Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange

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Description

Select one of the case studies below, and include in your discussion an evaluation of the presence and effects of alteration in the homeostatic state secondary to gender, genetic, ethnic, and temporal variables.

Requirements:

  1. Make sure all of the topics in the case study have been addressed.
  2. Cite at least three sources; journal articles, textbooks or evidenced-based websites to support the content.
  3. All sources must be within 5 years.
  4. Do not use .com, Wikipedia, or up-to-date, etc., for your sources.

Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange

Emmanuel and his mother live in an urban community housing complex. The building is worn down and dirty from the urban dust, cockroaches, and mold. Emmanuel is five years of age and has suffered from asthma for the last two years. One evening, his mother poured him some milk and put him to bed. Shortly afterward, Emmanuel woke up wheezing and coughing. As he gasped for air, he became more and more anxious. His mother ran for his inhaler, but he was too upset and restless to use it. Emmanuel’s skin became moist with sweat, and as he began to tire, his wheezing became quieter. His mother called 911 and waited anxiously for the ambulance to arrive.

  1. Emmanuel uses a corticosteroid inhaler for the management of his asthma. What is the mechanism of action of this drug? How is its action different from the β2-agonist inhalants?
  2. Why does someone with severe asthma become physically fatigued during a prolonged attack? What are the physiological events that occur during an attack?
  3. One of the complications of respiratory fatigue is the development of hypercapnia. How does the body compensate for an increase in CO2? What are the effects of hypercapnia on the central nervous system?

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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

OUTLINE

1. INTRODUCTION
2. BODY
3. CONCLUSION
4. REFERENCE


Running head: HEALTH AND MEDICAL

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Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL

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Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange
Question One
Emmanuel uses a corticosteroid inhaler for the management of his asthma. What is the
mechanism of action of this drug? How is its action different from the β2-agonist
inhalants?
To begin with, Corticosteroids involve the active glucocorticoids utilized in curing the
inflammatory responses related to the late-stage response of the asthma disease. They are a
category of the steroid hormones, which become produced within the adrenal cortex.
Corticosteroids get involved in an array of physiologic systems like the immune response,
inflammation regulation, stress response, protein catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, blood
electrolyte as well as the behavior (LEDFORD, FELDMAN, & CASALE, 2018).
Since their action onset is slowing, that is, greater than four, they become utilized in the
treatment of the moderate to the serious exacerbations due to their action to avoid the
exacerbation progress, prevent early relapses and lastly speed recovery. Corticosteroids get
regarded as the most efficient anti-inflammatory agents incorporated into long-term asthma
therapy.
Action Mechanism of a corticosteroid inhaler
Concerning the biphasic mechanisms, anti-inflammatory medications, including the
corticosteroids are esse...


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