all converge for learning purposes, it would be difficult for one to make as many
137
diverse friends, as well as have important links to people in various organizations.
138
Education has also helped me to learn and know how the world is made and run. Learning science
139
and geography has helped me to know the different elements that make up the world. When
140
walking around forests and thickets, knowing the different types of animals and insects is vital to
141
staying safe. I remember escaping the bite of a black widow spider when walking through the park.
142
The knowledge about the black widow spider helped me to jump over the deadly insect, which
143
helped me to stay safe. Lack of such knowledge, which is mostly gained through education, could
144
have exposed me to the danger of the poison of the spider; I might not have survived to this date.
145
As such, the knowledge gained through education guides one to know what to avoid and what one
146
can embrace.
147
Education has also helped me to lead a healthier life. The knowledge gained in Science and
148
Biology in particular has helped me to know the working of the body systems and the signs and
149
symptoms of different health problems. This has helped me to be alert concerning signs of illness
150
in the body. I remember this once helped me to tack fever when on a trip to Dubai, early
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151
intervention and treatment saved from hospitalization. Lack of education makes one lack such vital
152
information, which can lead to deterioration before one seeks medical attention.
153
Another importance of education is getting formal employment (Chandra & Rajendra 62).
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Educational qualifications are a number one requirement to get any formal employment.
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Considering that formal employment usually has a higher salary and more benefits, it then follows
156
that education is the key to getting better employment. This additionally means that advancing
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one’s education throughout one’s life continually gives one more chance of getting better
158
employment opportunities and equally better salaries and benefits.
159
In general, being educated is good because one becomes knowledgeable in various matters that
160
concern day to day living and activities (Chandra and Rajendra 68). People that lack formal
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education tend to be withdrawn from active participation of society building because they lack
162
knowledge and information to guide them. It is important that all become educated since it is a
163
tool against many ills and problems occurring in the world: education can help transform the world
164
into a better place.
165
Participant #5
166
Ever since I was a child, my parents expressed to my siblings and I the value of education. They
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told us that it was really important that we receive an education that not only helped us to acquire
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a life-long career, but also prepared us to serve our community. With my parents as role models,
169
my dad as a preacher and my mom as an educator, I remember being at school trying to follow my
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parent's instructions: learn as much as possible and bring good grades home. During my elementary
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school years in the country of Venezuela, I thought that school was just a big play...