300 words and 150 Words Responses

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American Military University

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Managing and Response to NBC Incidents Radiological /Explosive Materials/Mass Decon With 300 words and 150 Words Responses

Discuss the potential for the use of chemicals – specifically Toxic Industrial Materials (TIMs) and Toxins.

Describe what TIMs and Toxins are and how they differ from weaponized Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) and biological agents. Discuss which concern you the most and why – from the standpoint of being able to prepare against the use of or mitigate the impact of the effects of the use of. State and clearly support your position.

Respond to the posts of at least two of your classmates for full credit.

Forum posts must be a minimum of 250 words and submitted before the close of the day (11:55 p.m. ET) on Thursday of the course week.

Response postings should be meaningful and substantive and a minimum of 100 words.

Do not simply say, “I agree!”. All response posts need be submitted prior to the close of the day (11:55 p.m. ET) on Sunday of the course week.

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Responses to Question Student 1 Toxins are defined a poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a living organism and is usually very unstable, notably toxic when introduced into the tissues, and typically capable of inducing antibody formation (Merriam-Webster, 2018). · TIC = Toxic Industrial Chemical · TIM = Toxic Industrial Material The definition of TIC’s and TIM’s is a chemical substance that in sufficient available quantity produces a toxic effect through inhalation, ingestion, or other route of absorption (CAOT, 2008). These terms were first introduced by the military to distinguish industrial chemicals of concern from weaponizable battlefield agents like sarin or mustard gas (CAOT, 2008). Countries have used Chemical Warfare Agents since their inception into the world. But up until recently it has only been nation states that have had this power. The internet has made it easier to retrieve the information needed to make and deploy different chemical weapons by non-state actors. The maximize the exposures routes of inhalation, ingestion, or dermal absorption effects of these chemical must be delivered properly in sufficient amounts to become problematic (CAOT, 2008). The only place that you can get these chemicals in large enough quantities is in the industrials landscape. I would say that there is a concern that needs to be raised in this matter. But the terrorist are limited in the deployment of these chemicals because of the industrials safe guards that are in place to prevent leaks. These are weapons that must be leak, because the use of explosives in most cases would destroy the chemical and render it useless. Just like other attack of this nature, your mitigation is a good plan that is focused on dealing with the disaster at hand and limiting the number of dead. Rory References CAOT. (2008, December). Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism. Retrieved from https://www.acmt.net/_Library/2012_Chemical_Agents_Course_BAL/CAOT_PG.pdf: https://www.acmt.net/_Library/2012_Chemical_Agents_Course_BAL/CAOT_PG.pdf Merriam-Webster. (2018). Toxin. Retrieved from https://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/toxin: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/toxin Student 2 Toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), or toxic industrial materials (TIMs) are highly toxic and produced in large quantities (Administration, 2018). Toxic industrial chemicals are industrial chemicals that are manufactured, stored, transported, and used throughout the world. Toxic industrial chemicals can be in the gas, liquid, or solid state. They can be chemical hazards like carcinogens, reproductive hazards, corrosives, or agents that affect the lungs or blood. With physical hazards such as being flammable, combustible, explosive, or reactive (Administration, 2018). Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) are extremely toxic synthetic chemicals that can be dispersed as a gas, liquid, or aerosol or as agents absorbed to particles to become a powder (Bioallied, 2010). CWA have either lethal or incapacitating effects on humans, they differ from explosive chemicals in which destructive effects are caused by shear force(Bioallied, 2010). CWAs differ from TIMs in a way that they are intended to immediately incapacitate as many victims as possible when released. To do this, CWAs must be toxic enough to cause an instant response when it is inhaled or comes into contact with skin (Bennett, 2003). Terrorist are more concerned with inflicting terror on those targeted, regardless of the length of time needed to produce enough exposure to cause symptoms (Bennett, 2003). Historically, TIMs have been the terrorist’s weapon of choice because of the difficulties in obtaining CWAs. TIMs are manufactured solely for use in industrial operations, not as weapons to be used in warfare, as CWAs are. A terrorist can use TIMs as a weapon because the goal is not to immediately incapacitate civilians, but to scare them and cause mass suffering over a period of time (Bennett, 2003). Paul Administration, O. S. (2018, December 1). Safety and Health Guide Toxic Industrial Chemicals. Retrieved from OSHA: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/emergencypreparedness/guides/chemical.html Bennett, M. (2003). Commodity chemicals take on sinister role as potential terrorist tools. American Chemical Society, 21-25. Bioallied, P. J. (2010, Sep 2). Chemical Warfare Agents. Retrieved from PMC: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3148621
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Explanation & Answer

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Managing and Response to NBC Incidents
The term toxic industrial materials (TIMS) could be used interchangeably with toxic
industrial chemicals. As defined by Royal Army Medical Corps (2002), TIMs are poisonous
industrial products in the form of gas, liquid, or solid that is hazardous and that could easily
intoxicate or even kill a person once contact is made. These products have a number of uses
including their use as herbicides, insecticides, industrial by-products for the manufacture of
other products like plastic, and for forensic purposes. Since the use of these products and their
trade is loosely regulated as compared to chemical warfare agents, they are also used for
terrorism and warfare purposes. On the other hand, toxins are similar to TIMs. The primary
difference is that toxins are biological in nature as the poison is from an animal or a plant
rather than industrially-produced. Toxins have found widespread use as medicine, therapeutic
agents, and for protection against predators and capturing prey as is the case with hunting
(Tibbets, 2015). Due to...


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